• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2007

Although canine facial nerve paralysis(FNP) occurs similarly in humans, there is no properly recognized therapy using Western medicine for idiopathic causes. To elucidate therapeutic measures by acupuncture(AP) on canine FNP, we examined the therapeutic effect of injection-AP on the artificially induced canine FNP. Twelve dogs on artificially induced canine FNP were divided into a control group(4 dogs), an experimental dexamethasone-treated group(dexamethasone group, 4 dogs) and an experimental bee venom-treated group(apitoxin group, 4 dogs). Saline (1 ml) was intramuscularly injected into the head muscle after the induction of FNP in the control group. On the other hand, injection-AP with dexamethasone was performed on such acupoints as LI04, LI20, ST02, ST07, TH17, SI18, GB03 and GB34, twice per week after induction of FNP in the dexamethasone group. In addition, injection-AP with $100{\mu}g$ of apitoxin was performed on the same acupoints as the dexamethasone group twice per week after the induction of FNP in the apitoxin group, respectively. The changes of the clinical symptoms of FNP with each treatment during the experimental period were recorded by using clinical scores, respectively. The changes of serum creatine kinase(CK) activities along with each treatment were determined using an autoanalyzer. The significant differences of clinical scores were detected on day 14(p<0.05) in the apitoxin and dexamethasone groups, compared with those in the control group, respectively. However, significant difference was not detected between the apitoxin and dexamethasone groups. Significant differences of serum CK activities were detected on day 7(p<0.05) and day 14(p<0.05) in the dexamethasone and apitoxin groups, compared with those in the control group, respectively. However, significant difference was not detected between the dexamethasone and apitoxin groups. In condition, injection-APs with apitoxin and dexamethasone were all effective for treatment of canine FNP and the therapeutic effect by injection-AP with apitoxin was similar to that of injection-AP with dexamethasone.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 2008

목적 : 이 연구는 봉약침의 봉독과 그 주요성분인 멜리틴이 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성억제와 세포자멸사 관련 단백질의 발현 조절을 통하여 세포자멸사를 유도하고 전립선 암세포주인 LNCaP 세포의 성장을 억제하는지를 확인하고 해당 기전을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 봉독이나 멜리틴을 처리한 후 LNCaP의 성장억제를 관찰하기 위해 WST-1 assay, CCK-8 assay를 시행하였고, 세포자멸사의 관찰에는 DAPI, TUNEL staining assay를 시행하였으며, 세포자멸사 조절단백질의 변동 관찰에는 western blot analysis를 시행하였고, 세포자멸사와 연관된 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성 변화를 관찰하기 위해 EMSA를 시행하였으며, LNCaP에서 봉독이나 멜리틴과 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 상호작용을 관찰하기 위해 transient transfection assay를 시행 시 세포생존율과 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성 변동을 측정하였다. 결과 : LNCaP 세포에 봉독이나 멜리틴을 처리한 후, 전립선암세포의 성장, 세포자멸사의 유발, 세포자멸사 관련 단백질의 발현, $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성, $NF-{\kappa}B$의 p50 치환 후 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성과 LNCaP 세포 증식에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. LNCaP 세포에서 봉독이나 멜리틴을 처리한 후 세포자멸사가 유도되어 세포성장이 억제되었고, 세포자멸사 관련 단백질 중 분리된 PARP, caspase-9, Bax는 유의한 증가를, Bcl-2, p-Akt, MMP 13, XIAP, cXIAP는 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 2. LNCaP 세포에서 봉독이나 멜리틴을 처리한 후 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 3. LNCaP 세포에서 $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50를 치환하여 작용기를 없애고 봉독이나 멜리틴을 처리하였을 경우에도 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 봉독이나 멜리틴이 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 활성 억제를 통하여 인간 전립선암세포주인 LNCaP의 세포자멸사를 유발함으로써 증식억제 효과가 있음을 입증한 것으로 전립선암의 예방과 치료에 대한 효과적인 치료제 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 다만 그 기전에서 봉독이나 멜리틴은 기존연구와 달리 $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50의 작용기와 직접적으로 상호작용을 하지는 않는 것으로 보이므로 심화 연구를 요한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

목적 : Acetylcholine은 콜린과 아세트산의 에스테르로 인체에서 중요한 신경전달물질로 Acetylcholine-sterase(AChE)라는 효소에 의해 분해된다. Alzheimer's disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson' disease 등의 질환에 AChE 억제제가 사용되어 왔으며 최근 한약재의 AChE 억제 효능에 관한 연구들도 진행되고 있다. 봉독은 관절염, 통풍 등의 질환에 응용되어 왔으며 진통효과 및 항염증작용에 대한 임상적, 실험적 연구가 많이 보고되어 왔으나 AChE 억제효과에 대한 연구는 아직까지 보고된 바 없다, 본 연구에서는 봉독약침액과 봉독의 과민반응 유발항원 중 하나인 Phospholipase A2 억제효능이 있는 것으로 알려진 상백피를 혼합한 상백피봉독약침액의 AChE 억제효과를 알아보았다. 방법 : PC12 세포주에서 추출한 AChE와 0.1, 0.01 and $0.001mg/m{\ell}$ 농도의 봉독약침액 및 상백피봉독약침액을 60분간 반응시켰다. 효소면역측정법(ELISA)을 이용하여 흡광도를 10분, 30분, 60분 경과시 각각 측정한 후 효소활성저해도(%)를 계산하였다. 효소활성저해도(%) = [(Cc - Ce)/Cc] ${\times}$ 100 Cc : 대조군 흡광도, Ce : 실험군 흡광도 결과 : 1. 봉독약침액은 0.1, 0.01, $0.001m{\ell}/mg$의 농도에서 30분 경과 후부터 유의성 있는 억제효과를 나타내었다. 2. 상백피봉독약침액은 $0.1m{\ell}/mg$ 농도에서 10분 경과 후부터 유의성 있는 억제효과를 나타내었고, $0.01m{\ell}/mg$ 농도에서 30분경과 시 유의성 있는 억제효과를 나타내었다. 3. 봉독약침액과 상백피봉독약침액의 AChE 억제효과 비교에서 봉독약침액의 억제효과가 상백피봉독약침액 보다 뛰어났다. 요약 : 봉독약침액과 상백피봉독약침액의 AChE 억제효과를 확인하여 두 군 모두 유의성 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 앞으로 알츠하이머병이나 치매와 같은 신경퇴행성 질환에 대한 봉독의 임상적 활용 및 보다 넓은 범위에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이라 사료된다.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report possibility of acupuncture or moxibustion for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by reviewing literature about its effectiveness. Methods : In this review, PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct and CINAHL of EBSCOhost were used to search medical journals, using keywords "Parkinson's disease and acupuncture" and "Parkinson's disease and moxibustion". The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCT) about Parkinson's disease combined with another disease and other treatments with acupuncture or moxibustion. Non-randomized controlled trial (nRCT), case study, animal experiment, human experiment, review, survey, essay, letter, and protocol for review were excluded. Results : From 311 studies, 111 were selected during the title and the screening. Finally, 16 RCTs (15 for acupuncture research and one for moxibustion) were included in this review, after scanning and matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of patients varied between 5 and 88. A total of 12 studies using electroacupuncture (EA) were classified into acupuncture studies. The body acupuncture studies numbered 4, scalp acupuncture 4, body and scarp acupuncture mixed studies 4, and bee venom, ear and abdomen acupuncture were each one study. In evaluation methods, total effective rate method was used in 9 studies, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used in 8, and the Webster score in 2. In addition, the Berg balance scale (BBS), 30 m walking time, steps to walk 30 m, PD motor function score, and Motor Performance Series by Schoppe (MLS) method were used for evaluation. In 15 of the 16 studies, the verum acupuncture group showed significant improvement compared with the control. In 9 studies using total effective rate method, the effective rate was reported as 80.0-97.3% in verum acupuncture groups and 52.6-86.4% in controls. Conclusions : Acupuncture may be a plausible alternative method to care for the long term symptoms and treat movement impairment of Parkinson's disease. However, to confirm this result, high quality studies including randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trials are warranted.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.81-97
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is analyzing the current research methodology of pharmacopucture for the treatment of animal cancer models. Methods : Four electronic databases were searched for animal studies published from January 2000 to September 2014 onward using these search terms "cancer, anticancer, pharmacopuncture, beevenom". Selected articles were described about animal cancer models. The methods used to induce cancer and the outcome measures used to assess the effects of pharmacopuncture on animal cancer models were analyzed. Results : 37 articles were included. For producing animal cancer models BALB/C mice(n=22) and C57BL/6 mice(n=17) were selected. And intravenous injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells into tail vein(n=14) or intraperitoneal injection of sarcoma-180 cells(n=14) were frequently used to induce cancer. Various pharmacopunctures were injected into acupoints $CV_{12}(n=19)$, $ST_{36}(n=8)$, $BL_{18}(n=8)$ or peritoneal cavity(n=6), tumor site(n=2), tail vein(n=2). Outcome measures were categorized into anti-cancer, anti-metastasis, general condition, cytotoxicity, immune response, toxicity. Median Survival Time(MST) and increase of life span(ILS)(n=26) was frequently used for evaluating anti-cancer effects. And pulmonary colonization assay(n=13) was frequently used for evaluating anti-metastasis effects Conclusions : Based on these data, further research would be needed to ascertain the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture for treating cancer and broaden the range of clinical applications.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.194-208
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• 2003

Objective : Recently, many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. We performed electro-acupuncture on Taixi(K3) and observed the change of brain activity using fMRI. Methods : To see the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Taixi(K3), the experiment was carried out on twelve healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body fMRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on K3, 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. Result & Conclusions : Unilateral electro-acupuncture stimulation on K3 increased the brain activity in Brodman Area 8, 6, 9, 13, 21, 22, 38, 40, 43, 2, 5, 10, 20, 24, 32, 34, 37, 39, 41, 42. and decreased the brain activity in Brodman Area 9, 13, 38, 22, 31, 3, 6, 10, 21, 25, 29, 30. Group Averaged Brain activity induced by Unilateral Electro-acupuncture Stimulation on K3 was increased in Brodman Area 10, 22, 42, 43, 44 and was decreased inn Brodman Area 6 and pyrogen test of Bee venom. Bilateral electro-acupuncture stimulation on k3 increased the brain activity in Brodman Area 22, 3, 19, 4, 13, 17, 21, 41, 42, 2, 5, 6, 7, 18, 23, 29, 30, 31, 40 and decreased the brain activity in Brodman Area 18, 6, 39, 4, 13, 2, 10, 19, 36, 40, 45, 46, 47. Group Averaged Brain activity induced by Bilateral Electro-acupuncture Stimulation on K3 was increased in Brodman Area 22, 13, 4, 3, 29, 38, 43 and was decreased in Brodman Area 18, 3, 19, 22, 39. Motor Stimulation activated Brodmann Area 6, 43, 18.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

This study was introduced the short-term effectiveness of Oriental medicine treatment for lumbar disc herniation inpatients. We selected 208 inpatients with a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-confirmed lumbar disc herniation since June 2012 until August 2012. Their demographics characterisitics, numeric rating scale(NRS) and Oswestry back-related disability index(ODI) for low or leg pain, lumbar flexion and extension angle were assessed at baseline and when discharged from the hospital. When it measured the straight leg raisingscale(SLR), the low side of the angle was examined. Treatment every patient has received as follow; herbal medicine, bee venom, acupuncture and physical examination, spinal manipulation. NRS of low back pain and leg pain and ODI is $5.6{\pm}2.3$, $4.9{\pm}2.8$ and $45.5{\pm}20.0$, respectively at baseline and $2.8{\pm}1.8$, $2.7{\pm}1.9$ and $27.2{\pm}14.1$, respectively when discharged from the hospital. range of motion(ROM) of lumbar flexion and extension angle and SLR is $70.0{\pm}27.1$, $15.4{\pm}7.2$ and $61.3{\pm}23.0$ respectively at baseline and $80.5{\pm}16.9$, $18.25{\pm}4.1$ and $73.2{\pm}14.0$, respectively when discharged from the hospital. It shows that statistically significant improved(P<0.001). Furthermore, regarding patient satisfaction with the treatment, excellent(33.7%), good(55.4%), normal(10.4%), poor(0.5%), it suggests that most patients(89%) satisfied with the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2014

Objectives : Postural instability and gait difficulty(PIGD) can develop in all Parkinson's disease patients, especially late in the disease course, but does not respond well to conventional dopamine treatment. This study aimed to report three cases of PIGD in Parkinson's disease patients treated with Korean and Western medicine treatment. Methods : We used acupuncture, bee venom acupuncture, herbal medicine and moxibustion to treat patients during hospitalization. They continued Western medication and received rehabilitation treatment. We observed the changes of PIGD using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS). Results : After treatment, PIGD symptoms improved and UPDRS scores were decreased. Especially, scores of falling, walking, gait and postural stability subsections related with PIGD were decreased. In addition, general conditions of patients were improved. Conclusions : This study suggests that Korean medicine treatment could be effective in the treatment of PIGD in Parkinson's disease patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.95-111
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• 2005

Objectives : The analysis of prognosis about lumbago classes is important for low back patients. This study was designed to show the clinical significance about lowback pain patients based on 10 classes lumbago ill Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham. Methods : To analyze classify 80 patients who had received the hospital treatment for low back pain, they were classified according to 10 classes lumbago in Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham. To estimate the efficacy of oriental medical treatment, we used Quardruple Visual Analog Scale (QVAS). Results & Conclusion :1. According To 10 classes lumbago in Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham, the largest group of lumbago was due to muscle strain in 30(37.5%) cases, the next was due to wind pathogen group in 18(22.5%) cases, due to blood stasis group in 16(20%), due to Kidney deficiency by 12(15.0%), due to retention of food group by 2(2.5%), the lumbago due to humidity pathogen group by 2(2.5%) in order. 2. By the results which puts out the statistics in lumbago classes on a objectivity treatment record, the Lumbago due to blood stasis, the lumbago due to kidney deficiency, the lumbago due to muscle strain, the lumbago due to wind pathogen, the lumbago due to retention of food, the lumbago due to humidity pathogen showed $3.6({\pm}0.68),\;2.83({\pm}0.84),\;3.13({\pm}0.78),\;2.67{\pm}(0.77),\;3.00,\;3.00$. 3. By the results which puts out the statistics in lumbago classes as a subjectivity treatment record, the Lumbago due to blood stasis, the lumbago due to Kidney deficiency, the lumbago due to muscle strain, the lumbago due to wind pathogen, the lumbago due to retention of food, the lumbago due to humidity pathogen changed from $8.19{{\pm}1.68),\;8.58{\pm}(1.08),\;7.80{\pm}(2.28),\;8.67({\pm}1.46),\;9.00({\pm}1.41),\;8.50({\pm}0.71)\;to\;2.81({\pm}1.91),\;4.17({\pm}2.52),\;2.43({\pm}1.63),\;3.00({\pm}1.85),\;2.00,\;3.00$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.191-201
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to arrange the literature about a acupuncture therapy on the knee rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We arrange fifty kinds of literature about a acupuncture therapy of knee joint, knee arthritis, Results : Acupucture point at G30, G34, S36, LI11, B4O, G39, G38, LI4 used frequently for the acupuncture therapy Conclusion : B, G, S, Sp of merdians used frequently for the acupuncture therapy.