• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1675-1688
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• 2022

Objective: Pregnant Nelore heifers (n = 417) were used to evaluate the effects of supplementation with monensin-molasses multinutrient block (B) during pre and/or postpartum on reproductive and progeny performance. Methods: Heifers were allocated in four treatments: i) CC: heifers received control supplement (C) in loose meal form (0.06% of body weight [BW] offered daily before and after parturition; n = 108); ii) CB: received C before parturition and B (0.07% of BW offered weekly after parturition; n = 117); iii) BC: received B before and C after parturition (n = 103) and iv) BB: received B before and after parturition (n = 89). During pre and postpartum periods, concentration of metabolites/hormones and cow/calf performance was evaluated over time. Cows were synchronized twice for fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) using an estradiol/progesterone-based protocol. Data was analyzed by orthogonal contrasts (C). Results: B increased pregnancy at first FTAI (p = 0.04) and overall pregnancy rate (C1: CC vs BB+BC+CB; p = 0.05). Supplemented cows had greater body condition score (BCS) only at parturition (D0; p = 0.04) and at D40 (p = 0.02). B increased BW (p = 0.03), glucose concentrations (p = 0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p = 0.03) only at D40. Concentrations of insulin were higher in supplemented cows (p = 0.008). Calves born by cows supplemented before and after parturition (C2: BB vs BC+CB) were heavier at 80 (p<0.001), 120 (p<0.001), 170 (p = 0.002) and 210 (p = 0.02) days old. Conclusion: Regardless of period of treatment, block supplementation increased pregnancy at first FTAI and overall pregnancy rate. Additionality, block supplementation during both pre and postpartum periods improved progeny weight until weaning. Block supplementation can be a tool to optimize fertility and calf performance in Nelore primiparous cows.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1246-1246
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• 2001

The quality of meat is highly variable in many properties. This variability originates from both animal production and meat processing. At the pre-slaughter stage, animal factors such as breed, sex, age contribute to this variability. Environmental factors include feeding, rearing, transport and conditions just before slaughter (Hildrum et al., 1995). Meat can be presented in a variety of forms, each offering different opportunities for adulteration and contamination. This has imposed great pressure on the food manufacturing industry to guarantee the safety of meat. Tissue and muscle speciation of flesh foods, as well as speciation of animal derived by-products fed to all classes of domestic animals, are now perhaps the most important uncertainty which the food industry must resolve to allay consumer concern. Recently, there is a demand for rapid and low cost methods of direct quality measurements in both food and food ingredients (including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), enzymatic and inmunological tests (e.g. ELISA test) and physical tests) to establish their authenticity and hence guarantee the quality of products manufactured for consumers (Holland et al., 1998). The use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) for the rapid, precise and non-destructive analysis of a wide range of organic materials has been comprehensively documented (Osborne et at., 1993). Most of the established methods have involved the development of NIRS calibrations for the quantitative prediction of composition in meat (Ben-Gera and Norris, 1968; Lanza, 1983; Clark and Short, 1994). This was a rational strategy to pursue during the initial stages of its application, given the type of equipment available, the state of development of the emerging discipline of chemometrics and the overwhelming commercial interest in solving such problems (Downey, 1994). One of the advantages of NIRS technology is not only to assess chemical structures through the analysis of the molecular bonds in the near infrared spectrum, but also to build an optical model characteristic of the sample which behaves like the “finger print” of the sample. This opens the possibility of using spectra to determine complex attributes of organic structures, which are related to molecular chromophores, organoleptic scores and sensory characteristics (Hildrum et al., 1994, 1995; Park et al., 1998). In addition, the application of statistical packages like principal component or discriminant analysis provides the possibility to understand the optical properties of the sample and make a classification without the chemical information. The objectives of this present work were: (1) to examine two methods of sample presentation to the instrument (intact and minced) and (2) to explore the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and Soft Independent Modelling of class Analogy (SIMCA) to classify muscles by quality attributes. Seventy-eight (n: 78) beef muscles (m. longissimus dorsi) from Hereford breed of cattle were used. The samples were scanned in a NIRS monochromator instrument (NIR Systems 6500, Silver Spring, MD, USA) in reflectance mode (log 1/R). Both intact and minced presentation to the instrument were explored. Qualitative analysis of optical information through PCA and SIMCA analysis showed differences in muscles resulting from two different feeding systems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1324-1377
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• 1998

This study was conducted for two purposes ; (1) to develop a database for zinc levels in commonly usef Korean food items ; and (2) to calculated the zinc intake fo Korean adults living in a rural area. The currently used Korean food compositinotable was supplemented in term sof zinc content using several methods ; (1) analyzing 98 Korean Food items frequently consumed by Korean adults living in rural area. ; (2) adapting values from U.S Minnesota for 71 items ; and (3) imputing values from similar food for 282 items. A new zinc nutrient databse was constructed including zinc contentrs of 1,195 food items. Zinc intake of rural Korean adults was estimated by a 240hours recall method from 2 ,037 adults over 30 over 30years of age in Yeonchon -gun , Kyunggi province of Korea. Mean daily zinc intake of all subjects was 61mg an dmean intake level of males (7.0mg/day, 46.85 of RDA) was significantly thigher than females(5.2mg/day, 43.0% of RDA). Subjects in their 40's had the highest zinc intak ewhile those over 70 years of age consumed the least amount of zinc. The food group that contributed most to the dietary ainc intake of subjects was cereals and grain products supplying 38% of total zinc intake. The next most important group for zinc intak ewas the meat, poultry , and product group supplying 26% ot total intake. This group was followed by fishes and shellfishes, legumes and their products, and vegetales . For individual food items , reicecontribued most, supplying 27% of total zinc intake follwoed by beef(10%) and prok(9%) . Altogether, plant foods supplied 68% of zinc intake suggesting that the bioabailability of dietary ainc is low. In conclusion, these results show ethat the zinc intake of rural Korean adults is low and that sources of dietary zinc are mainly plant foods, suggesting low bioavailability . Further studies are needed to determine zinc intake and status of Korean population. The zinc database developed in this study will be very valuable for such studies.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제9권
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• pp.71-86
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• 1991

This study has tried to illuminate a shocking phenomenon, the import liberalization of agricultural products in the aspect of Consumer consciousness. It has been applied that Table Analysis by using computer programming for instance-MINITAB, and Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis, things like that. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Comparing domestic and imported stuffs, Comsumers came to awareness that domestic products superior to foreign's in the cases of the degree of freshness, taste and pollution damage, in the meanwhile, inferior to the cases of price and wrapping. Food self-supplyment is considered as one of the most important things of all, moreover, by most comsumers and health food and conventional food are favored by high class people. 2. Bying imported stuffs could clearly be fatal blow to our agriculture is fully recognized among consumers, what is more, there would only be doomed to our agriculture, too. 3. The most mass-purchasing imported stuffs by consumers illustrates in order; Beef, Banana, Coffee and Tabacco etc. The most significant elements why consumers buy foreign product is that the prices of them are relatively lower than those of ours. Besides, the next causes lies to non-producing stuffs and curiosity. 4. It must've been generally conceived by most consumers that Open-the-market-policy has been progressed for USA's repression and our monopolistic capital. Therefore, they demand that our market should be contained against unadviciable wave, moreover, keep paying attention to the policy how it will work to protect Korean agriculture. 5. Consumer attitude toward buying imported agricultural products is double-faced, Never-buy occupied only 24.4 % among respondents, but overwhelming respondents say non-producing stuffs can be obtained selectively. In this case, however, never-buy-movement would be backed by consumers in proportion to their educational background. 6. Various consumer minds surrounding Open-the-market-situation, in the end, has been analized econometrics through eleven variables to approach accurate fulfillments.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 홍국균 (Monascus pilosus)을 이용하여 이차대사 산물인 monacolin-K를 대량생산하기 위하여 탄소원 또는 질소원으로 콩 분말을 기질로 하여 배지를 최적화하고자 하였다. 생산 배지에서 탄소원으로 콩 분말을 적용한 실험에서는 soluble starch 대신에 콩 분말을 전량 또는 50% 대체하였을 경우 전 실험구간에서 monacolin-K 생산량이 대조구의 50% 미만으로 생산되거나 전혀 생산되지 않았다. Soluble starch 대신에 sucrose를 사용한 실험의 경우 monacolin-K와 건조균체량은 각각 262 mg/L, 31.6 g/L로 대조구의 218 mg/L, 30.2 g/L보다 생산량이 증가하였다. 따라서 생산배지의 탄소원으로 sucrose를 변경하였다. 생산배지의 질소원으로 사용하는 yeast extract (15 g/L), malt extract (40 g/L), beef extract (30 g/L) 대신에 3종류의 콩 분말로 대체 실험을 한 결과, 대조구에서 monacolin-K는 262 mg/L를 생산되었고, yeast extract 50% 대신에 DSM 콩 분말을 사용한 실험구에서는 monacolin-K를 215 mg/L을 생산되어 가장 좋은 결과를 냈다. 따라서 생산배지에 yeast extract 50% 대신에 DSM 콩 분말을 적용하기로 하였다. Plackett-Burman Design 실험계획법에 의한 실험결과 monacolin-K의 생산에 영향을 미치는 인자는 yeast extract, beef extract, (NH4)2SO4 순으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. Monacolin-K 생산에 영향을 미치는 주요인자 3가지로 중심합성계획에 의한 반응표면분석을 수행한 결과 최적배지 조성은 sucrose 96 g/L, DSM 7.5 g/L, yeast extract 8.4 g/L, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 12.0 g/L, malt extract 40 g/L, beef extract 26.7 g/L, $Na_2HPO_4$ 0.5 g/L, L-Histidine 3.0 g/L, $KHSO_4$ 1.25 g/L 이고, monacolin-K 생산 예상량은 369.9 mg/L 이었다. 최적배지를 이용하여 홍국균을 $27^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm 조건에서 플라스크 배양 한 결과 monacolin-K 생산량과 건조균체량은 각각 418 mg/L, 27.1 g/L이었다. 결과적으로 monacolin-K 생산과 균체량의 감소 없이 콩 분말을 이용한 배지성분의 변화는 어느 정도 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 현재 알려진 고가의 질소원을 대체하기 위해서는 초기부터 균의 형태구조에 영향을 미치는 배지와 발효환경을 고려하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1998

Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are known to inhibit oxidative reactions by incativating compounds responsible for the formation of ree radicals. SOD transforms superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide which is precursor to active free radicals. CAT reduces hydrogen peroxide to water. GSH-Px reduces hydroperoxides to corresponding alcohols. Antioxidant enzyme activities of muscle are different by animal species age, stress and exercise, muscle type and part, conditions of post mortem, storage and processing which are related to oxidative deterioration I muscle foods as well as oxidative defence in living systems. Antioxidant enzyme systems are enhanced rather than weakened in aging skeletal muscle. Red muscle contains higher antioxidant enzyme activity than white muscle. The antioxidant enzyme activities of poultry are higher in leg than in breast, and those of beef are higher in redder and more unstable muscles. It is clear that the effectiveness of the antioxidant enzyme in muscle foods seems to be influenced by meat processing operations. Both GSH-Px and CAT are inactivated by heat processing NaCl also influence the efficiency of the antioxident enzymes since its presence diminishes their catalyitc activity.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

The survey was conducted to investigate the relation between slaughter inspection results and the quality of cattle carcasses by inquiring animal products grading service results of Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE) about partial-disposed cattle carcasses after dismantling inspection. Of the 13,586 slaughtered cattle, 1,343 (9.9%) cattle heads were partially disposed from January to August, 2012 at slaughterhouses in Gwangju area, Korea. Of the 1,343 partial disposed cattle, 613 (45.6%) cattle carcasses were graded into above "Grade 1". Among partially disposed 1,171 Hanwoo heads, 613 (52.3%) cattle carcasses were graded into above "Grade 1". However, none of dairy and beef cattle carcasses were graded into above "Grade 1" out of 163 and 9 partial disposals, respectively. Of the 221 partial disposals by enteric fat necrosis, 139 carcasses were graded into above "Grade 1", and the ratio; 62.9% (P=0.001), was higher than that (50.3%) of total cattle carcass grade which is above "Grade 1". From these results, it is suggested that quality of cattle carcasses which is mainly determined by marbling might be related to the fatty lesions such as fatty liver and enteric fat necrosis.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2021

The fourth industrial revolution based on information and communication technology (ICT) becomes the center of society, and the overall industrial structure is also changing significantly. ICT refers to the hardware of information devices and the software technologies required for the operation and information management of these devices, and any means of collecting, producing, processing, preserving, communicating and utilizing them. ICT is integrated into industries and services or combined with new technologies in various fields such as robotics and nanotechnology to connect all products and services to the network. The development of ICT, which continuously creates new products and services, has spread to all sectors of the industry, affecting not only daily life but also the livestock sector recently. In agriculture, ICT technology can reduce production costs by efficiently managing labor and energy because it can improve quality and yield based on data on environmental and growth information such as temperature, humidity, light and soil. In particular, smart livestock is considered suitable for achieving livestock management goals because it can reduce labor force and improve productivity by remotely and automatically managing accurate information necessary for raising and breeding livestock with ICT devices. The purpose of this study is to propose the need for ICT technology by comparing farm productivity before and after ICT is introduced. The method of the study is to compare the productivity before and after the introduction of ICT in Korean beef farms, pig farms, and poultry farms. The effectiveness of the study proved the excellence of ICT technology through the production results before ICT introduction and the productivity improvement case of livestock farms that efficiently operated manpower management and reduced labor force after ICT introduction. The conclusion of this paper is to present the need for smart livestock through ICT adoption through case study results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1979

한국인의 식생활을 이루고 있는 주요식품 226종에 포함된 엽산치를 Lactobacillus casei 미생들을 사용하여 분석하였다. 제 1보 및 2보에서 측정된 채소류와 과실류 식품은 이 보고에서 제외되었다. 엽산치함량은 유리형 및 결합형으로 각종 식품 100g중에 포함된 ug으로 표시하였다. 각종 식품 및 각 식품군에 포함된 영산치 함량은 크게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각종 식품에 포참된 영산 형태에 따른 화학적 조성도 크게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 식단 작성시 결합형의 엽산치 함량이 사용될 것이며, 저장가공 및 조리계의 파괴율을 고려해야 하겠다. 가장 풍부한 영산의 급원은 효모로 2,800.8ug 결합형으로 식품 100g중에 함유됨을 보였다. 밀린 대두, 시금치, 냉이, 소 및 돼지 같은 100ug이상 함유됨을 보였다. 그 외의 말린 두류 및 종실류, 꼭, 숙갓, 미나리, 부추, 아스파라가스, 계란노른자, 소 콩팥은 50ug 이상 함유됨을 보였다. 파, 상치, 무우, 고추, 발효된 중 식품, 밀, 고구마, 느타리 버섯은 40 ug정도 함유됨을 보였다. 그외 대부분의 정제된 곡류, 전분류, 당류, 과실류, 육류, 어패류, 유류는 비교적 적게 함유됨을 보였다. 유지류, 음로 및 주류 조미료는 거의 함유량이 없음을 보였다. 저장가공 및 조리된 식품에서의 엽산치 함량은 전반적으르 크게 손실될 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 국내에서 소비되는 일부 상응 식품의 비타민 E 함량을 측정하고자 하였다. 각 식품군들의 비타민 E는 검화벙법 또는 직접용매 추출법을 이용하여 추출하였으며 이를 순상 HPLC를 통하여 분리, 정량하였다. 육류에선 장조림이 1.08 $\alpha-TE$가장 높았으며, 어패류는 마른 오징어가 4.69 $\alpha-TE$로 높게 분석되었다. 해조류는 조미김이 $5.70\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유제품은 분유에서 $3.17\;\alpha-TE$, 두류에선 서리태가 $1.52\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높은 값으로 나타났고, 견과류에선 해바라기씨가 $17.99\;\alpha-TE$노 가장 높은 수치를 보였다 조리가공식품류는 라면이 $1.96\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높았으며, 전통가공 식품류에서는 고추장이 $3.48\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높은 분석치를 나타내었다. 본 논문에서 분석된 자료는 식품 내 비타민 E 함량 분석을 통한 표준화된 영양성분표의 기반확립에 도움이 되리라고 생각한다.