• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.96-108
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• 2012

In modern society, humans' misdirected aspirations towards ideal beauty are discussed and criticized. This research utilizes a paradox to express the modern standard of beauty and the society's homogenization of it through plastic surgery. An empirical analysis was conducted of the artist's works that reflect anti-lookism. The works were classified as provocation, aesthetic, symbolic and paradoxical depending on the variety of the artists' approaches and expressions. Also, this part looks at anti-lookism cases in modern fashion industry that were given lascivious expressions. They characterized various types of human beauty. Anti-lookism is a movement that goes against this social trend. It seeks to awaken modern citizens from blind submission to homogenized beauty and commercialization of humans. This study intends to offer an image of ideal beauty that should appreciate and the concept of an ideal female body. The author hope that further researches are done in social, political, cultural and other levels of the society to establish anti-lookism.

• 복식
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2013

This research is to analyze costumes of Greek Mythology Gods in films using Morris' semiotics. In film "Clash of The Titans", Zeus' costume of shining gold armored body suit and long manteaux expressed the limitless sublime. The definite form contouring body shape of his costume also demonstrated classical beauty. Hades' costume of dark colored armor, long manteaux, and transformation via smoke also described the limitless sublime. The unbalanced and irregular shaped armor showed ugliness. In "Percy Jackson & The Olympians: The Lightening Thief", the armor and long manteaux of Zeus showed the limitless sublime. The beauty of his body and his sophisticated business wear indicated classical beauty. These features were also present in Poseidon's costume as well. The limitless sublime and ugliness are implied in Hades' look by portraying him as having a monster body with horns and wings, and his costume of punk look. In "Immortals", gods of Olympus wore clothing that was reminiscent of Egyptian times, which represented a time of strong royal authority, in order to expose the limitless sublime. Classical beauty was shown in the beauty of their body. Titans' costumes and look of non-human being were composed of black and red to present ugliness. The inherent meanings of Gods' costumes are death of god, patriarchy, and the good triumphing over the evil. The Greek gods are not held in the same reverence in the contemporary society. However mythology inspires lots of visual creations. The results help to accumulate a creative design database for fashion.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.214-224
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• 2006

Computer graphics mean a reproduction of various information through image processing or the technology that is widely thought in makeup areas also, recently. Especially, Adobe Illustrator, unlike Adobe Photoshop used in image editing and correction, is software suitable for image drawing and reproducing beauty makeup. Beauty makeup is a work adorning human body to fit to the aesthetic standard in that period, and is a plastic art expressing shapes, colors and textures using design elements. Adobe Illustrator is a 2D graphics designing images using shapes having plane colors. In this study I studied techniques reproducing each element of contours and colors of beauty makeup through Adobe Illustrator CS. In other words, I have prepared a reference data by studying techniques reproducing beauty makeup using Adobe Illustrator CS. In this study, though, I couldn't try various things, because I limited facial contour and skin color to only one kind. Therefore, I hope, in the future, others can expand the ethnics of using Adobe Illustrator in more enriched ways by working on various facial contours and skin colors.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2009

This study is about the analysis on symbolic meaning and kunstwollen of Issey Miyake's art works which is influenced by various external factors such as social and cultural background, nationality and philosophy. Especially, this research focused on 'Pleats Please Issey Miyake' and 'A Piece of Cloth' which are the core of his works. The most important concept of Issey Miyake's works is the relationship of human body and a piece of cloth. Miyake's clothes has provided the time and the space where inspires the vitality into wearer. He accomplishes the most perfect beauty through incomplete beauty of cloth. Miyake wants to express the emotion of the human being through his clothes and tries to make special code between creator, wearer and viewer. Fashion is accomplished in connection with human body, not exists just as 'clothes'. Fashion has valued as an art which expresses the ideology and the sentiment of human being most directly. Issey Miyake who has tried to express human life and emotion has promoted fashion as an important part of art. Miyake is accepting and delivering the history and culture, expressing and communicating empathy, and combining the different fields harmoniously.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate perceptions of body image, body satisfaction, and dietary habits of beauty art major and non-major college students in Gyeonggi province. A total of 312 self-administered questionnaires (beauty art majors=145; non-majors=167) were analyzed. The means for height, weight, and BMI were 161.7 cm, 51.4 kg and 19.7, respectively. There were more majors who were underweight according to BMI classification than non-majors. Sixty-six percent of the subjects had previous weight control experience, and there was no significant difference between the majors and non-majors. The mean score for current body image was 4.61 out of a possible 9 points in the majors, which was significantly lower than 4.95 in the non-majors, and their perception of an ideal body image was thinner than their current body image. Those with more weight control experience had currently heavier perceptions of their body. The mean score for body satisfaction was 2.60 out of a possible 5 points, which was lower than the mean score for their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies. The mean score for dietary habits was 2.80 out of a possible 5 points, and there was no significant difference with dietary habits according to weight control experience or BMI classification. In both the majors and non-majors, there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and perception of current body image (p<0.001, p<0.001), and a negative correlation between BMI and body satisfaction (p<0.01, p<0.001). In the major students, there were significant positive correlations between dietary habits and body satisfaction (p<0.01), and attitudes toward the body importance (p<0.05); therefore, the greater their body satisfaction and body importance, the higher their scores for dietary habits.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.30-49
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• 2009

This study was intended to research how such Japonisme affected the western fashion and to consider that the unique Japanese fashion was implemented in the western mode as the traditional aesthetic sense got jointed with the western culture together and was expressed as the modern Japonisme beauty. The beauty of 'Date' was the aesthetic sense created focused on the noble culture of public family. On the contrary, 'Iki', 'Wabi', 'Sabi' and 'Shibusa' is the Japanese lower middle class's universal living aesthetics. 'Kawaii' is influence on an animation, cartoon and character industry as well as the whole world’s fashion style as one of the common aesthetic sense of the world people in the modern time. That is, Japanese fashion designers expressed the human body with such the aesthetic sense by the design of shape, space, fusion, amusement through clothes. It could be concluded that they created an autonomous amusement’s design world over the visual beauty of human body.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제6권
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• pp.140-202
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• 2004

Body means 1)the whole structure and substance of a man, animal, or plant 2) the trunk or torso of a man or animal 3) part of garment that covers the trunk 4) the fresh or material substance, as opposed to the spirit. Human body could be distinguished as fresh and spirit. Body has the meaning of physicality. Physical means the bodily and constitution, but in the meaning of constitution there is the content of spirituality. Physicality means the appearing or arising of trace or image or nuance of body. The paintings which are using bodies are 1) directly draw bodies 2) twisting or transformation or nuance of the body and highly upgrade the physical emotion or fantastic bodily nuance 3) directly rubbing artist's body on the surface of painting with pigments to elect tactile specification. These physical art have appeared broadly by various artists, mainly with the social aspects of sex, drug, psycho sexual issues. In case of Joel peter Whitkin, the reason of strong physicality in the art is from the mind of the rejection and resistance of real world which is targeting top, perfect and beauty. Further explanation, being the world which is separated top and under, men and women, beauty and ugly; further in the situation, the hierarchy, terror and pressure began and many difficult problems has derived. The contents of attacking feminists's art works are very obscene to reveal female and male's phallus strongly. Sometime, it is strongly related in the political issues. The physical paintings have strong meanings in the action by hands and feet. It supports that it could reveal the humanity with smell, breath, and traces of bodies. In the bodies, the origin of life begins which gives human life by blood lines and water. Sometime, the physical paintings are made by the blood and urine to stick the physicality for special nuance. The physical paintings are made by the image of penis and clitoris which are related in the image of urinating, ejaculation and sometime is symbolized as pens and candles to drop liquid. The selected painters who are related in physical painting are Jackson Pollock, Andrea Serano, Eve Klein, Francis Bacon, Francesco Clemente, Lichard Long, Jakes & Dinos Chapman, Anselm Kiefer, Kiki Smith and Park, Ki Woong. Francis Bacon's style is destructive in representing human shapes which give us special message about the unbearable activity of men politician, high brain, wealthy and religious people. Francesco Clemente's method is to use throat, ear hole, mouse, clitoris, belly nostrils and every holes of body to transmute human physical body. Lichard Long uses directly his body in drawing the surface of painting by using liquid of mud Jakes & Dinos Chapman destroys or transforms the bodies of human. It sometime appears wrong location of the bodies that the penis and vulva is in between human faces or nose of women, Anselm Kiefer uses human hair for representing the human decaying martyrs, and indirectly using straw, he gives special ritual action to repent the Nazi's fault. From 2002 to 2003, Park KI Woong used women womb images to intermingle the smoke shape of <9.11 terror, 2001> in New York to reveal the painful situation of the time(*).

• 복식
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of exterior influential factors and kunstwollen(artistic will) of fashion designer. In order to investigate the differences which based on periodic backgrounds, social influences, cultural actualities and kunstwollen, Vivienne Westwood, Issey Miyake and Hussein Chalayan who have different social and cultural contexts are selected. Also through this research, people would understand the clothes has the values as the art works which have philosophy of creator and recognize the importance of fashion as an intermediation for comprehension of history, society and culture. Vivienne Westwood presents her honor to British history and culture in the way of her unique interpretation. Also she expresses the authority and the pride of woman who lives in the present age. Issey Miyake accomplishes the harmony of human body and soul. He attains the most perfect beauty through incomplete beauty of cloth. Hussein Chalayan produces his fashion works as a form of concept which is keep asking question about existence of human being. Fashion is the work of art which Is based on the relationship between clothes, human body and spirit. The fashion designer makes human life has value through his or her creations and tries to communicate with the world.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2016

This study investigated the ideal female beauty in advertisement images through the iconological comprehension of Renaissance portraits and explored the longitudinal change of the ideal female beauty in modern Korean society. A total of 146 cover images on Hyang-Jang magazine, which is the company magazine of AMORE PACIFIC Group, from 1972 to 2012 were selected as the data. These images were divided into 10-year units for analysis using iconological criteria, which were pose, shape of eyes and lip, and hairstyle. The way presenting the cover images on Hyang-Jang magazine had changed in order to emphasize female body, self-satisfaction and independence of female, and sexual attractiveness of female. The results of this study implied that the change of ideal female beauty had been affected by socio-cultural contexts of modern Korean society that has industrialized and democratized in a short period of time.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.182-198
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• 2022

Bullying at school results in a variety of psychological and social issues. Even after victims reach adulthood, these issues do not resolve and can have detrimental effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of school bullying victimization on body appreciation in adulthood. Considerations include multi-mediating effects of physical attractiveness comparison and ambivalent emotions toward beauty. A research model comprised of six hypotheses was derived applying the A (adversity)-B (belief)-C (consequence) theory. A survey with 583 South Korean women in their twenties to forties was conducted to collect data. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-mediation analysis were applied, and all hypotheses were accepted. School bullying victimization had a negative influence on body appreciation in adulthood. Additionally, physical attractiveness comparison and ambivalent emotions toward beauty mediated this causal relationship. Also, the mediating effect of physical attractiveness comparison on the relationship between school bullying victimization and body appreciation was the greatest among the three mediating effects. This study demonstrated that bullying victimization at school continues into adulthood, which hurts body appreciation of adulthood. The findings would contribute to the development of therapy programs for school bullying victims.