• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.173.2-174
• /
• 2003

Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have been thus classified as endocrine disruptors. Bioallethrin is one of the pyrethroids. synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring pyrethrins. These pyrethroids including bioallethrin have been developed as insectides due to their high insecticidal potency and low mammalian toxicity. Currently, bioallethrin is used to eradicate pests and insects in Korea, providing potential for human exposure. (omitted)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제8권1_2호
• /
• pp.37-58
• /
• 1993

In order to investigate the toxicities of S-bioallethrin (5-biol) and its combination treatment with N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide (MGK-264), the acute and subacute toxicity, and enzyme activity test were performed. $LD_{50}$ levels of S-biol and MGK-264 in rats are 640 mg/kg and 3, 280 mg/kg respectively. However, when rats were treated with the mixture of S-biol and MGK-264 (1 : 5 ratio), the $LD_{50}$ was decreased to 545 mg/kg. In serological analysis, ALT and LDH were increased in animals treated with the mixture. Also glucose level was significantly increased after 5 weeks in animals treated with both S-biol and the mixture. Other biochemical parameters such as cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in the liver and kidney were shown to be not significantly changed. Levels of total ATPase and $mg^{2+}$ ATPase were significantly decreased in the liver of animals treated with the mixture after 4-5 weeks. In addition, S-biol can alone decrease total ATPase activity. Total ATPase activity was also significantly decreased in the kidney after 5 week treatment with the mixture. Similarily, glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in animals treated with the mixture. When either S-biol or MGK-264 was administered, cholinesterase and carboxyesterase activities were slightly decreased but they were significantly decreased when the mixture was administered.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 1992

서울시내에 소재한 여자 성인 및 여자 아동 사회복지시설 카 1개소에 수용된 성인 여자 97 명, 여아 43명을 대상으로, 서캐(머릿니 충란)의 발견율을 조사한 뒤 조사된 서캐의 보유 유무에 상관 없이 모든 대상자에게 PARATU 에어로졸(bioallethrin 0.660%, piperonyl butoxide 2.640%) 을 살포하고 참빗질을 하여 머릿니(유충 및 성충)의 발견율을 구하였으며, 12일 후에 다시 살포하고 머릿니의 구제 여부로 치료 효과를 판정하였다. 총 140명 중 서캐양성은 98명 (70.0%) 머릿니양성은 85명 (60.7%)이었다. 여 아 43명 중 서캐가 37명 (86.0%)에서, 머릿니가 37명 (86.0%)에서 발견되었고, 성인 여자 97명 중에서는 서캐가 61명 (62.9%). 머릿니가 48명(49.5%)에서 발견되어, 아동이 성인보다 서캐 및 머릿니 양성률이 높았다(p<0.01). 12일 후 다시 시행한 검사에서, 머릿니가 발견되었던 아동 37명 중 36명 (97.3%)과 성인 48명 중 46명 (95.8%)에서 머릿니가 제거되어 머릿니 구제효과는 평균 96.5%로, PARATU 에어로졸의 머릿니 구제효과는 우수한 편이었으며 사용상 우려할만한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 여아와 성인여자간에 치료효과의 차이는 없었다. 집단생활 을 할 경우 구성원의 일부가 머릿니에 감염이 되더라도 집단전체가 쉽게 감염에 이환되는 특성이 있으므로, 이러한 특수 집단에서 머릿니를 성공적으로 구제하기 위해서는 집단 약물치료와 재감염 방지 대책을 동시에 강구해 나가야 할 것이다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제7권1_2호
• /
• pp.17-34
• /
• 1992

The object of this study is to investigate the toxicity of S-biol (d-allethron-d-transchrysanthemate) and the mode of action between other synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and S-biol in rats. Rats were treated daily with S-biol (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg) by oral administration for 5 weeks. The experimental results were summerized as follows: Biochemical parameters such as LDH and Glucose in serum were much more increased in control groups. No significant hematological change excepts for MCHC in rats treated with S-biol 100 mg/kg were observed in all groups compared to control groups. In animals treated with S-biol for 4∼5 weeks, the levels of cytochrome P-450 in the liver were significantly increased. In renal microsomal fractions, however, no significant changes of cytochrome P-450 contents were observed. The activitis of ATPase in groups treated with S-biol (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) were decreased compared to those in other groups. TBA values and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver were increased a little in the groups treated with S-biol (100 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. The activities of cholinesterase in hepatic and serum were not significantly changed in all groups but slightly decreased in animals treated with high dose of S-biol (100 mg/kg). The activities of carboxylesterase in serum and in the liver were slightly increased but not significantly changed.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 1997

전북 남원시 초등학생(27개교 2,775명) 및 병설유치원(19개소 348명)을 대상으로 머릿니 감염조사와 감염자에 대한 살충제를 투여하고, 그 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 1995년 5월부터 12월까지 구제사업을 실시하였다 총 검사자 3,123명(남 1,579; 여 1,544)중 288명 [남 62명(4.0%; 여 236명(15.3%)]의 감염자가 확인되어 9.6%의 감염률을 나타냈다. 초등학생은 9.5% (2,775명중 264명)이며 유치원생은 101%(348명중 35명)의 양성률로 큰 차이는 없었다, 한편 감염자 중 51명(17.1%)에서 성충을 검출하였고 이들은 모두 살아있는 서캐를 보유하고 있었다. 감염자 중 죽은 서캐만이 관찰된 경우도 79명(26.4%)이었다. 이백면, 송동면의 감염률이 27.3%, 21.7%로 높게 나타났다. 초등학교생은 0~50.9%, 유치원생은 0~100% 범위내에 감염률을 모였다. 전 학년에서 여아의 감염률이 높았으며, PARA$^{(R)}$ 에어로졸로 1회와 2주간격으로 3회 치료한 결과 각각 65.1%, 82.8%의 치료 효과를 나타냈다. 치료를 하지 않은 경우 감염자의 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. 한집에 거주하는 감염자의 형제간 감염률은 40.9%로 조사되었다. 한편 감염자들은 치료약제를 손쉽게 구입할 수 없는 환경조건들이어서 감염률이 높게 나타난 것으로 본다. 앞으로 집단적으로 관리할 수 있는 대책이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2003

It is well known that many pesticides possess hormonal activity, and affect the developments of wildlife and mammals including human. Currently, pyrethroid insecticides are in worldwide use to control in and outdoor pests, providing potential far environmental exposure. Hormonal activities of these pyrethroid insecticides, however, have been little studied, and the developmental effects of them were no reported. Therefore, we firstly examined the potential estrogenic activities of some pyrethroid insecticides (permethrin, cypermethrin, tetramethrin, deltamethrin, sumithrin, fenvalerate and bioallethrin) by immature rat uterotrophic assay, luciferase reporter gene assay and Calbindin-D$\sub$9k/ (CaBP-9k) gene expression assay. Uterine wet weights were increased by permethrin and the permethrin-induced weights were inhibited by ICI 182780 in the uterolrophic assay. On the other hand tetramethrin significantly reduced uterine and vaginal wet weights, and also inhibited the E2-induced weight increases at all doses tested. Cypermethrin and sumithrin had a tendency to increase uterine weights, although not statistically significant. Permethrin and cypermethrin dose-dependently increased the luciferase activity in reporter gene assay. Northern blot analysis showed that permethrin induced CaBP-9k mRNA expression whereas tetramethrin inhibted. Subsequent studies were conducted to investigate the possible developmental effects of four pyrethroid insecricides (permethrin, cypermethrin, sumithrin and teramethrin). Either diethlbestrol (DES) or 17${\beta}$ -estradiol (E2) was used as a reference control in this study. Pyrethroid insecticides were administered to Sprague Dawley rats via subcutaneous injection at 6 to 18 days of gestation or 1 to 5 days after birth. In utero treatment of permethrin (10mg/kg/day) in female rat resulted in significant increases in uterine and ovarian weights while significant decreases in serum E2 concentration, uterine and ovarian ER${\alpha}$ mRNA levels. Sumithrin and permethrin led to acceleration in vaginal opening of female rat, while delay in preputial separation of male after neonatal treatment. Anogenital distances of PND 18 were significantly reduced in sumthrin-treated, and permerhrin-treated male rats after neonatal treatment. All the pyrethroid insecticides tested caused significant increases in uterine weights on PND 18, while significant reductions in the first diestrus phase when neonataly treated. In addition, exposure to pyrethroids in neonatal period led to significant reduction in relative brain weight in female rat on PND 18, but its weight was recovered in diestrus phase. In summary, Our experimental data demonstrate the possibilities of developmental effects of pyrethroid insecticides via estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity.