• 환경생물
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2012

Spills of $M/V$ Hebei Spirit on $7^{th}$ December 2007 caused a seriously damage to the ecosystem of Korean coast. Of these, microbial communities (i.e., attached benthic micro-algae) were reported to be sentive to the environmental change so it can be used for ecological risk assessment. Our experiment was designed to examine the ecological risk assessments for oil pollutant using benthic attached algal community on the artificial substrates of acrylic plates. Field monitoring in the culture system was conducted in Jangmok Bay. The abundances of attached micro-algae on artificial substrates gradually increased with increasing of sampling times. Among them, diatoms were the most important colonizer of coastal water, with the genera $Cylindrotheca$ and $Navicular$ most abundant. In particular, developed the culture system has correctly measured qualitative and quantitative abundance of attached micro-algae because same acrylic plates as artificial substrates were used. Thus, this culture system may be directly applied to the ecological risk experiments of microbial community structure from oil pollutants.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.268-275
• /
• 2009

The survival and growth of marine benthic invertebrate larvae such as abalone depend on the nutritional value of micro algae. However, it is difficult to determine the dietary value of the many microalgal species used for food by benthic larvae. Therefore, we tested the benthic copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, which grazes microalgae on substrata in a manner similar to abalone larvae. It also has short generation time and is easy to rear which makes to be easier to examine the dietary value of each micro algal species. We measured the daily production of nauplii from gravid females of T. japonicus fed 26 microalgal species separately. Amino acid and fatty acid content of the micro algae and the copepod was also analyzed. The nauplii production of T. japonicus was the highest (10.7) when they were fed Navicula sp. (B-394) and the lowest (0.8) when they were fed Scrippsiella trochoidea. In Tetraselmis suecica the nauplii production was so high (8.2), which was not significantly different with the diatom group. We determined that Navicula sp. (B-394), Rhaphoneis sp. and T. suecica were good sources of food for T. japonicus. We suggest that a diet of with a mixture of these three micro algal species may be also good for invertebrate larvae such as abalone.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 2006

Amphora costata W. Smith 1853 is a down thrown diatom species and also known as metal corrosive ship-fouling organism. A. costata was isolated from Alang ship breaking yard, Alang and evaluated the toxicity tolerance and growth responses of the cultures exposed to different doses of toxic and relatively accessible heavy metals, such as Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in the constantly monitored laboratory culture conditions. The strongest toxic effect was observed on A. costata exposed to Cd even at relatively low concentrations as compared to other metals. The following trend of decreasing order of toxicity i.e. Cd>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Cu>Fe was observed, when they were exposed to equal concentration and expose time.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 2007

This study is intended to clarify the effects of heated effluents on intertidal benthic marine algal community in Korea. The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canal of Gori nuclear power plant on the southeastern coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 2001 to October 2006. As a result, 54 species (7 blue-green, 12 green, 9 brown and 26 red algae) of marine algae were found at the discharge canal during the past six years. In general, the number of species observed was abundant during winter to spring and less in autumn. Enteromorpha compressa, E. intestinalis, E. prolifera and Caulacanthus ustulatus were common species found more than 80% frequency during the study period. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 1-440 g dry wt m–2 and dominant species in biomass were Enteromorpha spp. (contribution to a total biomass proportion 28%), Sargassum horneri (14%) and Amphiroa beauvoisii (14%). It is evident from the floristic composition and biomass data that unique micro-environment of the discharge canal support different communities from those on the intake or control area. Results from the large numbers of surveys before and during plant operation showed that, in the regions influenced by thermal effluents such as the discharge canal of power plants, the process of ecological succession has been proceeded. It is assumed that the uni-directional water flow and the time of overhaul largely affect the development and succession of benthic marine algal communities of the discharge canal.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 2005

Microphytobenthos bloom from late January to early March in Korean tidal flats. KOMPSAT-2 will provide multi-spectral images with a spatial resolution of 4 m comparable with IKONOS. Using IKONOS and Landsat data, algal mat detection was tested in the Saemangeum area~ Micro-benthic diatoms are abundant and a major primary product in the tidal flats. A linear spectral unmixing (LSU) method was applied to the test data. LSU was effective to detect algal mat and the classified algal mat fraction well correlated with NDVI image. Fine grained upper tidal flats are generally known to be the best environment for algal mat. Algal mat thriving in coarse grained lower tidal flats as well as upper tidal flats were reported in this study. A high resolution multi-spectral sensor in KOMPSAT-2 will provide useful data for long-term monitoring of microphytobenthos in tidal flats.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2006

Benthic diatoms are known as a good food for shellfish in nature and in commercial hatchery of Jeju Island, Korea. Grammatophora marina is commonly found as dominant benthic micro-algae in Jeju coastal waters throughout the year. To know the best growth conditions of this species, culture was done in terms of three parameters; water temperature, salinity and nutrients. Each parameter was controlled by temperature of 15, 20 and 25°C; salinity of 25, 30 and 35 psu; and nutrient concentrations of 50, 100 and 200%. F/2 media was used with artificial seawater for the culture, which was continued for two weeks with L:D cycle 12:12 by using fluorescent light. Maximum specific growth rate was recorded 1.68 d–1 at temperature of 25°C with salinity of 35 psu and nutrient concentration of 200% on 6th day during the culture period. Maximum biomass was also observed 4.9 × 105 cells mL–1 in the same condition. This species may belong to the euryhaline and eutrophic habitat with warm condition. For nutritional aspects of this species, protein, lipid and carbohydrate were measured. The value of protein, lipid and carbohydrate was 4.96%, 15.82% and 5.65%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of 80% methanolic extract were 46.7%, 23.7% and 23.8% on DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylydrazy) radical, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, respectively. Percentage metal chelating activity was 81.2%. Enzymatic extracts of Alcalase and Ultraflow showed remarkable scavenging activities on DPPH radical (86.5% and 57.2%, respectively), and superoxide anion scavenging activities were 45.3% and 41.4% from Kojizyme and Viscozyme extracts, respectively. Extract of Protomex revealed 24.8% activity on hydrogen peroxide and Neutase showed 30.8% on hydroxyl radical scavenging effects. Celluclast and Viscozyme extracts showed 33.2% and 32.1% activities on nitric oxide scavenging, respectively, while Alcalase showed 61.5% on metal chelating. This species contains higher lipids among the biochemical compounds and higher metal chelating activities from both 80% methanolic and enzymatic extracts.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 2024

낙동강 하구에 위치한 대마등은 모래톱으로 형성되어 있으며, 잘 발달된 조간대 갯벌을 갖고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2011년 1월부터 12월까지 대마등 갯벌에서 저서미세조류의 서식환경, 광합성 색소와 광합성률을 알아보았다. 퇴적물 공극수의 무기질소는 주로 암모늄염이고, 상부 수의 무기질소는 주로 질산염+아질산염으로 나타났다. Chlorophyll a 및 Fucoxanthin 농도는 퇴적물 표층이, 전체 퇴적층 평균값보다 현저히 높았다. 전체 조사기간 중 저서미세조류의 최대양자수율의 평균값은 0.52±0.03이었으며, 최고값은 2월(0.61±0.08)에 관측되었다. 최대전자전달률은 봄부터 초가을(4월에서 10월까지)까지는 높고 겨울에서 초봄(1월에서 3월 및 11월, 12월)까지는 낮은 계절적인 경향을 보였고, 최고값은 7월, 최저값은 1월에 나타났다. 시간별 저서미세조류의 최대 양자수율의 평균값은 0.48±0.03이었으며, 최고값(0.61±0.08)은 정오에 관측되었다. 최대전자전달률은 정오에 최고 값과 16시에 최저값을 보였다. 이로써 저서미세조류의 생산성은 조사시간 및 퇴적물 깊이에 따라 현저한 차이가 나타나므로 Diving-PAM을 사용하여 저서미세조류의 생산성을 정량화하기 위해서는 물때를 기준으로 조사가 이루어져야 하며, 동시에 퇴적물 층별 색소분석도 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2001

HRP(high rate pond) which had kept the manufactured clay of 3cm-thickness as benthic clay in reactor and the 6 flat-blade turbine as impeller for agitation was named HRASP(high rate algae stabilization pond). And the experiment for treatment of artificial synthesis wastewater containing COD :300mg/$\ell$, NH$_3$-N : 300mg/$\ell$, T-P : 9mg/$\ell$ as nutrients was been performed successfully. This reactor was been operated under conditions : 24hrs.-irradiation and water temperature, $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 and agitation velocity, 15, 30, 45rpm and the effect of agitation velocity on algal bioaccumulation of nutrients was been studied with view point of fluid dynamics. The next followings could be obtained as results. 1. The agitation with a turbine impeller blade in HRASP makes clay particle indicate superior suspension effect by means of forming of excellent curl/shear flow in reactor. 2. The excessive suspension of clay particle which is created at 45rpm as rotation velocity of impeller blade of turbine disturbs the light penetration and algal photosynthesis reaction. 3. Efficiencies for removal of nutrients come out as COD : 93.9%~94.3%, ($NH_3-N + NO_3-N$) : 81.9%~99.0%, T-P : 46.8%~53.6%. 4. Kuo values of $K_1$for algal growth come out seperately as 15rpm : $1.876{\times}10^{-2}, 30rpm : 4.618{\times}10^{-3}$. 5. Kuo values of $K_2$for removal of N, P come out seperately as 15rpm : $8.403{\times}10^{-1}$ and $1.397{\times}10^{-1}$, 30rpm : $4.823{\times}10^{-1} and 2.052{\times}10^{-1}$. 6. It can be guessed easily that the excessive agitation can inhibit the algal and bacterial symbiotic reaction if it is considered that micro organism\` sense to preservation of life is relied on natural function of metabolism. Therefore the studies for this matter should be followed continuously.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.249-260
• /
• 1998

해수에 잠긴 인공기질 표면에서 미세조류의 부착과 후속적으로 나타나는 성장과정을 이해하기 위해 규조류의 부착과 주변수의 종 급원(species pool)과의 관계를 조사하였다. 1995년 7월부터 1997년 2월까지 인천항 내에서 아크릴 슬라이드를 이용하여 규조류의 부착에 관해 연구하였고, 주변 해수를 조사하였다. 또한 생물막 초기형성 과정에서 노출시간의 증가에 따라 나타나는 부착미세조류 군집의 종조성과 수도의 변화를 유리, 아크릴, 티타늄, 구리 및 생물오손방지 페인트로 도포된 슬라이드 등 다양한 인공기질 표면을 이용하여 조사하였다. 아크릴 슬라이드에서 규조류의 이입률은 주변수의 저서규조류의 수도변화와 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타냈으며 ($r^2$=0.78, p<0.01, n=42), 이는 주변수의 저서규조류의 수도에 의해 영향을 받는 것을 지시한다. 아크릴 슬라이드에서 봄철에 단배선 형태 규조류의 부착능력(이입계수)이 복배선 형태에 비해 5 배 높게 나타났다. 그러나 부착점유율은 단배선 형태가 복배선 형태에 비해 3 배 낮게 나타났다. 겨울철에는 중심형 규조류의 부착능력이 다른 형태들에 비해 높게 나타났고 부착점유율도 높게 나타났다. 이는 규조류의 부착이 주변해수에 출현한 저서 규조류의 수도 및 부착능력에 의한 결과임을 지시한다. 우상형 규조류가 연구기간동안 모든 인공기질 표면에 대부분 부착 출현하였고, 겨울철에는 중심형 규조류가 모든 인공기질 표면에 우정 부착하였다. 생물오손방지 페인트로 처리된 표면에서는 독성에 대한 내성이 강한 것으로 판단되는 Hantzschia virgata, Licmophora abbreviata, Melosira nummuloides가 우점하여 부착하였다. 노출시간이 증가함에 따라 부착규조류의 수도는 유리, 티타늄, 아크릴 슬라이드에서 지수적으로 증가하였고, 최대수도는 유리 ${\geq}$ 아크릴 > 티타늄 > 구리 ${\geq}$ 페인트처리 슬라이드의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 모든 인공기질 표면에서 부착규조류의 성장률은 $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$에서 보다 $24{\sim}25^{\circ}C$의 수온에서 높게 나타났고, 유리 슬라이드에서 다른 표면에 비해 전반적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 해수 중에서 노출시간의 증가에 따라 관찰된 우점종은 납작한 형태인 Amphora coffeaeformis, 부채꼴 형태인 Synedra tabulata, stalk 형태인 Licmophora paradoxa 그리고 사슬형태인 M. nummuloides로 나타났고, 부착미세조류 군집에서 미소천이(micro-succession)가 관찰되었다. 이러한 우점종 조성은 미세조류 생물막이 발달하여 서식공간이 제한됨에 따라 나타난 종 적응의 결과로 보인다.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.257-270
• /
• 1987

1982-1983년 진해항 및 마산만에서 발달하는 부착생물 군집을 슬라이드 글라스 및 浸漬基板실험에 의하여 연구하였다. 15일의 침적실험후 세균의 개체수는 1.7$\times$$10^{4}$CFU/$cm^{2}$로 산출되었고, 微小生物群集에서 발달한 저생 규조류 는 총 46분류군이었다. 부착생물군집의 順次的 변화과정을 명백히 볼 수 있었고, 우 점 규조류 종은 Licmophora flavellata, Navicula grevillei, 및 Nitzschia closterium 로 나타났다. 대형생물군집의 주요 종은 Mytilus edulis, Balanus amphitrite mphitrite, Hydroides ezoensis및Celleporina sp. 로서 5개월의 침적후에 500g/100cm $^{2}$이상의 생물량을 보였다. 두 조사해역에서의 군집발달양상이 큰 차이를 보이 는데 이는 주로 주변수의 물리화학적 안정성 및 영양상태에 기인하는 것으로 판단 된다. 부착생물군집의 발달과정은 유생의 생성시기 및 성장률에 매우 큰 영향을 받 는 것으로 밝혀졌고, 군집발달의 전 과정은 다음과 같이 요약이 된다. 세균 및 규조류-다세포해조류-따개비류, 홍합류 및 다모류-해면류, 말미잘류 및 해초류.