• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2011

In planning a model-based phylogenic study for highly related ethnic data, the SNP marker number is an important factor to determine for relationship inferences. Genotype frequency data, utilizing a sub sampling method, from 63 Pan Asian ethnic groups was used for determining the minimum SNP number required to establish such relationships. Bootstrap random sub-samplings were done from 5.6K PASNPi SNP data. DA distance was calculated and neighbour-joining trees were drawn with every re-sampling data set. Consensus trees were made with the same 100 sub-samples and bootstrap proportions were calculated. The tree consistency to the one obtained from the whole marker set, improved with increasing marker numbers. The bootstrap proportions became reliable when more than 7,000 SNPs were used at a time. Within highly related ethnic groups, the minimum SNPs number for a robust neighbor-joining tree inference was about 7,000 for a 95% bootstrap support.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2005

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts have the ability to renew themselves and to differentiate into cell types of all lineage. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the Wnt signaling pathway is related to maintaining self-renewal of hESCs. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, BIO ((2'Z,3'E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime) was treated to Miz-hES1 line for activation of Wnt signaling pathway. BIO-nontreated hESCs (control) and BID-treated hESCs were cultured for 5 days in the modified feeder-free system. During the culture of hESCs, differences were observed in the colony morphology between 2 groups. Controls were spread outwards whereas BIO-nontreated hESCs were clumped in the center and the differentiated cells were spreading outwards in the edges. The results of stem cell specific marker staining indicated that control were differentiated in large part whereas BIO-treated hESCs maintain self-renewal in the center of the colony. The results of lineage marker staining suggested that outer cells of the hESC colony were differentiated to the neuronal progenitor cells in both control and BIO-treated hESC. These results indicate that Wnt signaling is related to self-renewal in hESCs. In addition, control group showed higher composition of apoptotic cells $(23.76\%)$ than the BID-treated group $(5.59\%)$. These results indicate that BIO is effective on antapoptosis of hESCs.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-101
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• 1995

지표-형질의 상관은 우량 개체 선발과 유전획득량의 증대를 위해 임목 육종에서 해결되어야 할 중요한 과제 중의 하나로 최근 분자유전학적 수준에서의 임의 증폭 다형 디엔에이 (RAPD) 기술의 발달로 이의 해결이 눈 앞에 다가왔다. 호주 퀸즈랜드산림청과 퀸즈랜드대 임목생물공학연구소가 공동 연구하고 있는 슬래쉬소나무, 카리비아소나무 및 그 교잡종에 있어 이 기술을 이용한 수피 두께에 대한 연구 및 육종 계획 전략을 소개한다. 1대 잡종에서 186개의 지표를 포함한 총 길이 1641cM의 16개 연관군의 유전적 지도가 작성되었고, 이 연관군 지도에 수피 두께를 지배하는 6개의 유전자좌가 추정되었다. 또한, 유전적 지표를 이용한 조기 선발을 위해 먼저 중요 형질을 지배하는 유전자들에 대한 종 특성 유전적 지표를 결정하고, 다음 여러가지 대립유전자형에 대한 지표-대립유전자 상관을 구명하는 2단계 전략이 제시되었다. 소나무류는 발아시 양료로 쓰이는 자성배우체는 모수에서 유래하나, 접합자인 배는 양친수로부터 유래하므로 이러한 이질적 유전 조성을 갖인 종자의 발달을 이용한 RAPD 지표와 형질의 상관 연구는 배 단계에서도 우량 개체의 선발을 가능하게 하여 소나무류 육종의 장래를 밝게 하고 있다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.130-132
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• 2005

Genomics research has two ultimate applied goals: to Isolate and clone genes of economic importance for bio-technology and gene-assisted selection (GAS), and to locate and use markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in selective breeding programs. To this end, we have identified linked markers for feed conversion efficiency growth rate, and disease resistance to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Three microsatellite markers Ip266, Ip384, and Ip607 were identified to be linked to feed conversion efficiency. Similarly one marker each was identified to be linked to growth rate (Ip607) and disease resistance to ESC (Ip477). Ip607 marker linked to both growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, indicating that the QTL for both growth rate and feed conversion efficiency may either be the same or located in the same chromosomal region in the catfish genome. On phenotypic evaluation, certain traits such as growth rate can be accurately evaluated by body weight evaluation while other traits such as disease resistance can be quite complex. The linked DNA markers will be highly useful for MAS programs and for directing further efforts of genomic mapping for important quantitative traits.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2009

조류에서 미토콘드리아내 유전자인 cytochrome c oxidase I(COI)는 종 구분을 위한 바이오마커로 많이 이용이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 이 유전자의 변이를 이용하여 닭의 품종 구분이 가능한지를 실험하기 위하여 실시하였다. 그 결과 한국 재래닭은 공시축으로 사용한 산란계인 White Leghorn과 육계인 Cornish가 가지고 있는 단일염기다형을 모두 가지고 있는 것으로 판명되어 품종구분을 위한 마커로 사용하기에는 적합하지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 본 연구 결과를 통하여 한국재래계가 육계와 산란계의 특성을 모두 가지고 있다는 기존의 학설을 뒷받침하였으며, 품종 구분을 위하여 미토콘드리아와 genomic DNA 유래 단일염기다형 선발의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.31.1-31.6
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to develop an efficient selectable marker for transgenic Dunaliella salina. Results: Tests of the sensitivity of D. salina to the antibiotic chloramphenicol and the herbicide Basta$^{(R)}$ showed that cells ($1.0{\times}10^6cells/ml$) treated with 1000 or $1500{\mu}g/ml$ chloramphenicol died in 8 or 6 days, respectively, whereas D. salina cells ($1.0{\times}10^6cells/ml$) treated with 5, 10, 20, or $40{\mu}g/ml$ Basta$^{(R)}$ died in 2 days. Therefore, D. salina is more sensitive to Basta$^{(R)}$ than to chloramphenicol. To examine the possibility of using the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (pat) gene as a selectable marker gene, we introduced the pat genes into D. salina with particle bombardment system under the condition of helium pressure of 900 psi from a distance of 3 cm. PCR analysis confirmed that the gene was stably inserted into the cells and that the cells survived in $5{\mu}g/ml$ Basta$^{(R)}$, the medium used to select the transformed cells. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the pat gene can be used as an efficient selectable marker when producing transgenic D. salina.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.17-17
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• 2006

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2006

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) exhibit strong Raman signals as well as fluorescence emissions in the near infrared regions where most biomolecules are transparent. Such signals do not blink or photobleach under prolonged excitation. which is advantageous to optical nano-bio marker applications. In this paper, single walled carbon nanotubes are conjugated with specific types of single-stranded DNA in order to detect oligonucleotides of corresponding complimentary sequences. Dot blotting experiments and comparative Raman spectroscopy observations demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity of carbon nanotube-DNA probes. The results show the possibility of using SWNT as generic nano-bio markers for the precise detection of specific kinds of genes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.502-509
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• 2005

Sexual reproduction plays an important role in the biology and epidemiology of oomycete plant pathogens such as the heterothallic species Phytophthora infestans. Recent worldwide dispersal of A2 mating type strains of P. infestans resulted in increased virulence, gene transfer, and genetic variation, creating new challenges for disease management. To develop a genetic assay for mating type identification in P. infestans, we used the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique. The primer combination E+AT/M+CTA detected a fragment specific to A1 mating type (Mat-A1) of P. infestans. This fragment was cloned and sequenced, and a pair of primers (INF-1, INF-2) were designed and used to differentiate P. infestans Mat-A1 from Mat-A2 strains. The Mat A1-specific fragment was detected using Southern blot analysis of PCR products amplified with primers INF-1 and INF-2 from genomic DNA of 14 P. infestans Mat-A1 strains, but not 13 P. infestans Mat-A2 strains or 8 other isolates representing several Phytophthora spp. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs of P. infestans isolates revealed a 1.6 kb restriction enzyme (EcoRI, BamHI, AvaI)-fragment only in Mat-A1 strains. The A1 mating type-specific primers amplified a unique band under stringent annealing temperatures of $63^{\circ}C-64^{\circ}C$, suggesting that this PCR assay could be developed into a useful method for mating type determination of P. infestans in field material.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

목적 : 유방암 환자에서 근치적 유방 절제술 후 재발의 발견에 대한 CA 15-3의 역할을 평가하고 재발된 환자에서 전이 부위에 따른 CA 15-3의 관계를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법 : CA 15-3 값이 측정된 환자 중 원발성 유방암으로 근치적 유방 절제술을 시행 받았으며 분석하고자 하는 모든 임상적, 병리학적 인자에 대한 정보가 의무 기록에 기재되고 최소한 3개월간 외래 추적이 가능하였던 202명을 대상으로 분석하였다. CA 15-3은 IRMA 15-3 키트(CIS BIO INTERNATIONAL, France)로 정량적으로 측정하여 정상 상한값을 30 U/ml으로 정하였다. 결과: 근치적 유방 절제술 후 재발을 진단하는 CA 15-3의 진단 성적은 예민도 31%(5/16), 특이도 100%(186/186), 양성 예측도 100%(5/5), 음성 예측도 94%(186/197)이었다. 재발 환자에서 전이 부위에 따른 CA 15-3의 진단 성적을 비교하면 간전이가 관찰된 환자의 CA 15-3값은 모두 상승하여 간전이의 진단에 대한 CA 15-3의 예민도는 100%로 매우 좋았다. 그러나 골전이 또는 국소지역전이만 관찰된 환자의 CA 15-3 값은 정상으로 골전이 또는 국소지역전이의 진단에 대한 CA 15-3 검사는 유용하지 않았다. 결론: 유방암 환자에서 근치적 유방 절제술 후 재발의 발견에 대한 CA 15-3의 진단 성적은 매우 좋은 특이도를 보였으나 예민도는 낮았다. 그러나 비교적 예후가 불량하다고 알려진 간전이로 첫 재발한 환자의 CA 15-3 값은 모두 증가되어 유방암 환자에서 CA 15-3의 측정은 간전이 발견에 매우 유용하였다.