• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

In searching for yeast to be utilized as biocontrol agents, a single yeast strain was isolated from Camellia sinensis based on its morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as by molecular techniques. This single strain was pink to red in color and designated as strain JY-1. The effects of temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, and ethanol concentration on the growth of the JY-l strain were examined for the JY-1. Growth occurred at temperatures ranging from 20 to $35^{\circ}C$, and between pH 3.0 and 12.0, with optimal growth at $25-30^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0. The yeast also grew in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl and 0-4% (v/v) EtOH. The isolate was further classified based on biochemical characteristics using the VITEK system. The biochemical data obtained using this system were similar to those of Rhodotorula glutinis/Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (exhibiting a 93% matching level). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on l8S rDNA sequences indicated that the yeast represented a basidiomycetous species, and its highest degree of sequence similarity was with Rhodosporidium azoricum, strain JCM11251 (99%).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 1999

Skin is continuously exposed to external stimuli including ultraviolet radiation, which is a major cause of skin photoaging. According to recent discoveries, UVA with a lower energy but deep-penetrating properties, compared to UVB, is likely to play a major part in causing skin photoaging. The clinical and histochemical changes of photoaging are well characterized, but the biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood partly due to the lack of suitable experimental systems. In this work, three-dimensional, reconstituted skin culture models were prepared. After certain period of maturation, the equivalent models were shown to be similar in structure and biochemical characteristics to normal skin. Mature dermal and skin equivalent models were exposed to sub-lethal doses of UVA, and the effects of UVA relevant to dermal photoaging were monitored, including the production of elastin, collagen, collagenase(MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Interestingly, dermal and skin equivalents reacted differently to acute and chronic exposure to UVA. Elastin production was increased as soon as one week after commencing UVA irradiation by chronic exposure, although a single exposure failed to do so. This early response could be an important advantage of equivalent models in studying elastosis in photoaged skin. Collagenase activity was increased by acute UVA irradiation, but returned to control levels after repeated exposure. On the other hand, collagen biosynthesis, which was increased by a single exposure, decreased slightly during 5 weeks of prolonged UVA exposure. Collagenase has been thought to be responsible for collagen degeneration in dermal photoaging. However, according to the results obtained in this study, elevated collagenase activity is not likely to be responsible for the degeneration of collagen in dermal photoagig, while reduced production of collagen may be the main reason. It can be concluded that reconstituted skin culture models can serve as useful experimental tools for the study of skin photoaging. These culture models are relatively simple to construct, easy to handle, and are reproducible Moreover the changes of dermal photoaging can be observed within 1-4 weeks of exposure to ultraviolet light compared to 4 months to 2 years for human or animal studies. These models will be useful for biochemical and mechanistic studies in a large number of fields including dermatology, toxicology, and pharmacology.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.471-476
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• 2011

Nowadays biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) has been becoming an important issue as a desired alternative of energy products because of non-toxic, biodegradable properties, and lower exhaust emissions. During esterification of fatty acids or transesterification of oils and fats with short chain alcohols by the alkali-catalyzed methanolysis, FAME and unrefined glycerol are generated. Quantification of glycerol as a by-product is important because of a determinant of biodiesel quality. However, the glycerol analysis by gas chromatography (GC) method has laborious works with sample preparation, long time and cost of sample analysis. Thus, there is a need to analyze glycerol more simply. Herein we demonstrate that the colorimetric assay for glycerol analysis conducted by UV-vis spectrophotometer at the wavelength 617 nm whose peak is maximum intensity of malachite green, resulting in the red-shift occurred proportionally as a function of glycerol amount. Thus, it is considered the solvent media for malachite green fading for biodiesel production: (1) water, (2) MeOH, and (3) EtOH. The resulting findings show that the peak intensity at 617 nm in glycerol-malachite green mixture had a relationship between glycerol concentration and degree of peak shift as increase in pure glycerol concentration approximately at pH 7.0. However, when it was measured the unrefined glycerol concentration by diluting and adjusting with water to buffer (pH 7.0), it was not observed the absorption peak at 617 nm because of impurities and OH ions. In case of glycerol from biodiesel production factories, glycerol concentration could be successfully measured.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.401-411
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• 2019

All Idiomarina species are isolated from saline environments; microorganisms in such extreme habitats develop metabolic adaptations and can produce compounds such as proteases with an industrial potential. ARDRA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing are established methods for performing phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic identification. However, 16S-23S ITS is more variable than the 16S rRNA gene within a genus, and is therefore, used as a marker to achieve a more precise identification. In this study, ten protease producing Idiomarina strains isolated from the Peruvian salterns were characterized using biochemical and molecular methods to determine their bacterial diversity and industrial potential. In addition, comparison between the length and nucleotide sequences of a 16S-23S ITS region allowed us to assess the inter and intraspecies variability. Based on the 16S rRNA gene, two species of Idiomarina were identified (I. zobellii and I. fontislapidosi). However, biochemical tests revealed that there were differences between the strains of the same species. Moreover, it was found that the ITS contains two tRNA genes, $tRNA^{Ile(GAT)}$ and $tRNA^{Ala(TGC)}$, which are separated by an ISR of a variable size between strains of I. zobellii. In one strain of I. zobellii (PM21), we found nonconserved nucleotides that were previously not reported in the $tRNA^{Ala}$ gene sequences of Idiomarina spp. Thus, based on the biochemical and molecular characteristics, we can conclude that protease producing Idiomarina strains have industrial potential; only two I. zobellii strains (PM48 and PM72) exhibited the same properties. The differences between the other strains could be explained by the presence of subspecies.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to determine comparative biochemical characteristics and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) profiles of 18 strains of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and eel (Anguilla spp) that showed diseases between 1996 and 2010 in Korea. In terms of biochemical properties, they showed four patterns with differences in citrate degradation and production of H₂S and indole. All strains were identified as E. tarda. Characteristics of isolates were not classified according to their host. As a result of PCR with E. tarda-specific primer, EDtT, the same band of about 270 bp was detected in all 18 isolates. However, no specific band was detected in type strains of E. tarda or Edwardsiella ictaluri. As a result of RAPD PCR performed with primer No. 5 and No. 6 of a Ready-To-Go-RAPD kit, the band profile showed clear differences among isolates of olive flounder, isolates of eel, and E. tarda and E. ictaluri type strains. It was possible to organize their characteristics according to the origin of host with possibility to develop tools for pathogen monitoring.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1376-1383
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of 12-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (12-KETE)-induced placenta release on the performance of mother cows (milk yield, ovarian function, and blood plasma biochemical properties). Methods: Experimental treatments were as follows: i) natural delivery including natural placental release (control cows); ii) induced calf delivery with placental retention (RP cows); and iii) induced calf delivery and 12-KETE-induced placental release (KE cows). Delivery in pregnant KE cows was induced with dexamethasone and prostaglandin. These cows were injected with 12-KETE after calf discharge, resulting in the release of the fetal placenta. RP cows were not treated with 12-KETE after inducing delivery, resulting in placental retention. Results: The milk yield in RP cows during the first 50 days after delivery was significantly lower than that in control cows (p<0.05), whereas KE cows exhibited a similar milk yield to that of control cows. The postpartum plasma progesterone levels of control cows increased 14 days after delivery on average; however, its increase was delayed by 10 days in RP cows. Meanwhile, the 12-KETE treatment (KE cows) brought the timing of progesterone increase forward to the normal level (control cows). Among the 20 biochemical parameters examined, the total cholesterol levels in blood plasma 14 days after delivery were lower in RP cows than that in the other two treatment groups (control cows and KE cows) (p<0.05). In addition, the plasma level of haptoglobin tended to be low in cows that discharged their placentas shortly after delivery. Conclusion: These findings indicate that 12-KETE treatment can alleviate the disorder caused by placental retention.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2006

Germanium is found in a range of minerals and ores and is present in foods including beans, tomato juice, oysters, tuna and garlic. Germanium is a non-metallic element, which can exist in valence states of 2 and 4. Clinical trials and use in private practices for more than a decade have demonstrated organic germanium's efficacy in treating serious disease including cancer, arthritis and senile osteoporosis. But it was rarely reported that inorganic germanium has biological properties. STB-BM contains mineral complex, rare earth elements and a little amount of Inorganic germanium. The experiment was carried out the anti-obesity effect. To investigate anti-obesity effect of STB-BM, we measured the effect of body weight, fat weight (subcutaneous fat, epididymal fat, visceral fat, kidney fat and total fat) and serum biochemical level in rats fed high fat diets. STB-BM 35 mg/kg suppressed the increasing ratio of body weight, epididymal fat weight, visceral fat weight, total fat weight, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05).

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.655-659
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• 2003

Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) system has been attracted increasing attention during last few years as a potential drug delivery carrier However, the SLN have disadvantage of low encapsulation efficiency for hydrophilic drug. In this study, for increase it's encapsulation efficiency, we prepared the $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ L100-55 (eudragit) coated SLN(E-SLN) based on solvent evaporation method and melt dispersion technique, and analyzed their physicochemical properties in terms of particle size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. As a result, they have a ${\pm}150$ nm particle size, spherical shape, and $10^{\sim}25$ % loading efficiency. SLN consists of coconut oil as core material, ascorbic acid and okyong-san as hydrophilic drug.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1991

The present study was conducted to investigate biochemical, serologic, and pathogenic characteristic of E. rhusiopathiae isolated from the cases of acute septicemic swine erysipelas in Youngnam provinces during the period from June 1988 to September 1990. The majority of biochemical and cultural properties of E. rhusiopathiae isolated from pigs affected with acute erysipelas were identical to those of the standard strain employed. All of the 45 isolates were serotype la. All isolates were highly susceptible to penicillin G, lincomycin, cephalothin, ampicillin, erythromycin (MIC : 0.025-0.78IU or ${\mu}g$ / ml ), and moderately susceptible to oleandomycin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol (MIC : 0.78-25${\mu}g$ / ml ). Kanamycin and sulfadimethoxine showed no activity against the isolates(MIC : ＞400${\mu}g$ / ml ). The MICs of dihydrostreptomycin presented two distribution peaks ; of 45 strains, 5(11.1%) were resistant to dihydrostreptomycin(MIC : 400${\mu}g$ / ml ). All of 5 selected isolates were pathogenic for mite and $LD_{50}$ was $3.7{\times}10^3$viable cells. Mice immunized subcutaneously with live vaccine did not die after challenge to virulent isolates of E. rhusiopathiae.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.492-496
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• 1999

We have investigated the biochemical properties of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase without the UL42 protein (Pol), purified from insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the UL30 gene. BSA and DTT have inhibitory effects on dAMP incorporation. Pol showed a greater turnover rate of steady-state single nucleotide incorporation at 12 mM $MgCl_2$ than at 2 mM $MgCl_2$. However, it showed a greater processivity of DNA synthesis at lower $MgCl_2$ concentration (1 mM, 2 mM) than at a higher $MgCl_2$ concentration (12.5 mM). These results are consistent with a slow DNA dissociation at lower $MgCl_2$ concentrations. Pol does not incorporate a correct nucleotide into the primer with an incorrect nucleotide at the end; instead, it preferentially excises the incorrect nucleotide at the 3' end of the primer. Pol has DNA polymerase activity at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 but little at pHs 5.5, 8.5, and 9.5. It has exonuclease activity at pHs 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 but little at pHs 4.5, 5.5, and 9.5. The finding that Pol has exonuclease activity but not DNA polymerase at pH 8.5 suggests that DNA binds to Pol, but deoxynucleotide binding or incorporation does not occur at pH 8.5.