• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2017

Objective: From a review of published information on genetic association studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the influence of the genes ${\kappa}-casein$ (CSN3) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (LGB) on milk yield traits in Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Fleckvieh. Methods: The GLIMMIX procedure was used to analyze milk production and percentage of protein and fat in milk. Models included the main effects and all their possible two-way interactions; not estimable effects and non-significant (p>0.05) two-way interactions were dropped from the models. The three traits analyzed used Poisson distribution and a log link function and were determined with the Interactive Data Analysis of SAS software. Least square means and multiple mean comparisons were obtained and performed for significant main effects and their interactions (p<0.0255). Results: Interaction of breed by gene showed that Holstein and Fleckvieh were the breeds on which CSN3 ($6.01%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.98%{\pm}0.22%$), and LGB ($6.02%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.70%{\pm}0.22%$) have the greatest influence. Interaction of breed by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that Holstein and Jersey showed greater influence of the CSN3 AA genotype, $6.04%{\pm}0.22%$ and $5.59%{\pm}0.31%$ than the other genotypes, while LGB AA genotype had the largest influence on the traits analyzed, $6.05%{\pm}0.20%$ and $5.60%{\pm}0.19%$, respectively. Furthermore, interaction of type of statistical model by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that CSN3 and LGB genes had similar behavior, maintaining a difference of more than 7% across analyzed genotypes. These results could indicate that both Holstein and Jersey have had lower substitution allele effect in selection programs that include CSN3 and LGB genes than Brown Swiss and Fleckvieh. Conclusion: Breed determined which genotypes had the greatest association with analyzed traits. The mixed model based in Bayesian or Ridge Regression was the best alternative to analyze CSN3 and LGB gene effects on milk yield and protein and fat percentages.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2001

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been rapidly increased in parallel with the westernization of eating behavior in Korea. Increased consumption of animal fat and simple sugar can be potential contributors for insulin resistance. The purpose of the study was to determine whether Western-(WD) and Korean-style(KD) diets altered insulin secretion and insulin resistance in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats weighing 98$\pm$5g were provided by KD(77 En% of starch, 5 En% of corn oil and 13 En% of gluten plus 5 En% of casein), WD(42 En% of starch, 40 En% of butter and 18% of casein) or control diet(62 En% of starch, 20 En% of corn oil and 18% of casein) for 12 weeks. Body weights were lower in KD compared to WD. Fasting blood glucose levels were not different among diets. Insulin secretion from the beta cells was higher by 2.2$\pm$0.4 folds in WD than KD at baseline. In hyperglycemic clamp insulin secretion was higher in WD than KD and CD. Whole body glucose disposal rates referred to the state of insulin sensitivity were lowest in WD among groups. Glycogen deposits in soleus and quadriceps muscles were lowest in WD among all groups, but their triglyceride contents were highest. GLUT4 contents and glycogen synthase were lowest in WD in both muscles. In conclusions, westernization of diets needed more insulin to normalization of blood glucose levels due to increased insulin resistance. Thus, WD would lead to increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus when increased insulin resistance could not be compensated by insulin secretion in the case of elevated blood glucose levels. (Korean J Nutriton 34(5) : 485~492, 2001)

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009년도 학술논문요약집
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• pp.84-85
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• 2009

New approaches for detecting, preventing and remedying environmental damage are important for protection of the environment. Procedures must be developed and implemented to reduce the amount of waste produced in chemical processes, to detect the presence and/or concentration of contaminants and decontaminate fouled environments. Contamination can be classified into three general types: airborne, surface and structural. The most dangerous type is airborne contamination, because of the opportunity for inhalation and ingestion. The second most dangerous type is surface contamination. Surface contamination can be transferred to workers by casual contact and if disturbed can easily be made airborne. The decontamination of the surface in the nuclear facilities has been widely studied with particular emphasis on small and large surfaces. The amount of wastes being produced during decommissioning of nuclear facilities is much higher than the total wastes cumulated during operation. And, the process of decommissioning has a strong possibility of personal's exposure and emission to environment of the radioactive contaminants, requiring through monitoring and estimation of radiation and radioactivity. So, it is important to monitor the radioactive contamination level of the nuclear facilities for the determination of the decontamination method, the establishment of the decommissioning planning, and the worker's safety. But it is very difficult to measure the surface contamination of the floor and wall in the highly contaminated facilities. In this study, the poly(styrene-ethyl acrylate) [poly(St-EA)] core-shell composite polymer for measurement of the radioactive contamination was synthesized by the method of emulsion polymerization. The morphology of the poly(St-EA) composite emulsion particle was core-shell structure, with polystyrene (PS)as the core and poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) as the shell. Core-shell polymers of styrene (St)/ethyl acrylate (EA) pair were prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SOS) as an emulsifier using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The polymer was made by impregnating organic scintillators, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 1,4-bis[5-phenyl-2-oxazol]benzene (POPOP). Related tests and analysis confirmed the success in synthesis of composite polymer. The products are characterized by IT-IR spectroscopy, TGA that were used, respectively, to show the structure, the thermal stability of the prepared polymer. Two-phase particles with a core-shell structure were obtained in experiments where the estimated glass transition temperature and the morphologies of emulsion particles. Radiation pollution level the detection about under using examined the beta rays. The morphology of the poly(St-EA) composite polymer synthesized by the method of emulsion polymerization was a core-shell structure, as shown in Fig. 1. Core-shell materials consist of a core structural domain covered by a shell domain. Clearly, the entire surface of PS core was covered by PEA. The inner region was a PS core and the outer region was a PEA shell. The particle size distribution showed similar in the range 350-360 nm.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1994

The study was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous(iv) and intramuscular(im) administration (10mg/kr) in healthy rabbits. The results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Bioassay (Bacillus cereus 11778) was evaluated very useful for the determination of oxytetracycline(OTC) in the rabbit serum and tissues, with the detection limit of $0.125{\mu}g/ml$. 2. The pharmacokinetic profiles of OTC (10mg/kg, iv) in rabbits were best described with a two compartment open model $(C=29.5e^{-4,3t}{\pm}3.6^{-0.2t})$, whereas that of OTC (10mg/kg, im) showed a one compartment curve fitting. 3. Following iv administration, a rapid distribution phase was predominant [$t_{\frac{1}{2}}({\alpha}):1.43{\pm}0.98hr$ (♂), $0.5{\pm}0.1hr$(♀)], and then more slow elimination phase ensued [$t_{\frac{1}{2}}({\beta}):4.52{\pm}0.76hr$(♂), $7.32{\pm}2.52hr$(♀)]. Other computer generated pharmacokinetic values were as follows:C1 [$67.76{\pm}18.59ml/kg/h$(♂), $76.03{\pm}22.98ml/kg/h$ (♀)] Vd [$257.74{\pm}180.47ml/kg$ (♂), $92.33{\pm}23.62$ (♀)] AUC [$25.6{\pm}4.44mgh/L$ (♂), $39.6{\pm}12.13mgh/l$ (♀)]. There were no statistical significance between both sexes for all the parameters at the confidence level of 95%. 4. After im administaration, the absorption from the injection sites was very rapid [ Ka:$0.18{\pm}0.03h^{-1}$ (♂), $0.24{\pm}0.02h^{-1}$ (♀)] followed by a monoexponential elimination fashion. The time to peak blood level (Tmax) were calculated $1.64{\pm}0.15hr$ and $1.34{\pm}0.24hr$, in the male and female, respectively. The peak levels (Cmax) at the corresponding time were $1.69{\pm}0.23{\mu}g/ml$ (♂) and $2.08{\pm}0.16{\mu}g/ml$ (♀), with no statistical differences (p>0.05).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

A rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of N-(-4-Chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-chromanecarboxamide (KAL-1120), a novel anti-inflammation agent, in the rat plasma. The method was applied to analyze the compound in the biological fluids such as bile, urine and tissue homogenates. After liquid-liquid extraction, the compound was analyzed on an HPLC system with ultraviolet detection at 275 nm. HPLC was carried out using reversed-phase isocratic elution with a $C_{18}$ column, a mobile phase of a mixture of acetonitril (40 v/v%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The chromatograms showed good resolution and sensitivity and no interference of plasma. The calibration curve for the drug in plasma was linear over the concentration range of 0.05-50 ${\mu}g$/mL. The intra- and inter-day assay accuracies of this method ranged from 0.06% to 9.33% of normal values and the precision did not exceed 6.28% of relative standard deviation. The plasma concentration of KAL-1120 decreased to below the quantifiable limit at 1.5 hr after the i.v. bolus administration of 2-10 mg/kg to rats ($t_{1/2,({\alpha})}$ and $t_{1/2,({\beta})$ of 2.15 and 26.7 min at a dose of 2 mg/kg, 3.91 and 33.0 min at a dose of 10 mg/kg, respectively). The steady-state volume of distribution ($V_{dss}$) and the total body clearance ($CL_t$) were not significantly altered in rats given doses from 2 to 10 mg/kg. Of the various tissues tested, KAL-1120 was mainly distributed in the lung and heart after i.v. bolus administration. KAL-1120 was detected in the bile by 30 min after its i.v. bolus administration. However, the concentration in the urine after i.v. bolus administration became too low to measure, suggesting that KAL-1120 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, this analytical method was suitable for the preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of KAL-1120 in rats.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

해동피는 약리학적으로 진통, 소염작용이 있어, 허리와 무릎의 통증 등을 치료하는데 효과가 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 해동피(Kalopanax pictus)의 국산 및 중국산과 그 유사생약으로 사용되는 절동피(znthoxylum ailanthoides)의 국산과 중국산, 목면피(bombax malabaricum)의 $H_2O$ 및 70% EtOH 추출물의 항위염 효과와 항산화효과에 대해 알아보았다. 먼저 HCl EtOH로 유발한 흰쥐위염 모델을 통해 효과를 확인하였고, 위염 및 위궤양, 위암의 원인으로 잘 알려진 H. pylori에 대한 colony 억제작용과 대표적 공격인자인 과다한 산에 대한 억제작용을 확인 하고자 제산력 시험법을 실시하였다. 항위염 효과에 대한 항산화 기전으로는 DPPH 시험법, 환원력 시험법, ${\beta}$-carotene/linoleic acid syetem을 이용한 지질과산화 억제활성 시험을 실시하였고, 실험에 사용한 추출물 중 가장 효과가 우수한 해동피 국산 추출물을 이용하여 superoxide radical 및 hydrogen peroxide 소거 작용을 확인하였다. Indomethacin으로 유발한 흰쥐 위궤양 모델에서는 해동피 국산 $H_2O$ 및 70% EtOH 추출물에서 각각 73.1%, 53.5%로 손상을 억제시킴을 확인하였다. 흰쥐를 이용한 gastric secretion 실험으로는 해동피 국산 $H_2O$ 및 70% EtOH 추출물이 위액의 분비를 줄이고, pH를 상승 시켰으며 총 산도를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 해동피국산 및 중국산, 절동피국산 및 중국산, 목면피중국산 해동피의 항산화 효과가 가장 우수하였으며 해동피 국산은 위염 및 위궤양에서 우수한 효과를 확인하였고, 건강 기능성 식품 및 천연물 의약품으로서의 개발 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 이 결과를 토대로 오랜 세월 한약재로 사용되어 온 해동피의 기원이 다른 유사품 및 불량약재의 무분별한 유통, 정확한 기원의 약재에 대한 기준 설정, 높아지는 한약재 수입 의존도에 따른 위품, 저질품의 혼입 방지와 객관적, 신뢰성 있는 표준규격 설정에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.36-48
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• 2008

To repair bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial field, bone grafts including autografts, allografts, and artificial bone are used in clinical dentistry despite several disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new bone formation and healing in rat calvarial bone defects using hydroxyapatite (HA, $Ca_{10}[PO_4]_6[OH]_2,\;Bongros^{(R)}$, Bio@ Co., KOREA) and tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}-TCP,\;Ca_3[PO_4]_2$, Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) mixed at various ratios. Additionally, this study evaluated the effects of type I collagen (Rat tail, BD Biosciences Co., Sweden) as a basement membrane organic matrix. A total of twenty, 8-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300g, were divided equally into a control group (n=2) and nine experimental groups (n=2, each). Bilateral, standardized transosseous circular calvarial defects, 5.0 mm in diameter, were created. In each experimental group, the defect was filled with HA and TCP at a ratio of 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, and 0:100 with or without type I collagen. Rats were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks post-operation for radiographic (standardized plain film, Kodak Co., USA), histomorphologic (H&E [Hematoxylin and Eosin], MT [Masson Trichrome]), immunohistochemical staining (for BMP-2, -4, VEGF, and vWF), and elementary analysis (Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer AAnalyst $100^{(R)}$). As the HA proportion increased, denser radiopacity was seen in most groups at 4 and 8 weeks. In general radiopacity in type I collagen groups was greater than the non-collagen groups, especially in the 100% HA group at 8 weeks. No new bone formation was seen in calvarial defects in any group at 4 weeks. Bridging bone formation from the defect margin was marked at 8 weeks in most type I collagen groups. Although immunohistochemical findings with BMP-2, -4, and VEGF were not significantly different, marked vWF immunoreactivity was present. vWF staining was especially strong in endothelial cells in newly formed bone margins in the 100:0, 80:20, and 70:30 ratio type I collagen groups at 8 weeks. The calcium compositions from the elementary analysis were not statistically significant. Many types of artificial bone have been used as bone graft materials, but most of them can only be applied as an inorganic material. This study confirmed improved bony regeneration by adding organic type I collagen to inorganic HA and TCP mixtures. Therefore, these new artificial bone graft materials, which are under strict storage and distribution systems, will be suggested to be available to clinical dentistry demands.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.767-774
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• 1995

방사성 동위원소 추적자를 포함한 모의폐기물의 시험소각을 통하여 $^{60}$Co, $^{54}$Mn 및 $^{137}$Cs의 소각공정에서의 거동을 고찰하였다. 공정 내에서 비휘발성 방사성 핵종들인 $^{60}$Co 및 $^{54}$Mn의 거동은 입자상 물질의 거동과 유사하였다. $^{60}$Co 및 $^{54}$Mn의 제염계수(DF) 는 각각 4.7$\times$$10^{5}$ 및 6.2$\times$$10^{5}$ 이었다. 반휘발성인 핵종의 거동은 소각온도의 의존성을 보여주었다. 반휘발성 $^{137}$Cs의 제염계수는 85$0^{\circ}C$ 및 $700^{\circ}C$ 의 다른 소각온도에서 각각 2.8$\times$$10^3$, 2.6$\times$$10^4$이었다. 원자력 발전소(NPS) 고리 3, 4호 기에서 운반된 건조 방사성폐기물(DAW)에 대한 시험소각도 실시하였다. 폐기물에 포함된 총 베타 /감마 방사능에 대한 제염계수가 1.1$\times$$10^{5}$ 이었다. 앞의 추적자 시험의 결과 및 건조 고체폐기물 내 핵종분포에 기준을 둔 예상제염계수보다 다소 높은 값을 보였다. 굴뚝에서의 배출농도는 0.019 Bq /N $m^3$으로 기체상 배출물에 대한 최대허용농도(MPC)를 만족시킬 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.444-455
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 CANDU-PHWR 형 기존 및 개량 핵연료의 원통형 (soild) 및 환상형 소결체에 대하여, 그 핵연료 전 수명 기간동안, 반경방향 출력분포를 정확하고 신속하게 계산하는 NEDAR 모형을 개발하였다. 본 계산모형에는 핵연료소결체의 직경 범위 8.0-19.5 mm, 농축도 범위 0.71-6.0 wt % U-235이고, 계산 가능 연소도범위가 0-840 Mwh/kgU (35000MWD/T)인 한계내에서, 핵연료 반경방향 출력분포결자식 및 열중성자속감소 계산결과자료가 포함되어 있다. CAN-DU-PHWR 형 원자로 중성자속 스펙트럼을 입력자료로 하여, 로물리 전산코드, CE-HAMMER 를 이용하여 핵연료의 각 설계조건 및 소결체의 환별 국부지점에 대하여, 임의로 설정한 기준 연소시점에서 반경 방향 출력 분포를 계산하였다. 이 계산 결과를 토대로 각 환의 평균출력을 구하는 적분법 및 비선형 곡선희귀계산법에 의하여, Bessel 함수와 지수함수의 다항식으로 구성된 반경방향 출력분포 기본 결과식 및 그 계수들이 산출되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 NEDAR 모형을 이용하여 산출한 반경방향출력분포값을, 핵연료소결체 표면에서의 값을 기본단위로 환산하여 비교하면, 본 의형에 의한 반경방향 출력분포 결과가 기존 ELESIM 전산코드의 결과에 비교하여 약간 높게 나타났다. 소결체의 반경방향의 출력 및 온도분포는 핵분열기체생성물방출과 밀접한 관계가 있으므로, 본 모형을 기존 ELESIM 전산코트의 반경방향 출력분포 계산 모형과 대체한 전산코트, 즉 KAFEPA-NEDAR에 의한 핵분열기체생 생성물방출량 예측치를 기존 ELESIM 전산코드의 예측치와 비교하였다. 여기서 KAFEPA-NEDAR리 예측치가 실험결과 자료에 보다 더 가깝게 접근하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 개 발된 NEDAR모형은 과대한 계산시간의 낭비없이 CANDU-PHWR 형 핵연료소결체의 반경방향출력분포를 효율적이고, 신속/정착하게 계산하는 모형임이 입증되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.386-396
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• 2005

The effects of spirulina-added salad dressing on lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers such as total glutathionine, TBARS value, carbonyl value, GPx, GR, SOD and paraoxonase activity in plasma or liver of mice were evaluated Sixteen male ICR mice weighing 20$\pm$2 g were divided into two groups and fed low fat ($5\%$ fat) diet (low fat control: LFC) and low fat control plus dressing diet (LFD) for eight weeks. Body weight, tissue weights of liver, heart and kidney, and the distribution of body fat deposition were not significantly different between two groups. Also, the profile of TG, TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol were similar between two groups. The DNA damage was determined using the comet assay (single cell gel assay) with alkaline electrophoresis and quantified by measuring tail length (TL). Spirulina salad dressing consumption resulted in significant decrease in lymphocyte DNA damage expressed by TL (LFC: $28.8{\mu}m$, LFD: $20.3{\mu}m$). Additionally, salad dressing consumption for 8 wks decreased the lipid peroxidation assayed by TBARS to $12.6\%$ compared with the control. The levels of antioxidant vitamins such as $\beta$-carotene were significantly higher in plasma of LFD group than those in LFC group based on HPLC method This study shows that spirulina-added salad dressing exerts degenerative disease-protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via a free radical levels.