• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

This study aims to identify the status of oral care of professional soldiers and analyze the relationship between oral care needs and oral health symptoms based on oral health recognition, thus providing an opportunity to create a system for improving oral health of professional soldiers. The study was conducted on a total of 232 military personnel aged 19 or older who were employed in the military. The questionnaire for this study was commissioned to respond by explaining the purpose of the study and how to respond to the survey by telephone with the selected sub-employer. The content included in the questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, oral care status, and awareness of dental hygienists. When the subjective oral health condition was poor, normal, or good, it was all shown that the toothbrush was done more than three times a day, and the oral examination was all examined. In particular, 68.1 percent of the respondents said they were in good subjective health. Preventive treatment was the highest in the group with good subjective oral health. Of the total respondents, 83.6 percent said "yes" to the question of knowing dental hygienists, while 65.5 percent said "yes" to the question of whether they know the work of dental hygienists, recognizing that most of the respondents were aware of dental hygienists and their work. Both the group that said they knew the dental hygienist and the group that said they did not know answered 43.5% as an assistant. In conclusion, oral health projects will have to be carried out in line with military situations in order to maintain a healthy oral state of professional soldiers, and long-term planning for active oral health care, especially as an important role of personnel in charge of health care in the military is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible relationship between population migration and population inequality in rural areas. This study conducted a case study on the eup·myeon(rural)areas in Chungcheongbuk-do. First, the population migration was divided into four patterns, and the characteristics of population migration in rural areas were analyzed based on the net migration. The analysis results showed that there was serious migration between rural areas, and the population in rural areas mainly moved out to urban areas within the province, but the urban population outside the province moved out to rural areas. The main areas of population inflows included areas such as Deoksan-eup, Jincheon-gun, Osong-eup and Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si. Second, the Theil index was used to quantitatively analyze the level of population inequality between rural areas. The Theil index of the population aged 0~14 increased from 0.38 to 0.53, that of population aged 15-64 increased from 0.22 to 0.30, and that of population aged over 65 increased from 0.07 to 0.09, indicating an increase in population inequality. Finally, due to the continued large-scale inflows of population into Osong-eup and Ochang-eup, the Theil index of total population in Cheongju-si increased from 0.13 in 2009 to 0.23 in 2020, which meant that the level of population inequality had increased. Similarly, due to the continued large population inflows into Deoksan-eup, the Theil index of total population in Jincheon-gun increased from 0.14 in 2009 to 0.18 in 2020, which meant that the level of population inequality had increased. In conclusion, large-scale population inflows into specific areas will lead to an increase in the level of population inequality.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.16.1-16.20
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• 2022

The gastrointestinal tract is the first organ directly affected by fasting. However, little is known about how fasting influences the intestinal immune system. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) capture antigens, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, and provoke adaptive immune responses. We evaluated the changes of intestinal DCs in mice with short-term fasting and their effects on protective immunity against Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Fasting induced an increased number of CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs in both small intestinal lamina propria (SILP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN). The SILP CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs showed proliferation and migration, coincident with increased levels of GM-CSF and C-C chemokine receptor type 7, respectively. At 24 h post-infection with LM, there was a significant reduction in the bacterial burden in the spleen, liver, and mLN of the short-term-fasted mice compared to those fed ad libitum. Also, short-term-fasted mice showed increased survival after LM infection compared with ad libitum-fed mice. It could be that significantly high TGF-β2 and Aldh1a2 expression in CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs in mice infected with LM might affect to increase of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells. Changes of major subset of DCs from CD103⁺ to CD103^- may induce the increase of IFN-γ-producing cells with forming Th1-biased environment. Therefore, the short-term fasting affects protection against LM infection by changing major subset of intestinal DCs from tolerogenic to Th1 immunogenic.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluated the fatty acid composition and physiological activities of oils extracted from eight types of seeds, pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), green tea (Camellia sinensis L.), perilla (Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cotton (Gossypium indicum LAM.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), walnut (Juglans regia L.), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The composition and quality analysis showed that the oils were potentially suitable for foo-grade applications. The composition analysis showed that the oils were mostly composed of unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic acid and oleic acid. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, green pepper, perilla, and peanut seed oils inhibited lipid accumulation, and green pepper, perilla, peanut, sesame, walnut, and safflower seed oils induced leptin secretion. These results show that the inhibitory effect of edible seed oils on lipid accumulation, and induction of leptin secretion may be useful for obesity management.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low temperature shipping condition and precooling treatments (forced air and room cooling) on everbearing strawberry through export simulation of 'Goha' and 'Flamenco' cultivars. After harvest, it took two days to prepare export procedure such as precooling, sorting, storage, transportation, quarantine and handling, and then everbearing strawberry was carried out shipping at room ($20-25^{\circ}C$) or low ($8^{\circ}C$) temperature conditions. In the case of shipping at room temperature, weight losses of both cultivars were increased up to 10% after 2 days where 'Goha' being 2% higher than that of ' Flamenco'. In 'Flamenco' cultivar, shipping temperature and precooling treatment were not effective in firmness and soluble solids contents during transporting periods. However, in 'Goha' cultivar, room cooling treatment and low shipping temperature were effective in maintaining firmness until 4 days after shipping. Especially titratable acidity was affected by shipping temperature ($P{\leq}0.001$) and precooling treatments ($P{\leq}0.05$) in 'Goha' cultivar. Also shipping temperature under $8^{\circ}C$ delayed coloring and decay incidence of both strawberry cultivars, and precooling treatments of both forced air and room cooling reduced frequency of decay. The shelf life of everbearing strawberry at low shipping temperature was extended more than 4 days compared with shipping at room temperature. Precooling treatment including forced air or room cooling will be useful for the two cultivars when they are transported at low temperature. In 'Flamenco' cultivar, the effect of forced air and room cooling was similar, whereas in 'Goha' room cooling was more effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.288-295
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• 2010

Metal exposure experiments using polychaete (Perinereis nuntia) as a bio-indicator of trace metals contamination were conducted to evaluate the bioaccumulation and the biomarkers responses such as metallothionein-like protein (MTLPs) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) which was simultaneously exposed to Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu). Cu and Cd concentrations in polychaete were enhanced with increasing exposure time and their concentrations of aqueous medium. Initial accumulation of Cd was higher than that of Cu. Our results showed that the bioaccumulation of Cu and Cd were prohibited, especially at higher Cu levels, suggesting the different cellular uptake mechanisms when Cu and Cd are co-exist. Net accumulation rate of Cu was declined with exposure time but it did not show any significant change for Cd. Although the highest MTLPs concentration was observed at 6 hr of exposure time, it did not show any significant change related to exposure times and metals concentrations. An increase of GST activity tended to increase as a function of exposure time and metals concentrations. And GST activities in P. nuntia have similar tendency with bioconcentration factors in high concentration of Cu (treatment group IV) at post 24 h of exposure. Our results provide new information of the bioaccumulation and biomarker responses to understand the effects of co-existing contaminants (Cu and Cd) using polychaete. Further studies are required to elucidate the bioaccumulation and biomarkers responses for various contaminants.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.657-665
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• 2017

This study is for checking the possibility of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle by using ethanol extract of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome. We extracted Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome with 95% ethanol and then in order to evaluate anti-oxidant activity we treated samples by concentrations (100, 500, 1000) ${\mu}g/mL$ and carried out 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and The activity of 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging. Also, in order to evaluate effect of anti-wrinkle we carried out evaluation of Elastase inhibitory activity. To evaluate effect of anti-inflammatory we evaluated toxicity of samples through MTT assay with a macrophage (Raw 264.7 cells) and measured nitric oxide production inhibitory activity. As a result, DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ was 66.7% and 99.5%, respectively and ABTS + radical scavenging activity was 51.2% and 98.3% at the same concentration, respectively. Elastase inhibitory activity results showed that the nodes of the Lotus Rhizom extract excellent anti-wrinkle efficacy than Lotus Rhizom. Node of Lotus Rhizome showed higher anti-wrinkle activity than the positive the control group BHT at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. According to the result of nitric oxide production inhibitory activity, Lotus Rhizom showed 55.8% effect and nodes of the Lotus Rhizom showed 66.6% effect respectively. This showed that effect of anti-inflammatory was greater in nodes of the Lotus Rhizom extracts. As a result it suggests that Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome extracts can be used as natural substance of cosmetics which are safe in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-wrinkle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.913-921
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• 2011

This study examined the overall feasibility of low carbon green village formed in rural area. The check method is analyzing its environmental and economic feasibility and energy self-reliance. The biomass of the villages was set as 28 ton/day of livestock feces and 2 ton/day of cut fruit tree branches which make up the total of 30 ton/day. The facility consisted of a bio gasfication facility using wet (livestock feces) biomass and combined heat power generator, composting facility and wood boiler using dry (cut fruit tree branches) biomass. When operating the system, 540,540 kWh/yr of electricity and 1,762 Gcal/yr of heat energy was produced. The region's electricity energy and heat energy self-reliance rate will be 100%. The economic feasibility was found as a loss of 140 million won where the facility installation cost is 5.04 billion won, operation cost is 485.09 million won and profit is 337.12 million won. There will be a loss of about 2.2 billion won in 15 years but in the environmental analysis, it was found that crude replacement effect is about 178 million won, greenhouse gas reduction effect is about 92 million won making up the total environmental benefit of 270 million won. This means, there will be a yearly profit of about 130 million won. In terms of its environmental and economic feasibility and energy self-reliance, this project seemed to be a feasible project in overall even if it manages to get help from the government or local government.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2003

The 1080 epiphytic bacteria obtained from 370 samples of pome and stone fruits including apple, pear, peach, grape, apricot and Chinese quince were screened for antagonistic activity against postharvest pathogens, Penicillium expansum, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea. Among tested antagonistic bacteria, eight bacterial isolates inhibited mycelial growth of the postharvest pathogens and were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (three strains), B. megaterium, B. subtilis var. gladioli, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus and Serratia marcescens based on biochemical characteristics and utility of carbon and nitrogen compounds (Biolog system). Eight carbohydrates were evaluated for their effect on mycelial growth and germination of the postharvest pathogen, P. expansum to select nutrients for enhancing bio-control efficacy. The growth of four selected antagonists, B. amyloliquefaciens P43-2, B. amyloliquefaciens A71-2, B. licheniformis P94-1, and S. marcescens P76-9 were also tested. As a result, 1% glucose (w/v) strongly stimulated growth of the antagonists, suppressed mycelial growth of the postharvest pathogen, and had a little comparatively stimulatory effect on germination of the the postharvest pathogen. It was confirmed that the addition of 1% glucose (w/v) greatly enhanced biocontrol effect of B. amyloliquefaciens P43-2, B. licheniformis P94-1, and S. marcescens P76-9. Application of B. amyloliquefaciens P43-2, B. licheniformis P94-1, and S. marcescens P76-9 with the addition of 1% glucose (w/v) increased the control efficacy up to 48%, 46%, 14% compared with those of the antagonists without glucose, respectively. When the antagonists were applied to control postharvest disease caused by P. expansum in apple wounds, the population of B. amyloliquefaciens P43-2 and B. licheniformis P94-1 increased until 4 days after inoculation (DAI) of the antagonists and then decreased from 10 DAI. Meanwhile the population of S. marcescens P76-9 decreased at early stage (4 DAI), but increased from 7 DAI, and finally maintained constantly until 10 DAI in apple wounds.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2009

The slime flounder Microstomus achne were caught at Geomun Island, Yosu-si, Jeollanamdo from January to March in 2006. The fertilized eggs were observed for morphological development of egg, embryo and larva. Eggs were colorless transparent, separative pelagic, absent of oil globule, and the diameter was 1.64${\pm}$0.03 mm (n=50). The eggs were hatched at 168 hours 40 minutes after fertilization in the range of $9.8\sim13.0^{\circ}C$ (mean $11.4{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$). Total length of newly hatched larva was 4.05${\pm}$0.18 mm (n=20). The larva had developed membranous fin showing waterdrop-shaped structure, and their mouth and anus were not open. The myotomes were 14~15+33~34=47~49. The egg yolks were 1.64${\pm}$0.12 mm in major axis, and 1.23${\pm}$0.19 mm in minor axis. At 12 days after hatching, the total length was 7.32${\pm}$0.42 mm(n=20). The egg yolk was completely absorbed and transferred to post larval stage. Star-shaped melanophores and branch-shaped xanthophores in the edge of membranous fin were more densed. Chrysanthemum-shaped melanophores in the notochord were densed and formed 4~5 melanophore bands. At 90~93 days after hatching, morphological features of the larva, 19.91${\pm}$1.63 mm TL(n=20), were transferred to juvenile stage showing similar features with those of the adult fish.