• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5133-5136
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• 2014

Objective: To use health economics methodology to assess the screening program on gastric cancer in Zhuanghe, China, so as to provide the basis for health decision on expanding the program of early detection and treatment. Materials and Methods: The expense of an early detection and treatment program for gastric cancer in patients found by screening, and also costs of traditional treatment in a hospital of Zhuanghe were assessed. Three major techniques of medical economics, namely cost-effective analysis (CEA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA), were used to assess the screening program. Results: Results from CEA showed that investing every 25, 235 Yuan on screening program in Zhuanghe area, one gastric cancer patient could be saved. Data from CUA showed that it was cost 1, 370 Yuan per QALY saved. Results from CBA showed that: the total cost was 1,945,206 Yuan with a benefit as 8,669,709 Yuan and an CBR of 4.46. Conclusions: The early detection and treatment program of gastric cancer appears economic and society-beneficial. We suggest that it should be carry out in more high risk areas for gastric cancer.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-215
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• 2017

The use of advanced fibre composite materials in bridge engineering offers alternative solutions to structural problems compared to traditional construction materials. Advanced composite or fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have high strength to weight ratios, which can be especially beneficial where dead load or material handling considerations govern a design. However, the reduced weight and stiffness of FRP footbridges results in generally poorer dynamic performance, and vibration serviceability is likely to govern their design to avoid the footbridge being "too lively". This study investigates the dynamic behaviour of the 51.3 m span Wilcott FRP suspension footbridge. The assessment is performed through a combination of field testing and finite element analysis, and the measured performance of the bridge is being used to calibrate the model through an updating procedure. The resulting updated model allowed detailed interpretation of the results. It showed that non-structural members such as the parapets can influence the dynamic behaviour of slender, lightweight footbridges, and consequently their contribution must be included during the dynamic assessment of a structure. The test data showed that the FRP footbridge is prone to pedestrian induced vibrations, although the measured response levels were lower than limits specified in relevant standards.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase(COX), and thus prevention of the formation of prostaglandins, provided a unifying explanation of the therapeutic and toxic actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Recently, the discovery of the two isoforms of COX was made by molecular biologists studying neoplastic transformation in chick embryo cells. The constitutive enzyme, COX-1, is obviously responsible for the production of prostaglandins involved in housekeeping functions such as maintenance of integrity of the gastric mucosa, renal blood flow and platelet aggregation. The inducible form of COX (COX-2) is responsible for the formation of prostaglandins that pathologically affects inflammation, pain and fever. Clearly, all the experimental and clinical data support the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of NSAIDs are due to inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme, whereas the gastrotoxicity is due to inhibition of COX-1. The cox-2/COX-1 ratios of the NSAIDs in common use have been measured and compared with epidemiological data on their side effects. There is little evidence to suggest that one NSAID is clearly more effective than another, But substantial individual variability is present with respect to the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of these drugs: therefore it is essential to adjust the dosage and choose specific drug to the patient's response.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1446-1452
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• 2014

Existing LDA uses the transform matrix that maximizes distance between classes. So we have to convert from an image to one-dimensional vector as training vector. However, in 2D-LDA, we can directly use two-dimensional image itself as training matrix, so that the classification performance can be enhanced about 20% comparing LDA, since the training matrix preserves the spatial information of two-dimensional image. However 2D-LDA uses same calculation schema for transformation matrix and therefore both LDA and 2D-LDA has the heteroscedastic problem which means that the class classification cannot obtain beneficial information of spatial distances of class clusters since LDA uses only data correlation-based covariance matrix of the training data without any reference to distances between classes. In this paper, we propose a new method to apply training matrix of 2D-LDA by using WPS-LDA idea that calculates the reciprocal of distance between classes and apply this weight to between class scatter matrix. The experimental result shows that the discriminating power of proposed 2D-LDA with weighted between class scatter has been improved up to 2% than original 2D-LDA. This method has good performance, especially when the distance between two classes is very close and the dimension of projection axis is low.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.457-462
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to detect QTL for carcass quality on bovine chromosome (BTA) 6 using a high density SNP map in a Hanwoo population. The data set comprised 45 sires and their 427 Hanwoo steers that were born between spring of 2005 and fall of 2007. The steers that were used for progeny testing in the Hanwoo Improvement Center in Seosan, Korea, were genotyped with the 2,535SNPs on BTA6 that were embedded in the Illumina bovine SNP 50K chip. Four different linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping models were applied to detect significant SNPs for carcass quality traits; the fixed model with a single marker, the random model with a single marker, the random model with haplotype effects using two adjacent markers, and the random model at hidden state. A total of twelve QTL were detected, for which four, one, three and four SNPs were detected on BTA6 under the respective models (p<0.001). Among the detected QTL, four, two, five and one QTL were associated with carcass weight, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling score, respectively (p<0.001). Our results suggest that the use of multiple LD mapping approaches may be beneficial in increasing power to detect QTL given a limited sample size and magnitude of QTL effect.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.401-406
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• 2001

When propagating the thickness direction of composite laminates ultrasound waves interacts strongly with the orientation and sequence of the plies in a layup. Also the layup orientation greatly influences its properties in a composite laminate. If one ply of the layup orientation is misaligned, it could result in the part being rejected and discarded. Now, most researchers cut a small coupon from the waste edge and use a microscope to optically verify the ply sequences on important parts. Those may add a substantial cost to the product since the test is both labor hard and performed after the part is cured. A nondestructive technique would be very beneficial, which could be used to test the part after curing and require less time than the optical test. Therefore we have developed, reduced, and implemented a novel ply-by-ply vector decomposition model for composite lam mates fabricated from unidirectional plies. This model decomposes the transmission of a linearly polarized ultrasound wave into orthogonal components through each ply of a laminate. It is found that a high probability shows between the model and tests developed in characterizing cured layups of the laminates.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2011

LED design works make user experience the conditions of time and space, and enable maximized spatial exploration and pursuit of ultimate sources. Light itself includes an ample dimension of time and, through the process of on and off, time-duration, similarity, and discontinuation is reorganized. LED design works make people experience the conditions of time and space, and enable maximized spatial exploration and pursuit of ultimate sources. LED design have been approached more from the viewpoint of material than from the viewpoint of aesthetics. LED based environmental design will be embedded deeply into our life with the technology of ubiquitous city. As the problem of the light intensity, tempo of change LED motion graphic and colors, substitutability is almost completely resolved now, LED is have more potentials than any other material as a tool of motion graphic. These result well make that using of LED is could be better useful from now on. In edition, users could be offered better beneficial lighting environment, and they will enjoy their better lives in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Taurine, amino acid, chemically known as 2-amino ethane sulphonic acid was discovered more than two hundred years ago from ox bile. it is widely distributed in both mammals and nonmammals. It is found in considerably high amount in hUl11an: a normal adult of 70 kgs contains about 70 grams of taurine. Taurine with this much concentration, is involved in almost all life processes. Its deficiency causes several abnormalities in major organs like brain, eye and heart. Taurine-bone interaction is latest addition to its long list of actions. In bone cells, taurine is also found in high concentration. Taurine is found to help in enhancing the bone tissue formation which is evidenced by increased matrix formation and collagen synthesis. Besides stimulating the bone tissue formation, it also inhibits the bone loss through inhibiting the bone resorption and osteoclast formation. Thus, taurine acts as a double agent. In addition to these two major actions of taurine in bone, it also has beneficial effect in wound healing mld bone repair. Taurine possess radioprotective properties, too. As it is a naturally available molecule, it can be used as a preventive agent. Taurine has a potential to replace bisphosphonates which are currently in use for the inhibition of bone loss but this needs in depth study. As taurine is involved in bone formation and inhibition of bone loss, a detailed study can make it a single marker of bone metabolism. All these taurine-bone interaction is a symbol of their deep involvement but still require further extension to make taurine as a choice for tile sound bone health.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2016

The effects of antlers have long been known in traditional Asian medicine. However, few studies have investigated the effects of antlers on immunity. In this study, we investigated whether fermented antler extract (FAE) has immunomodulatory effects on spleen cells. FAE enhanced the activity of spleen cells in a concentration dependent manner compared to antler extract. Interestingly, FAE significantly increased the production of interleukin-12, a representative cytokine of cell-mediated immunity, while it marginally increased that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that FAE can protect spleen cells from spontaneous cell death without a significant proportional change in subsets, mainly lymphocytes. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that FAE has beneficial effects on spleen cells, a major type of immune cell, indicating that it can function as an immunomodulator without significant cytotoxicity. These data may broaden the use of FAE in basic research and clinical areas.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.909-914
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• 2016

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the acquisition of the migratory and invasive capabilities associated with metastatic competence. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) has been implicated as an important mediator in the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. Hence, Cyr61 and associated pathways are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions directed against the EMT. In the present study, we report that baicalein significantly inhibits the expression of Cyr61 and migration and invasion of MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Exposure to baicalein led to increased E-cadherin expression, possibly due to the ubiquitination of Snail and Slug, which was mediated by the Cyr61/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ ($GSK3{\beta}$) pathway. Further analysis revealed that baicalein inhibited the expression of lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL-2), which is a functional collaborator of Snail and Slug, and subsequently attenuated the direct interaction between LOXL-2 and Snail or Slug, thereby enhancing $GSK3{\beta}$-dependent Snail and Slug degradation. Our findings provide new insights into the antimetastatic mechanism of baicalein and may contribute to its beneficial use in breast cancer therapies.