• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2018

In this study, existential thoughts in Frank Lloyd Wright's notion of nature were investigated. Wright, a modern architect, presented the idea of creating organic architecture in harmony with nature. His naturalistic romanticism is considered to be the original inspiration for his concept of organic architecture. However, his understanding of architecture in harmony with nature stems from existential ideas in his notion of nature, including humanity. The proposed study analyzes his existential beliefs through his speeches and writings in four categories-love of nature, thoughts of abstract and concrete, nature as being intrinsic and "becoming," and thoughts on science and art. Our analyses reveal that, on the one hand, Wright was inspired by thoughts of naturalistic romanticism born from his disillusionment with city life and an urge to seek life in nature, while, on the other, he also believed that real nature is intrinsic to humans and manifests itself in the very core of their being. He sought to unite humanity, as the interior of nature, with its physical environment, as the exterior of nature. His notion of nature is a "becoming" one that changes with time and space, and varies based on individual humans. In line with these thoughts, Wright sought to create forms not only with respect to mathematical dimensions, but also in consideration of human significance. He considered art and architecture to be born out of an integral thought as a process of humanization. To him, nature is interpreted by humans.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2011

There are two methods to resolve conflicts related to constructions which are through lawsuits and ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) just like any other conflicts. Along with the special characteristics pertaining to the conflicts related to constructions, the advantages that ADR is in possession of such as its cost, duration and professionalism, resolving conflicts through ADR has been considered to be more logical than any other options recently. In Korea's case at present, the resolution of conflicts regarding constructions through ADR is mostly dependent on administrative mediation or through arbitration. However, in the case of the administrative mediation, its usage rate is very low due to problems caused by problems in its running and effectiveness. In the case of arbitration, the services of the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board is comparatively used more but because of the fact that arbitration relies on a single trial system and the fact that its executive powers while having the same effectiveness as the final ruling does not get acknowledged leads to the phenomena of avoiding its usage. In addition, in relation to the selective arbitration clause, the problem of effectiveness of the arbitrative agreement is becoming a hindrance to the activation and promotion of the arbitration process. Furthermore, in the case where the ordering body is the government, the public servant involved in the case avoiding the arbitration process because of concerns of being penalized by the internal and external audit within the institution is becoming a problem as well. These problems are not only limited to conflicts regarding constructions and there needs to be actions taken to promote the activation of ADR by enacting a basic law. The more important issue at hand however is offering a resolution measure that would be the most appropriate for users and this could probably be done only through actions such as implementing the American partnering system or the dispute adjudication board system so that they can supervise the resolution of conflicts through mediation, arbitration, and assistance as well as offering consultations regarding conflicts related to constructions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1977

The growth of red and black pines in Muan, Seochen, Gapyeong and Kochang areas was compared by means of the growth of annual ring width and stem analysis to study the process of damages caused by pine needle gall midge. Red pine forest of Seocheon area began to suffer by pine needle gall midge from 1961 and the damage was to becoming severe from 1967. The damage became so intense tha tmany forests are withering to death from spring of 1975. Black pine forest also began to suffer from 1973. Red pine forest of Muan area was supposed to be suffered from 1973. Red pine forest of Kochang area suffered by pine needle gall midge from 1967. It seems that the damage became severe from 1973 and that black pine forest was also badly damaged from that time. Red pine forest of the control plot, Gapyeong area, began to suffer from 1967 and it also became intense from 1973. Although the areas of Seocheon, Muan, Kochang, and Gapyeong are different from each other in terms of locality and the infitration period of pine needle gall equally from 1967 due to mass development of population or other factors and the damage became more intense from 1973. Black pine forest was also badly damaged from that time. Black pine seems to be stronger in insect resistant than red pine. This can be justified by the fact that it began to suffer belatedly in each area and the degree of damage is moderate. The damage of Seocheon area is the severest following Kochang. Muan area is relatively moderate but the forest becoming decrease in growth.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.819-826
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• 2001

Genetic algorithms are becoming more popular because of their relative simplicity and robustness. Genetic algorithms are global search techniques for nonlinear optimization. However, traditional genetic algorithms, though robust, are generally not the most successful optimization algorithm on any particular domain because they are poor at hill-climbing, whereas simulated annealing has the ability of probabilistic hill-climbing. Therefore, hybridizing a genetic algorithm with other algorithms can produce better performance than using the genetic algorithm or other algorithms independently. In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid optimization algorithm named the adaptive random signal-based learning. Random signal-based learning is similar to the reinforcement learning of neural networks. This paper describes the application of genetic algorithms and simulated annealing to a random signal-based learning in order to generate the parameters and reinforcement signal of the random signal-based learning, respectively. The validity of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by applying it to two different examples.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

XML을 핵심 기술로 사용하는 RosettaNet이나 BizTalk 등의 다양한 전자상거래 프레임워크들이 생겨나기 시작하면서 프레임워즈들은 각자의 표준에 따라 파트너간에 비즈니스 프로세스를 수행하게 된다. 이러한 프레임워크간의 상이함은 전자상거래시 기업 간의 문서의 다양성으로 인하여 문서 교환에 어려움이 따르게 된다. 본 논문에서는 XML문서의 정보를 추출 단계를 거쳐 문서정보를 기반으로 매핑 정보를 생성한 후 문서간의 매핑룰을 적용하여 변환할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 따라서 전자상거래 프레임워크 간 정보의 손실 없이 상호 문서 교환이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 신뢰할 수 있는 교환이 가능하다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.294-305
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• 2004

Highly detailed geometric models are rapidly becoming commonplace in computer graphics and other applications. These complex models, which is often represented as complex1 triangle meshes, mainly suffer from the vast memory requirement for real-time manipulation of arbitrary geometric shapes without loss of data. Various techniques have been devised to challenge these problems in views of geometric processing, not a representation scheme. This paper proposes the new mesh structure for the compact representation and the efficient handling of the highly complex models. To verify the compactness and the efficiency, the memory requirement of our representation is first investigated and compared with other existing representations. And then we analyze the time complexity of our data structure by the most critical operation, that is, the enumeration of the so-called one-ring neighborhood of a vertex. Finally, we evaluate some elementary modeling functions such as mesh smoothing, simplification, and subdivision, which is to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our mesh structure in the context of the geometric modeling and processing.

• 경영과학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2003

City gas is becoming an essential resource in households due to its convenience and low price in comparison to other energy sources. However, in order to prepare for the gas market to be saturated, many city gas companies must pursue customer satisfaction management and develop happy call systems for a promising solution. In the development of the happy call systems, the difficult problem is that we cannot contact all customers because of limited resources and calling efficiency in the call center, We should find best customers according to their value. This paper suggests a methodology for the selection of happy call customers when city 9as companies consider two strategies. First, they should launch a new business area. Second, they must attempt to prevent current customers from moving from city gas to other fuels. We will discover important attributes and derive rules of weighting for the attributes through an exploration study that affect customer satisfaction and preference. Through a simulation model, we will show how many customers will be selected by our methodology.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.58-61
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• 2006

The mixed-use building is certainly one of the significant alternatives for urban dwelling based on the over-crowded urban condition as well as the ever-changing contemporary life patterns. It is clear that residential and other programs somehow are becoming more separated in most high quality mixed-use buildings in Seoul. Thus making the space between residential and other programs where diverse multi activities can be inserted is extremely important in terms of bridging the different urban programs. This research aims to briefly analyze the mixed-use programs in contemporary cities and case projects to see how they respond to unique characteristics of each projects by creating different mixed zones and spaces.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2012

As the new requirements for wireless sensor networks are emerging, real-time communications is becoming a major research challenge because resource-constrained sensor nodes are not powerful enough to accommodate the complexity of the protocol. In addition, an efficient energy management scheme has naturally been a concern in wireless sensor networks for a long time. However, the existing schemes are limited to meeting one of these two requirements. To address the two factors together, we propose real-time communications with two approaches, a protocol for satisfied conditions and one for unsatisfied. Under the satisfied requirement, existing real-time protocol is employed. On the other hand, for the unsatisfied requirement, the newly developed scheme replaces the existing scheme by adjusting the transmission range of some surplus nodes. By expanding the transmission range, the end-to-end delay is shortened because the number of intermediate nodes decreases. These nodes conserve their energy for real-time communications by avoiding other activities such as sensing, forwarding, and computing. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme in high traffic environments.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.2067-2077
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• 1999

Recently, turbomachine blades are becoming larger and more flexible, it is necessary to calculate natural frequencies of a rotating blades for avoiding resonance. This problem is complicated by the fact that blades are tapered, twisted and curved. To keep with this demands, the designer must rely on more exact methods of calculation. In this paper, natural frequencies of a single straight or curved blade with variable R.P.M. are calculated by a stiffness matrix method. Results of investigation on the correspondence between the calculated and other values of the literature are described. The calculated values are agree with the other values but with a small error. Furthermore, the influence of Coriolis force on the natural frequency for rotating, curved turbo blades is described.