• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2016

Purpose: Recently, propensity score matching method is used in a large number of research paper, nonetheless, there is no research using fitness test of before and after propensity score matching. Therefore, comparing fitness of before and after propensity score matching by logistic regression analysis using data from 'online survey of adolescent health' is the main significance of this research. Method: Data that has similar propensity in two groups is extracted by using propensity score matching then implement logistic regression analysis on before and after matching separately. Results: To test fitness of logistic regression analysis model, we use Model summary, -2Log Likelihood and Hosmer-Lomeshow methods. As a result, it is confirmed that the data after matching is more suitable for logistic regression analysis than data before matching. Conclusion: Therefore, better result which has appropriate fitness will be shown by using propensity score matching shows better result which has better fitness.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.87-98
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to examine wives' subjective perception about recovery degree of household consumption level after-before IMF and it's influencing variables. The data used were obtained from 250wives in Seoul. Statistics performed for the analysis were Frequency Percentile Means t-test Multiple Regression Analysis. The major findings were as follows; First household consumption level after IMF was lower than before IMF household-wives had little perception of recovery for economics. Second the difference of household consumption level after-before IMF was affected by income income-change The higher income and income-change were the higher difference of consumption level-after-before IMF was. Third the consumption level after IMF as affected by age income assets. The higher age income and assets were the higher consumption level after IMF was.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2019

Purpose - This study analyzed the effect of the Trump Government's protectionist trade policies on foreign ownership. Specifically, this study empirically analyzes the hypothesis that foreign ownership will decrease after the Trump Government rather than before the Trump Government. Design/methodology - The hypothesis of this study is based on the expectation that US protection trade policy will negatively affect the profitability of Korean companies. The dependent variable in this study is the foreign ownership ratio, and the independent variable is a dummy variable representing before and after the Trump Government. Multiple regression analysis was performed, including the control variables suggested in previous studies related to foreign ownership. Findings - As a result, foreign ownership increased after the Trump Government rather than before the Trump Government. This study further analyzes whether the main variables affecting foreign investor's decision-making are differences before and after Trump Government. The export ratio, profitability and dividends did not differ before and after Trump Government. However, the level of information asymmetry decreased after the Trump Government than before the Trump Government. This suggests that US protection trade policies do not adversely affect the profitability of Korean companies. However, Korean firms are improving their information environment because US protectionist trade policies can lower profitability and negatively impact capital raising. In this regard, the foreign ownership ratio seems to differ before and after the Trump Government. Originality/value - This study contributes in that it presents data that US protectionist policies can affect Korean corporate governance. This study has implications from the short-term analysis of US protection trade policy.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to analyze Twitter users' emotional tendencies regarding oral surgery procedures before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Methods: Tweets posted in English before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. Popular tweets in 2019 were searched using the keywords "tooth removal", "tooth extraction", "dental pain", "wisdom tooth", "wisdom teeth", "oral surgery", "oral surgeon", and "OMFS". In 2020, another search was conducted by adding the words "COVID" and "corona" to the abovementioned keywords. Emotions underlying the tweets were analyzed using CrystalFeel - Multidimensional Emotion Analysis. In this analysis, we focused on four emotions: fear, anger, sadness, and joy. Results: A total of 1240 tweets, which were posted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotions' distribution before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While the sense of joy decreased after the pandemic, anger and fear increased. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotional valence distributions before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While a negative emotion intensity was noted in 52.9% of the messages before the pandemic, it was observed in 74.3% of the messages after the pandemic. A positive emotional intensity was observed in 29.8% of the messages before the pandemic, but was seen in 10.7% of the messages after the pandemic. Conclusion: Infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may lead to mental, emotional, and behavioral changes in people. Unpredictability, uncertainty, disease severity, misinformation, and social isolation may further increase dental anxiety and fear among people.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1999

Increase of automobiles become today's environmental problem decreasing space for our children's playground. The traffic situation around us shows automobiles over filled the public roads and started to intrude even on the side walks. Children's traffic safety education for the awareness of the danger from traffic mishaps, and for the behavior to cope with preventives measure by continual learning programs in systematized method is very important need in current health education. For this research, the subject was represented by 243 students from 4th grade in D Elementary School located at Daechi-dong, Seoul. During total of 5 weeks (September 4, 1997 to September 30, 1997), lessons were taught to the subject. Lessons consist of traffic safety education and customized education program that were designed and developed specificially for the subject level. In this research, Case group of 3 classes and control group of 3classes were predetermined before subject's degree of knowledge, attitude, and practice was analized. The difference before and after the training of this education was observed to verify the effectively and to find the influential factors of this education program. On September 2-3, survey study was performed after the training. the results of this study were as follows: 1. The knowledge analysis from the comparison between before and after of the training shows case group and control group scored(8.36, 8.86) before the traning, but scored(10.36, 8.52) after the traning. the difference from the result of the case group is statistically significant(p〈0.001). 2. The attitude analysis from the comparison between before and after of the training shows case group and control group scored(48.23, 49.87) before the training, but scored (51.05, 48.45) after the traning. the difference from the result of the case group is statistically significant(p〈0.001) 3. The practice analysis from the comparison between before and after of the training shows case group and control group scored (27.42, 28.08) before the training, but scored(30.49, 28.25) after the training. The differece from the result of the case group is statistically significant (p〈0.001). 4. The correlation analysis of traffic safety education's influence on traffic safety knowledge, attitude, and practice before training shows the relationship between attitude and practice was satistically significant(p〈0.05). The result after the training shows the relationship between knowledge and attitude, attitude and practice, and knowledge and practice was all statistically significant(p〈0.001).

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to make comparison before and after CPR training for health college students (departments of visual optics, occupational therapy, and health welfare administration). The questionnaire consisted of self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitudes toward CPR affect performance ability. Through this study, the researchers tried to provide basic data in developing of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training programs and training methods for health college students. Methods : This study was applied to 83 health college students (departments of visual optics, occupational therapy, and health welfare administration) in G Province. Data were collected from September 22 to October 9, 2008. Analysis was performed by using SPSS WIN 12.0 Version program. Frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used. Statistical significance was based on p < .05. Results : 1. There was an increase with(${\rightarrow}$ in) 1.69 point before education and 3.01 after education of artificial ventilation(p < .001). There was an increase in 1.46 point before education and 3.24 after education of airway(p < .001). There was an increase in 1.54 point before education and 2.84 after education of chest compression location(p < .001). There was an increase in 1.97 point before education and 3.13 after education of chest compression(p < .001). 2. The difference between self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitude before and after CPR education, the self-efficacy increased from 2.08 point before education(p < .001 to 3.18 point after education. Knowledge increased from 2.09 point before education(p < .001) to 3.28 point after education. Attitude increased from 1.75 point before education(p < .001 to 3.05 point after education. 3. The correlation between self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitude toward CPR), was not changed before education. After education, knowledge showed quantitative correlation(r = .219, p < .05) with attitude. 4. In regression analysis with the aim of examining influence of self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitude upon performance ability, the effect wasn't given to performance ability before education. After education, the self-efficacy was indicated to have significant effect on performance ability(p < .05).

• 복식문화연구
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.617-633
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine emerging trends in fashion films and the impact of COVID-19 through analysis of Prada films produced before and after the initial spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected 40 cases occurring prior to the pandemic, from June to December 2019, and 21 cases occurring since the outbreak, from June to December 2020. To identify relevant trends, we conduct a literature review and examine a range of case studies. First, travel restrictions and confronting activities currently inhibit production. Through our case study analysis, we identify nineteen cases in between before and after COVID-19. Secondly, Prada can be seen to mainly produce episodes and promotional films. Additionally, it develops content showcasing brand values in environmental, cultural, creative, and sport-related fields; intended audiences extend beyond the realm of fashion. Thirdly, a new film category began to develop after the outbreak of COVID-19, namely, narrative films utilizing virtual interactions. According to our analysis results, we expect film production that is increasingly facilitated by virtual communication, technology utilization, and online platforms to continue even after the resolution of COVID-19. New film categories will emerge, and we predict that the gap between the number of cases before and after COVID-19 will narrow.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2015

PURPOSES : Before-and-after studies of red light cameras were conducted with the aim of reducing the number of side right-angle collisions. Three different methods were used for the before-and-after studies, and the analysis results were compared. METHODS : This research used the naive before-and-after method, the comparison-group method, and the empirical Bayes method to study the effects of red light cameras on side-angle collisions. The results of the three before-and-after methods were compared and interpreted in terms of safety indications at signalized intersections. RESULTS : The research results showed that side right-angle collisions can be reduced by installing red light cameras at signalized intersections. All three methods guarantee safety improvements of 25~30% on average. With regard to the results of each method, the naive before-and-after method, the comparison-group method, and the empirical Bayes method showed safety improvements of 25.6%, 27.8%, and 29.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that red light cameras are an effective countermeasure to improve intersection safety. In particular, by installing red light cameras, side right-angle collisions can be reduced by up to approximately 25~30%.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2022

In this study, social network analysis was performed to compare and analyze changes in domestic tourism trends before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in a situation where the damage to the tourism industry due to COVID-19 is increasing. Using Textom, a big data analysis service, data were collected using the keywords "travel destination" and "travel trend" based on the collection period of 2019 and 2020, when the epidemic spread to the world and became chaotic. After extracting a total of 80 key words through text mining, centrality was analyzed using NetDraw of Ucinet6, and clustered into 4 groups through CONCOR analysis. Through this, we compared and analyzed changes in domestic tourism trends before and after the outbreak of COVID-19, and it is judged to provide basic data for tourism marketing strategies and tourism product development in the post-COVID-19.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether therapeutic exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults. Methods: 30 patients were participated in this study. To evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise, patients were evaluated by using One leg stand test which was static balance test, Berge balance test, Functional reach test and Get up and go test which was dynamic balance test. Finally Gait pattern were assessed by using 3-dimensional gait analysis system. The assessment parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. And we received a consent form from all patients. The data were analyzed by paired t-test for compare pre and after therapeutic exercise. Results: One leg stand test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Get Up and Go test was significantly decreased after than before therapeutic exercise. Functional Reach test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Burge Balance test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Stride length was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Cadence was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Velocity was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Conclusion: We thought that therapeutic exercise that is mat exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults.