• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1971

관옥(關玉)을 수묘대(水苗垈), 육묘대(陸苗垈), 염분묘대(鹽分苗垈)에서 길러 수도생육기간중(水稻生育期間中)의 평균(平均) 염분농도(鹽分濃度) 0.48%(4월말(月末) 0.67%)의 간척지(干拓地)에 이앙(移秧)하고 암모니아 태(態)N와 요소태(尿素態)N의 2수준(水準)으로 시비(施肥)한 도합(都合) 6처리(處理)를 하여 각(各) 처리(處理) 요인(要因)의 효과(效果)를 보았던 바 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 아래와 같다. 1) 이앙기(移秧期)의 육묘(陸苗)는 초장(草長)이 짧았으나 건물중(乾物重)/초장(草長)이 크고 묘(苗)가 충실(充實)하였으며 염분지이앙후(鹽分地移秧後)의 발근력(發根力)이 현저(顯著)히 강(强)하였다. 2) 육묘(陸苗)는 다른 육묘법(育苗法)에 의(依)한 묘(苗)들에 비(比)하여 경부(莖部)의 함수탄소함량(含水炭素含量)이 현저(顯著)히 많으며 따라서 C/N비(比)가 대단(大端)히 컸고 이 경향(傾向)은 활착후기(活着後期)까지 계속(繼續)되었다. 3) 각(各) 묘(苗)들의 염분첨가배양액(鹽分添加培養液)에서 염분묘(鹽分苗)는 대체(大體)로 호흡활성(呼吸活性)이 높았으며 육묘(陸苗)는 수묘(水苗)에 비(比)하여 고염분배양액(高鹽分培養液)에서도 호흡활성(呼吸活性)이 떨어지지 않았다. 4) 육묘(陸苗)에 의(依)한 수도(水稻)는 다른 묘(苗)들에 비(比)하여 수수(穗數), 수중(穗重) 및 수당입수(穗當粒數)에서 우월(優越)하였으며 임실율(稔實率)이 낮은 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다. 5) 염분구(鹽分區)에서 유안(硫安)과 요소(尿素)의 정조수량(精租收量)에 대(對)한 비효(肥效)의 차(差)는 없었으며 육묘(陸苗) 및 염분묘(鹽分苗)에 의(依)한 재배방법(栽培方法)으로 수묘(水苗)에 비(比)하여 정조수량(精租收量)에서 33% 및 22%씩 각각(各各) 증수(增收)되였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.527-534
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• 1997

Freezing of an aqueous sodium cWoride solution (Nacl- H20) saturating a packed bed with ini¬tial salt concentrations of 5, 10, 15(k by weight is investigated experimentally in a rectangular cav¬ity. The system was cooled from the top, bottom and a vertical side wall. For the freezing experi¬ments from below, there was little effect of the initial salt concentration throughout the freezing process, and the global freezing rate was not affected by the initial salt concentration. For the freezing from above, the size of the mush region decreased and the mushlliquid interface became flatter as the initial liquid concentration is decreased. For the freezing from vertical side wall, reheating of the mixture was intensified with an increase in the initial salt concentration. For Ci= 5%, supercooling was observed only at the early times of freezing process, but for Ci= 15% small supercooling was observed throughout the freezing process.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.268-275
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• 1993

The whole cells of Actinoplanes missouriensis KCTC 1780 which produce glucose isomerase was immobillized by flocculation method for the effective production of high fructose syrup using packed-bed bioreactor system. Among the flocculation methods used In this study, the glucose Isomerase activity of flocculated cells using 5% polyethylenimmine and 0.2% glutaraldehyde was the highest as 46.3 unit, and the flocculant was 10.3g(wet weight) per 100m1 of broth, and the residual activity was 92.5%. In the batch operation of glucose isomerization using the flocculated cells, the optimum pH, temperature and isomerization ratio were 7.0, 75$^{\circ}C$ and 31%, respectively. The optimum concentration of Mg2+ which was activator on the glucose isomerization of flocculated cells was 0.1M, and glucose isomerase activity was increased by about 40% compared to none of Mg2+. In the packed-bed bioreactor system with 1.2 hour of residence time at 7$0^{\circ}C$, the reaction stability maintained until 96 hour without toss of activity, and the equilibrium was kept up to 120 hours of the operation.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권4_1호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2023

In this study, the spur gear with honeycomb lattice structures are designed. The pitch diameter and body length of the spur gear are Ø93 mm and 104.0 mm, respectively. The designed gear was printed using Powder bed fusion (PBF) 3D printer. The gear is 3D printed perfectly. Even the teeth and honeycombs of the gear were output in the same way as the design shape. The printed gear with honeycomb lattice structure has a 24% smaller cross-sectional area and 29% smaller volume and weight than conventional solid structure gears. The surface roughness is approximately 4.5㎛, and the hardness is 345 HV.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.80-96
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• 1999

This research focused on pattern adjustments of the stable knit garment for women. Fourteen different types of the knitted fabrics by 12 gauge, computerized flat bed machines were cut in as one half of the torso front, one half of the torso back, and one side of the sleeves for each of them. Guidelines such as the center front, the center back, the armhole, the bust-line, the waistline, the hip-line the hemline were basted on the torso patterns in the knitted fabrics. Also the grain-line, the elbow-line, and the hemline were basted on the one side of the sleeves in the same as above knitted fabrics. The torso patterns in the knitted fabrics were exhibited on the dress-forms on top of the torso patterns in Muslin, which also have the same guidelines drawn on. The distances between the guidelines on Muslin and those on the knitted fabrics for each set of the sample fabrics were measured every three days for two weeks. The fabric properties of the fourteen knitted fabrics such as fiber contents, stitch density both in the wale and course directions, weight, thickness, stretch & recovery, residual shrinkage, relaxation and drapability were laboratory tested for how these were related to finished appearance of 12 gauge, computerized flat knit garments and also in order to prove the fourteen knitted fabrics fall to a category of such as the stable knit. The results from the investigation revealed that six fabric properties such as stitch density, thickness, stretch recovery, residual shrinkage and relaxation were not so much significant factors as weight and drapability. In conclusion, fabric weight, and drapability of the fabric resulting from fiber contents were the cause of final appearance distortion of garment. When adapting patterns for stabilized, 12 gauge, computerized flat knitted fabrics, the fiber contents of the fabrics should be taken into consideration to reduce the production cost and produce better-fit garments.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

해파리 분말을 추가함으로써 나타나는 화분 내의 수분 흡착력 및 유지력은 일반 상토보다 월등하고 이는 작물을 관리함에 있어 안정성과 건기 또는 단수로 인한 수분고갈을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 미생물의 경우 DGGE pattern과 염기서열 분석을 통해 확연한 군집변화를 유도하였으며, 식물과 공생관계에서 중요한 Bacteroidetes들의 다양성을 증가시키는 효과를 보았다. 이러한 긍정적인 면이 있지만, 해파리를 분말화하는 공정에 있어서 Potassium alum을 사용 한다는 것이 문제점으로 나타났다. 이 문제를 해결해야만 상품으로써의 가치가 더욱 높아지는데, 이는 해파리가 상토 첨가제로써의 역할도 충분히 할 수 있기 위해서는 phosphate가 inorganic phosphate으로 변환되는 것을 방지해야 하기 때문이다. 요약하자면, 본 실험을 통해 해파리의 잠재적인 자원력 및 고부가 가치화의 가능성은 충분히 나타났다고 생각한다. 이것이 가지는 의미는 식용으로 사용되는 해파리는 제한적이며 독성 해파리들은 거의 사용되지 않기 때문에, 산업적 측면에서 가용성 자원이 늘어난다는 것이다. 또한 환경개선적 측면에서, 독성 해파리률 포함한 해파리들은 여름철 (약 7~8월경)에 해수의 온도 상승과 관련하여 개체수가 급증하여 각 종 어장과 해수욕장에 피해를 주게 된다. 그렇기에 고부가 가치화가 이루어진다면 해파리의 출몰 시기와 이동경로를 예측하여 독성 및 식용불가 해파리들을 사전에 어획함으로써 해양관련 산업에 피해를 줄이고 어민들의 어획종이 늘어남과 동시에 해파리를 이용한 상품을 개발하는 데에 필요한 원자재 확보에도 도움이 될 것이라 생각한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 1997

It has been studded that combustion and the production of air pollution of anthracite - bituminous coal blend In a fluidized bed coal combustor, The objects of thIns study were to investigate mixing characteristics of the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and Imported h19h calorific bltununous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. They were used as coal samples ; the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010kca1/kg and the Imported high grade bituminous coal with beating value of 6,520kca1/kg. Also, the effects of air flow rate and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition have been studied. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 300sc1h which was the fastest. It has been found that $O^2$ and $CO^2$ concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. It has been found that $O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased as the height of fluidlzed bed Increased. It was found that splash zone was mainly located from 25cm to 35cm above distributor. Also, as anthracite traction Increased, the mass of elutrlatlon particles Increased, and $CO^2$ concentration decreased. As gk flow rate Increased,$O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the uncombustible weight percentage according to average diameter of elutriation particles were approldmately high In the case of One Particles. As anthracite traction and k now rate Increased, elutriation ratio Increased. As anthracite fraction was increased, exit combustible content over feeding combustible content was Increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction, size distribution of Ued material from discharge was almost constant. Over bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$ and excess air 20% , the difference of combution efficiencies were little. It is estimate that the combustion condition In anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion is suitable at the velocity 0.3m/s, bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$, the excess air 20%.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1981

Rice hull was reduced to ash by carbonization grades to illcuidate alkalinity increase and extract of inorganic nutrients in the rice hull charcoal. Alkaline reaction of water extraction was neutral at less carbonized charcoal, but much carbonized ash from 65% weight loss reached over 10 of pH value, also origin shape of rice hull was maintained until near 65% carbonized grade. Therefore, physical properties sustained good condition for seedling bed. The more charcoal carbonized to ash, the pH value and concentration of inorganic nutrient in their extracts were increased gradually. Nitric acid concentrations for neutralizing extract from charcoal were stronger in proportion to the carbonized grade but 0.1 N nitric acid solution was very reasonable to neutralize the 65% carbonized charcoal for mixing with heavy texture acidy soil(pH 5.3) of uncultivated deep horizon to transplant the tobacco seedlings. Volume ratio mixing for seedling bed is adequate at five of ash to one of acid solution. Neutralization with nitric acid solution also accelerated extraction of the inorganic nutrient in rice hull ash. Tobacco seedlings grown on bed mixed with neutralized rice hull charcoal and soil had shown better results on the agronomic measurement than alkaline ash bed, and phosphorus and cations were uptaken more amounts.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

Purpose: Machine vision-based image processing methods can be useful for estimating the fresh weight of plants. This study analyzes the ability of two different image processing methods, i.e., morphological and pixel-value analysis methods, to measure the fresh weight of lettuce grown in a closed hydroponic system. Methods: Polynomial calibration models are developed to relate the number of pixels in images of leaf areas determined by the image processing methods to actual fresh weights of lettuce measured with a digital scale. The study analyzes the ability of the machine vision- based calibration models to predict the fresh weights of lettuce. Results: The coefficients of determination (> 0.93) and standard error of prediction (SEP) values (< 5 g) generated by the two developed models imply that the image processing methods could accurately estimate the fresh weight of each lettuce plant during its growing stage. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the growing status of a lettuce plant can be estimated using leaf images and regression equations. This shows that a machine vision system installed on a plant growing bed can potentially be used to determine optimal harvest timings for efficient plant growth management.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1976

잣나무 2-1묘(苗)와 방크스소나무 1-1묘(苗)의 생장(生長)에 미치는 밀도효과(密度効果)를 보기 위하여 광릉묘포(光陵苗圃)에서 잣나무의 경우는 $m^2$당 36본에서 324본까지 식재(植栽)하였으며 방크스소나무는 25본에서 169본까지 식재(植栽) 하였다. 실험결과(實驗結果) 묘고(苗高), 근원경(根元經), 건중량(乾重量) 및 규격묘(規格苗) 생산(生産)에 뚜렷한 효과(効果)를 보았다. 잣나무 2-1묘(苗)는 밀식(密植)시킬수록 수고생장(樹高生長)은 증대되고, 방크스소나무는 식재밀도구간(植栽密度區間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 잣나무와 방크스소나무는 밀식시킬수록 근원경(根元經) 생장(生長)은 감소되는 경향이 있으나 후자(後者)가 급격히 감소하고 있다. 잣나무의 평균목(平均木) 건중량(乾重量)은 밀식(密植)시킬수록 감소율은 낮으나 방크스소나무는 높다. 밀식(密植)으로 인해 일반적으로 T/R율(率)의 값은 증대되나 식재밀도구간(植栽密度區間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 나타나지 않고 있다. 평균목(平均木)의 잎 뿌리와 줄기의 건중량은 밀식(密植)시킬수록 감소되고 있으나 방크스소나무가 잣나무 보다 감소율이 높다. 그리고 잣나무의 경우는 줄기의 건중량(乾重量)은 밀식구(密植區)와 소식구간(疎植區間)에 차(差)가 적다. 밀식(密植)으로 나타나는 잣나무의 세장성(細長性) 보다는 방크스소나무의 세장성(細長性)이 더욱 높게 나타나고 있으나 밀식(密植)시킬수록 전체적인 물질생산량(物質生産量)은 증대되리라 생각 된다. 이상의 생장특성(生長特性)으로보아 잣나무의 이식상(移植床)을 만들때와 조림(造林)은 밀식(密植)시키도록 하고 방크스소나무는 소식(疎植)함이 효과(効果)적일것으로 생각 된다. 잣나무 2-1묘(苗)의 규격(規格)은 간장(幹長) 18cm 근원경(根元經)은 4mm로 개정(改正)시키고 $m^2$당 이식본수(移植本數)는 묘포비옥도(苗圃肥沃度)에 따라 160~200본(本)으로 함이 적합하리라 생각되며, 방크스소나무 1-1묘(苗)의 규격(規格)은 간장(幹長) 25cm 근원경(根元經) 6mm가 적합하며 $m^2$당 이식본수(移植本數)는 묘포비옥도(苗圃肥沃度)에 따라 100-120본(本)이 적합할 것이다.