• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2022

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) is the applied science where strategies are derived from the principles of behaviour and are applied to improve meaningful social behaviours [3]. This study investigates the possible inclusive value of the use ABA in schools in Saudi Arabia. Interviews were conducted with two ABA therapists and a support teacher in order to address this possibility. From the research findings, it emerged how ABA is one of the cognitive-behavioural intervention models and therefore, can be generalised to other disorders or diagnoses and the applied behavioural analysis does have an inclusive value as it structures individualized activities for the increase of both personal and social skills and these activities allow the subject to work on his or her skills, which are, however, absolutely preparatory to the inclusion of the subject in the classroom context.

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2015

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.123-124
• /
• 2019

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-2
• /
• 2021

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-2
• /
• 2022

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.755-764
• /
• 2017

The current review seeks to highlight the concerns that have been raised on pre-slaughter stress, contributing factors and its consequent effects on cattle behavioural responses and the quality of beef; inter-linking the activities involved from birth to slaughter. Such information is crucial in light of the consumer concerns on overall animal welfare, quality of meat and food security. Slaughter animals are exposed to different conditions during production and transportation to abattoirs on a daily basis. However; the majority of studies that have been done previously singled out different environments in the meat production chain, while conclusions have been made that the welfare of slaughter animals and the quality of meat harvested from them is dependent on the whole chain. Behaviour is a critical component used to evaluate the animals' wellbeing and it has been reported to have an effect on product quality. Apart from the influence of on-farm, transportation and abattoir conditions, the genetic background of the animal also affects how it perceives and responds to certain encounters. Stress activates the animals' hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity, triggering release of various stress hormones such as catecholamines and cortisol, thus glycogen depletion prior slaughter, elevated ultimate pH and poor muscle-meat conversion. Pre-slaughter stress sometimes results to cattle attaining bruises, resulting to the affected parts of the carcass being trimmed and condemned for human consumption, downgrading of the carcass and thus profit losses.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.712-722
• /
• 2017

Attention to appearance is a common concern for all. Images created by appearance play an important role in judging people in terms of social life in contemporary society. This study investigated general behaviours of appearance management behaviours of both male and female college students, and categorised consumption emotion experienced by appearance management. In this regards, it was examined how consumers' psychological mechanism of consumption emotions influences consumers' satisfaction and their behavioural intentions. The main results are as follows: First, female students invest more time and money into appearance management compare to male students and have a higher level of attention. Secondly, both male and female students experience a variety of consumption emotions in appearance management behaviours. According to gender, female students show a higher level of positive and negative consumption emotions than male students. Thirdly, there are five emotional types (Confidence, Annoyance, Refreshment, Enjoyment, Anxiety) as the result of the consumption emotional typology in terms of appearance management behaviours of male and female university students. Fourthly, there are different emotional groups which influence consumers' satisfaction or behavioural intention according to gender in appearance management behaviour. In general, emotional groups such as 'Confidence, Delight and Anxiety' have a positive influence on consumers' satisfaction and behavioral intention, and 'Annoyance' composed of negative emotions have negative influence. In this respect, this research can contribute to beauty product development and marketing strategy with reflecting consumption emotion, and better understanding of consumption culture of university students which plays a pivotal role in appearance management behavior.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.5989-5994
• /
• 2012

Background: There is little information on longitudinal patterns of participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening or on demographic or behavioural factors associated with participation in re-screening. The lack of an agreed system for describing participatory behaviour over multiple rounds also hampers our ability to report, understand and make use of observed associations. Our aims were to develop a system for describing patterns of participatory behaviour in FOBT-based CRC screening programs and to identify factors associated with particular behavioural patterns. Methods: A descriptive framework was developed and applied to a data extract of screening invitation outcomes over two rounds of the NBCSP. The proportion of invitees in each behaviour category was determined and associations between behaviour patterns and demographic and program factors were identified using multivariate analyses. Results: We considered Re-Participants, Dropouts, Late Entrants and Never Participants to be the most appropriate labels for the four possible observed participatory categories after two invitation rounds. The screening participation rate of the South Australian cohort of the NBCSP remained stable over two rounds at 51%, with second round Dropouts (10.3%) being balanced by Late Entrants (10.5%). Non-Participants comprised 38.7% of invitees. Relative to Re-Participants, Dropouts were older, more likely to be female, of lower SES, had changed their place of residence between offers had a positive test result in the first round. Late Entrants tended to be in the youngest age band. Conclusions: Specific demographic characteristics are associated with behavioural sub-groups defined by responses to 2 offers of CRC screening. Targeted group-specific strategies could reduce dropout behaviour or encourage those who declined the first invitation to participate in the second round. It will be important to keep first round participants engaged in order to maximise the benefit of a CRC screening program.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.1176-1181
• /
• 2005

This study investigated the effects of restricted suckling (RS) on some physiological and behavioural stress parameters compared to temporal weaning (TW). Twenty Brahman (Bos indicus) cow-calf pairs were assigned to one of two groups: Calves in the RS group were limited to suckle their dams once daily for 30 min during days 30 to 33, while calves in the TW group were removed from their dams during days 59 to 62 postpartum. Heart and respiratory rates, serum cortisol concentration and body temperature were registered in cows and calves. In addition, the number of steps was also registered in calves. All parameters were recorded 24, 48 and 72 h after the beginning of the two treatments, respectively. In TW calves, higher (p<0.05) cortisol concentration and number of steps were recorded in the 1st samples and 1$^{st}$ and 2$^{nd}$ observations, respectively. No difference was found in body temperature between treatments. However, respiration and heart rates differed in the 1$^{st}$ and 2$^{nd}$ observations, respectively. In general, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in these three parameters was observed over time. In cows, no differences were found in cortisol concentration or body temperature between treatments or with time. Heart and respiratory rates were lower (p<0.05) in the TW treatment only 24 h after beginning of treatment. It was concluded that (a) RS resulted in less behavioural and physiological indices of distress compared to TW in calves, although in general, differences were found only in some variables, mainly during the 1$^{st}$ day following start of the treatment, and there in a chance of age effects. (b) Cows were less affected than their young, regardless of the treatment applied.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2017

Hexavalent chromium is a bio accumulative toxic metal in water and fish. It enters aquaculture ponds mainly through anthropogenic sources. Hexavalent chromium concentrations and its effects on the morphology and behavior of Clarias gariepinus were investigated from four aquaculture ponds for 12 weeks. Chromium was measured using diphenyl carbohdrazide method; alkalinity and hardness were measured using colometric method and analyzed with Bench Photometer. Temperature and pH were measured using pH/EC/TDS/Temp combined tester. Temporal and spatial replications of samples were done with triplicates morphological and behavioural effects of the metal on fish were observed visually. Chromium ranged from no detection to 0.05 mg/L, alkalinity 105 to 245 mg/L, hardness 80 to 165 mg/L, pH 6.35 to 8.03 and temperature 29.1 to $35.9^{\circ}C$. Trend in the chromium concentrations in the ponds is natural > earthen > concrete > collapsible. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in chromium, alkalinity, water hardness, pH and temperature among the four ponds. Significant positive correlation also existed between alkalinity, water hardness, pH, with chromium. Morphological and behavioural changes observed in the fish include irregular swimming, frequent coming to the surface, dark body colouration, mucous secretion on the body, erosion of gill epithelium, fin disintegration, abdominal distension and lethargy. High chromium concentration in natural pond was due to anthropogenic run-off of materials in to the pond. Acidic pH, low alkalinity, low water hardness also contributed to the high chromium concentration. Morphological and behavioural changes observed were attributed to the high concentrations, toxicity and bio accumulative effect of the metal. Toxicity of chromium to fish in aquaculture could threaten food security. Watershed best management practices and remediation could be adopted to reduce the effects of toxicity of chromium on pond water quality, fish flesh quality and fish welfare.