• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 1990

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) is a neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. Although structural studies of the mature form of this enzyme have been extensive, the culmination of these finding had been hightly controversial and contradictory. In this study, biochemical approaches were taken to characterize the structure of mature DBH. Soluble bovine DBH was purified from aderenal medulla. Three bands of 69 kDa, 72 kDa and 75 kDa which were physically separable and similar in structure were observed by SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, gas phase sequence analysis revealed that the 72 kDa band consists of two polypeptides which are present at equimolar concentrations and differed in that one had three extra amino acids at the N-terminus. Taken together, the soluble form of DBH exist in at least four forms, three identified by SDS-PAGE, one of which consists of two polypeptides as identified by N-terminal sequence analysis. The significance of these forms and their possible biosynthetic mechanisms are discussed.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.16
• /
• pp.38-60
• /
• 1987

There are BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the date of the water pollution in the pollution analysis, BOD and COD analysis the result of the analysis. The computer developed the program in the analysis. Went by BOD, the relation conversion equation type of COD, the control chart, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of correlation etc.. for the purpose of the development of the program. There is a purpose by which it is what coefficient of correlation in the development of this program or not if the value (X and Y) of unknow is understood. In the future, if this program is applied the utilization to not only the data is analyzed about the water pollution but also a lot of fields is proposed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 2011

This study reviewed on the research trend of sources and utilization of the byproducts(Lignin) from bioethanol production process with lignocellulosic biomass such as wood, agri-processing by-products(corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse etc.) and energy crops(switch grass, poplar, Miscanthus etc.). During biochemical conversion process, only Cellulose and hemicellulosic fractions are converted into fermentable sugar, but lignin which represents the third largest fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is not convertible into fermentable sugars. It is therefore extremely important to recover and convert biomass-derived Lignin into high-value products to maintain economic competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol processes. It was introduced that lignin types and characteristics were different from various isolation methods and biomass sources. Also utilization and potentiality for market of those were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.571-586
• /
• 2018

The Malaysian biogas upgrading technologies and policies were examined. In Malaysia, the regulation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been enforced to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand to 20 ppm and the biogas capture in the palm oil mills have been recently enforced for renewable energy. A huge amount of organic waste is produced from POME, and 80 million tons from palm oil trees, every year. Due to the renewable energy trends, the Malaysian government is modifying the use of biogases as fuels in favor of their conversion into compressed natural gas (CNG) and other chemicals; various green policies are being promoted because of many advantages of the organic substances. The Korean policies for biogas are a good model for exporting environmental plants after upgrading the digestion and purification technologies. Therefore, this article introduces the current status of POME and biogas production in Malaysia, it could encourage creating a new market for biomethane.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 1978.10a
• /
• pp.206.4-206
• /
• 1978

By utilizillg whole cell enzyme of the Xantho-monas citri IFO 3835, cephalexin is synthesized directly from 7-amino-deacetoxy cephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) and phenyl glycine methyl ester (PGM). To date, cephalexin has been manufactu-red by chemical process involving fairly large number of steps to protect the amino group of phenly glycine and carboxyl group of 7-ADCA. However, the enzymatic process involves only a single step with 85％ conversion in 90 minutes. The fermentation variables studied indicate that oxygen transfer is limiting step in the enzyme production. Optimum conditions for enzymatic reaction were 37 C, pH 6.0, and the optimum substrate molar ratio of PGM to 7-ADCA was 2. Other variables that are related to the biochemical properties of whole cell enzyme temperature stability, pH stability, kinetic constants, reusing effect, enzyme loading effect were also evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2015

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of by-products of herbal medicines on performance, enteric microflora and blood biochemical profiles and immunological parameters in broiler chicks. A total of ninety-six, 3-d-old birds were assigned to a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.15 % (HM1), 0.3% (HM2) or 0.5% (HM3) by-products of herbal medicines. There was a significantly (p<0.05) improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) in birds fed diet supplemented with 0.15% by-products of herbal medicines (HM1) compared with the control birds during starter period (3~21 days). However, no difference in body weight, feed intake, total gain and FCR among treatment groups was observed during the entire feeding period (3~35 days). The colony forming units (CFU) of E. coli and Lactobacilli in the digesta of ileo-cecum was not also affected by dietary treatment. Serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and glucose decreased (p<0.05) in birds fed diets supplemented with herbal medicines compared with those fed the basal diet. In particular, the birds fed diets supplemented with herbal medicines showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in blood mean corpuscular volume (MCV) level compared with the control birds. However, the most of blood biochemical and hematological parameters and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) were not affected by the dietary treatment. In conclusion, the low level of dietary herbal medicines showed beneficial effects on FCR during starter period and liver functions, suggesting that by-products of herbal medicines may be applicable as functional feed additives in birds.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.774-780
• /
• 2019

An efficient Pd-coated $La_{0.1}Sr_{0.9}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}}$ (LSCF-1928) catalyst for total oxidation of methane under landfill gas at low tmeperature has been developed. Synergism was observed between Pd coating and LSCF-1928 substrate. When Pd coating on LSCF-1928, we used electroless plating method and conformed characteristic of catalyst through TPR(Temperature Programmed Reduction) analysis, XRD(X-ray Diffraction) analysis, SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope). The results demonstrated that the Pd coated LSCF-1928 catalysts showed higher performance than non-Pd LSCF-1928. Pd coated LSCF-1928 had low total oxidation temperature of methane (< $475^{\circ}C$) which is lower than total oxidation temperature of methane about non-Pd LSCF-1928 catalysts (= $475^{\circ}C$). Also, $O_2$ conversion rate was higher than non-Pd LSCF-1928 at same temperature.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.453-460
• /
• 2015

Engineering the polylactide via stereocomplexation with supercritical fluid (SCF) technology paved way to fabricate polymers with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. We aimed to establish a SCF medium with excellent solubility for PLA without any additional solvent/co-solvent. We, therefore, employed supercritical dimethyl ether to synthesize 100% stereocomplex polylactide from high molecular weight homopolymers with an excellent yield. The remarkable solubility of the homopolymers in dimethyl ether is the key for quick conversion to s-PLA. This study proves a rapid synthesis route of dry s-PLA powder with sc-DME at 250 bar, $70^{\circ}C$ and 1.5 h, which are reasonably achievable processing parameters compared to the conventional methods. The degree of stereocomplexation was evaluated under the effect of pressures, temperatures, times, homopolymer-concentrations and molecular weights. An increment in the degree of stereocomplexation was observed with increased temperature and pressure. Complete conversion to s-PLA was obtained for PLLA and PDLA with $M_n{\sim}200kg{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ with a total homopolymer to total DME ratio of 6:100% w/w at prescribed reaction conditions. The degree of stereocomplexation was determined by DSC and confirmed by XRD. Considerable improvement in thermo-mechanical properties of s-PLA was observed. DSC and TGA analyses proved a $50^{\circ}C$ enhancement in melting transition and a high onset temperature for thermal degradation of s-PLA respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2013

A study investigated the effects of Galla Rhois (GR) on growth performance and diarrhea incidence of postweaning piglets. One hundred 28-day-old piglets were randomly assigned into five experimental groups, which were a basal diet alone (NC), chlortetracycline 0.3 g/kg feed (PC) and supplemented with GR 1.0 g/kg feed (GR 1), GR 2.0 g/kg feed (GR 2), and GR 4.0 g/kg feed (GR 3). After 28 days of administration, final body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio of PC, GR 2 and GR 3 was significantly different compared to those of NC (p < 0.05). Additionally, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of PC and all groups treated with GR was significantly different compared to those of NC (p < 0.05). Especially, final BW, ADG, ADFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of GR 2 and GR 3 were not significant different compared to those of PC. In fecal scores and duration of diarrhea, PC and all groups treated with GR were significantly different compared to NC (p < 0.05). In hematogolical and serum biochemical analysis, there were no significant differences in any of the hematogolical and serum biochemical parameters examined in either NC or all groups treated with GR. The results of this study indicated that GR could be a potential candidate as feed additives for the improvement of growth performance and incidence of diarrhea in piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1734-1741
• /
• 2012

This trial was performed to study the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented rapeseed meal (RSM) on growth performance, serum biochemistry variable and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 640 d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, 4 pens per treatment and 40 birds per pen for a 6-wk feeding trial. In the four treatment groups, fermented RSM replaced soybean meal at 0, 5, 10, and 15%, respectively. On 21 d and 42 d, two birds from each pen were randomly selected and slaughtered. Blood samples and sections of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for measurement of serum biochemical variables and intestinal morphology, respectively. Results showed that body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion (FC) were significantly (p<0.01) poorer for birds fed the 15% fermented RSM diet than those fed with 0, 5 and 10% fermented RSM diets during all periods. Compared with 0 and 5% fermented RSM groups, IgG content in the serum of birds in 10 and 15% fermented RSM groups was improved (p<0.01) urea nitrogen content of serum was reduced (p<0.01) during both growing and finishing periods. However, IgM, phosphorus and calcium levels increased (p<0.05) only during the growing period. Increased (p<0.05) villus height was observed in the duodenum and jejunum of broilers fed the diet with 10% fermented RSM. In addition, villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was significantly higher (p<0.01) for birds fed the diet with 10% fermented RSM than for those fed diets with 0, 5 and 15% fermented RSM. The present results suggest that RSM fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus subtilis is a promising alternative protein source and that it could be safely used replace up to 10% SBM in broiler diets.