• Title/Summary/Keyword: bent-wood

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A Study on Bentwood Furniture Design - Focus on Steam Bending Technique -

  • Kim, Young-Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.222-231
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    • 2009
  • At researching the history of furniture design, furniture based on the bentwood technique was often seen. There are different bending ways of wood. Among others the steam bending technique had been used since long time, but it's detailed method has been much less studied in Korea yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the theoretical approach and making ways & process of the steam bending technique, and furthermore to utilize it for the works of the students majoring furniture design. This intends that the steam bending technique will be widely distributed by doing a mock up and it will be diversely used for development of more different furniture designs.

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Plasticization of Domestic Wood Treated with Liquid Amonia(I)-Equipment and Preliminary Test (액체암모니아를 이용한 국산재의 가소화(I) -처리장치 및 기초실험)

  • 강호양
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2000
  • Liquid ammonia treatment known as the most effective Wood plasticization method, was applied to two typical domestic species, Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata. Small specimens of 30mm width, 300mm length and two thicknesses, 5 or 10mm, were used. For 5mm thick Specimens, Pinus densiflora was quite well plasticized iker 4 hour liquid ammonia treatment, while Castanea crenata was not plasticized even after 4 hour treatment. Specimens of 10mm thick Pinus densiflora were hardly plasticized, but those with kerfs were bent somewhat easily, With the increase of liquid ammonia treatment time the thermal conductivity of Pinus densiflora increased, while that of Castanea crenata didn't Presteaming before liquid ammonia treatment didn't improve the plasticization of both species.

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Children's Bent Wooden Chair Design Using High Frequency Heat Molding Technique - Focused on Change of Kindergarten Environment -

  • Ryu, Eun-Seok;Choi, Kyung-Ran;Sung, Yun-Jung
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.230-238
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    • 2011
  • Consumers' expenditure is getting larger on children due to their parents' compensation for increase of double-income family life and decrease of birth rate caused by high economic growth. Increase of demand on children items in the market leads the necessity of development of furniture for children. This study is aimed to design children chairs that meet the environment for children. In this study, the age of children is defined to be 5~7 years old. In order to investigate what causes environment change, this study covers roughly change of environment, change of learning program and use of environment-friendly material. In such scope, we drew out the factors that the chairs for children shall be equipped with. Case studies were done through such drawn factors. The scope of the furniture for children is limited to the chairs for children among the ones made in either Korea or overseas. As a result, we could draw out such keyword of the furniture as storage, mobility, environment-friendly, object style image, preferred color, functionality and safety, based on which we could plan the design and make the final result through high frequency round molding manufacturing process.

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Anatomical Studies on the Features of Rays in Compression Wood of Korean Red Pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) (소나무(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 방사조직(放射組織) 특성(特性)에 관한 해부학적(解剖學的) 연구(硏究))

  • Chung, Youn Jib;Lee, Phil Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.78 no.2
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    • pp.119-131
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    • 1989
  • This experiment was executed to investigate and compare qualitative and quantitative anatomical features in compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood formed in a bent stem, a straight branch, and an exposed horizontal root of Korean red pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.). The respective four discs containing compression wood taken at 20cm interval both in stem and branch as well as a disc containing well developed compression wood from horizontal root were analyzed. Percentage of compression wood and eccentricity showed decreasing tendency with the increasing distance in height direction of stem and length direction of branch. The qualitative anatomical features of compression wood appeared to differ from those of side and opposite wood in very gradual tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood, roundish tracheid shape on cross surface, tracheid distortion at tip on radial surface, existence of intercellular space, and helical cavity in tracheid wall. And the differences in these qualitative features among the compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood became less intensive with the decreasing trends in percentage of compression wood and eccentricity. The quantitative anatomical features in compression wood also appeared to be wider in that respective widths of fusiform and uniseriate ray than those of opposite and side wood, but the heights of fusiform and uniseriate ray in compression wood were smaller than in opposite and side wood. The number of horizontal resin canal(fusiform ray) and uniseriate ray, however, showed no differences among the compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood. And the number of vertical resin canal in unit area, $4{\pi}mm^2$ of compression wood was fewer than that in opposite wood, whereas numerous vertical resin canals contained in a growth ring. These rays of compression wood seemed to be characterized by smaller height and wider width than those of opposite and side wood.

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A Study on the changes and chronological features of bentwood techniques of furniture design - Focus on the representative figures and examples that led the development of the bentwood technique - (가구디자인의 곡목기법 변천과 시대별 특징에 관한 연구 - 곡목 기법의 발전을 이끈 대표적 인물과 사례를 중심으로 -)

  • Kang, Hyun Dae;Kim, Chan Ung
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2014
  • The First bentwood chairs in the world, called "winsor chairs" were made by British craftsman in the 17th century. Since then, from the start of NO.14 using solid bentwood by 19th-century German Michael Thonet, furniture making techniques such as Bent knee, Y-leg, X-leg- were developed based on Llaminated bentwood made by Alvar Aalto of Finland in the 20th century. In the 20th century Charles Eames of the United States studied Molded plywood, using plywood to produce a variety of furniture and during the 17~20 century a variety of Bentwood were developed. Coming into the 21st century, American Matthias Pliessnig and Phil Seaton worked with past Bentwood designs, developing Bentwood further by adapting Bentwood's know-how and IT technology. Science and technology evolved and Reholz of Germany developed technology which can mold three-dimensional wood using a new matarial called 3D-veneer, In the past only plastic or metal could be moulded 3 dimensional but now beautiful wood grain patterns can be molded by utilizing this technology. Also this is comparable with the past two-dimensional molding technology. In this Sustainable Design techniauses era, Bentwood fused with IT technology has great potential as a high-tech and eco-friendly techniche.

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Evaluation of Bending Property on Principal Domestic Speciees (주요 국산수종의 휨가공성 평가)

  • Jung, In-Suk;Lee, Weon-Hee;Chang, Jun-Pok;Bae, Hyun-Mi
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to evaluate bending property on principal domestic species such as sargent cherry(Prunus sargentii), bitter wood(Picrasma quassioides), horn beam(Carpinus laxiflora), cork oak(Quercus variabilis), birch(Betula schmidtii), painted maple(Acer mono), basswood(Tilia amurensis), red pine(Pinus densiflora), pitch pine(Pinus rigtda), royal pawlonia(Paulownia tomentosa) by microwave heating. In this study, radius of curvature(ROC) for bending process was classified by radius of curvature(ROC) of bending plate such as 4 cm, 6 cm, and 10 cm, and thickness of metal-strap(TMS) was 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm. Bending process was successfully operated for 100 percent in bitter wood, horn beam, birch and painted maple. On the other hand, there was a success rate of 58 percent in sargent cherry and 83 percent in cork oak and 29 percent in basswood and 8 percent in royal pawlonia which is the worst bending property. All specimens of basswood and royal pawlonia were broken at 4 cm of ROC. Success rate of bending property was shown 44 percent in red pine and 56 percent in pitch pine. TMS has an effect on only drying speed in drying process than difficulty and facility of bending property. It was considered that the thinner TMS in drying process is the faster in drying speed of bent wood.

A Study on Comparing Characteristics of Le Corbusier′s Furniture Design with Alvar Aalto′s (르 꼬르뷔지에와 알바 알토의 가구디자인 특성 비교 연구)

  • 이진영
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.162-172
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    • 2004
  • Architects and designers of the 20th Century made various efforts to establish new design languages reflecting the changes of society, the times, and environment. They used furniture, especially chairs, as controversial items of aesthetic value, society and ideology. Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto are furniture designers as well as architects, who adopted this ‘spirit of the times’ actively and have greatly contributed to modernism. This study will help us to understand the diversity of design since modernism, by comparing these two designers' furniture design. It also covers the common factors In modern furniture design, and analyses their individuality and likeness In design. The following is a comparison of furniture design by Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto. Le Courbusier linked International design and Aalto linked Rational design and Organic concept design to their furniture, just as they did in their architecture. They were able to establish the base of modern furniture design by adapting new concepts and pursuing humanism. In structure, Le Corbusier's furniture Is simple and proportional. It demonstrates a sophisticated geometric composition, mechanical beauty. On the other hand, Aalto rationally linked nature with human requirements and his furniture is organic and in harmony with geometric structure. In function, Le Corbusier's furniture is standardized and prefabricated. He designed for the user so they could choose to use the furniture efficiently to suit their needs. In comparison with Le Corbusier, Aalto Invented the ‘Stacking Chair’ which allows a more effective use of space and reflected the structure of the human body to improve the user's comfort. In materials and techniques, Le Corbusier used new materials like metal or leather, and attempted new ways such as welding, prefabrication, and standardization for production. On the contrary, Alto mainly used birch, which is the traditional material in Finland, and tried new bent wood techniques and joining methods.

Effects of Boliing, Steaming, and Chemical Treatment on Solid Wood Bending of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Pinus densiflora S. et. Z. (자비(煮沸), 증자(蒸煮) 및 약제처리(藥劑處理)가 상수리나무와 소나무의 휨가공성(加工性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • So, Won-Tek
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.19-62
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    • 1985
  • This study was performed to investigate: (i) the bending processing properties of silk worm oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) and Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) by boiling and steaming treatments; (ii) the effects of interrelated factors - sapwood and heartwood, annual ring placement, softening temperature and time, moisture content. and wood defects on bending processing properties; (iii) the changing rates of bending radii after release from a tension strap, and (iv) the improving methods of bending process by treatment with chemicals. The size of specimens tested was $15{\times}15{\times}350mm$ for boiling and steaming treatments and $5{\times}10{\times}200mm$ for treatments with chemicals. The specimens were green for boiling treatments and dried to 15 percent for steaming treatments. The specimens for treatments with chemicals were soaked in saturated urea solution, 35 percent formaldehyde solution, 25 percent polyethylene glycol -400 solution, and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution for 5 days and immediately followed the bending process, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The internal temperature of silk worm oak and Korean red pine by boiling and steaming time was raised slowly to $30^{\circ}C$ but rapidly from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80-90^{\circ}C$ and then slowly from $80-90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. 2. The softening time required to the final temperature was directly proportional to the thickness of specimen. The time required from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ for 15mm-squared specimen was 9.6-11.2 minutes in silk worm oak and 7.6-8.1 minutes in Korean red pine. 3. The moisture content (M.C.) of specimen by steaming time was increased rapidly first 4 minutes in the both species, and moderately from 4 to 20 minutes and then slowly and constantly in silk worm oak, and moderately from 4 to 15 minutes and then slowly and constantly in Korean red pine. The M.C. of 15mm-squared specimen in 50 minutes of steaming was increased to 18.0 percent in the oak and 22.4 percent in the pine from the initial conditioned M.C. of 15 percent The rate of moisture adsorption measured was therefore faster in the pine than in the oak. 4. The mechanical properties of the both species were decreased significantly with the increase of boiling rime. The decrement by the boiling treatment for 60 minutes was measured to 36.6-45.0 percent in compressive strength, 12.5-17.5 percent in tensile strength, 31.6-40.9 percent in modulus of rupture, and 23.3-34.6 percent in modulus of elasticity. 5. The minimum bending radius (M.B.R.) of sapwood and heartwood was 60-80 mm and 90 mm in silk worm oak, and 260 - 300 mm and 280 - 300 mm in Korean red pine, respectively. Therefore, the both species showed better bending processing properties in sapwood than in heartwood. 6. The M.B.R. of edge-grained and flat-grained specimen in suk worm oak was 60-80 mm, but the M.B.R. in Korean red pine was 240-280 mm and 260-360 mm, respectively. Comparing the M.B.R. of edge-grained with flat-grained specimen, in the pine the edge-grained showed better bending processing property than the flat-grained. 7. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the rising of softening temperature from $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The minimum softening temperature for bending was $90^{\circ}C$ in silk worm oak and $80^{\circ}C$ in Korean red pine, and the dependency of softening temperature for bending was therefore higher in the oak than in the pine. 8. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the increase of softening time as well as temperature, but even after the internal temperature of specimen reaching to the final temperature, somewhat prolonged softening was required to obtain the best plastic conditions. The minimum softening time for bending of 15 mm-squared silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen was 15 and 10 minutes in the boiling treatment, and 30 and 20 minutes in the steaming treatment, respectively. 9. The optimum M.C. for bending of silk worm oak was 20 percent, and the M.C. above fiber saturation point rather degraded the bending processing property, whereas the optimum M.C. of Korean red pine needed to be above 30 percent. 10. The bending works in the optimum conditions obtained as seen in Table 24 showed that the M.B.R. of silk worm oak and Korean red pine was 80 mm and 240 mm in the boiling treatment, and 50 mm and 280 mm in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing property of the oak was better in the steaming than in the boiling treatment, but that of the pine better in the boiling than in the steaming treatment. 11. In the bending without a tension strap, the radio r/t of the minimum bending radius t to the thickness t of silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen amounted to 16.0 and 21.3 in the boiling treatment, and 17.3 and 24.0 in the steaming treatment, respectively. But in the bending with a tension strap, the r/t of the oak and the pine specimen decreased to 5.3 and 16.0 in t he boiling treatment, and 3.3 and 18.7 in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing properties of the both species were significantly improved by the strap. 12. The effect of pin knot on the degradation of bending processing property was very severe in silk worm oak by side, e.g. 90 percent of the oak specimens with pin knot on the concave side were ruptured when bent to a 100 mm radius but only 10 percent of the other specimens with pin knot on the convex side were ruptured. 13. The changing rate in the bending radius of specimen bent to a 300 mm radius after 30 days of exposure to room temperature conditions was measured to 4.0-10.3 percent in the boiling treatment and 13,0-15.0 percent in the steaming treatment. Therefore, the degree of spring back after release was higher in the steaming than in the boiling treatment. And the changing rate of moisture-proofing treated specimen by expoxy resin coating was only -1.0.0 percent. 14. Formaldehyde, 35 percent solution, and 25 percent polyethylene glycol-400 solution found no effect on the plasticization of the both species, but saturated urea solution and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution found significant effect in comparison to non-treated specimen. But the effect of the treatment with chemicals alone was inferior to that of the steaming treatment, and the steaming treatment after the treatment with chemicals improved 10-24 percent over the bending processing property of steam-bent specimen. 15. Three plasticity coefficients - load-strain coefficient, strain coefficient, and energy coefficient - were evaluated to be appropriate for the index of bending processing property because the coefficients had highly significant correlation with the bending radius. The fitness of the coefficients as the index was good at load-strain coefficient, energy coefficient, and strain coefficient, in order.

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