• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.83-105
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• 2017

In contemporary society interest in and consumption of beauty treatment are increasing, raising interest in health and beauty. However, beauty-related laws are becoming factors of hindrance of beauty development. Currently the Public Health Control Act plays a basic role in the beauty art business in Korea, However the contents are in discord with international laws and its definition is not clear. Therefore it is causing conflicts of different occupations and job associations which are similar to art business. Especially, because neither definitions nor policies on beauty care devices exist in the Public Health Control Act, beauty care devices using in foreign countries cannot be used in Korea due to classification as medical devices. Under this circumstance, therefore, beauty care device uses by beauty artists violate the law. The government has tried to solve these irrational regulations. Recently, the Small and Medium Business Administration announced 'the improvement plan of small business and young founders site regulation for public economy recovery' in a ministerial meeting on December 28, 2016. Regulations on policy preparation for skincare devices were inclusive in this announcement. It is the question whether the regulations will be executed or not. Even though beauty industrial competitiveness was presented in the 18th Presidential Council on National Competitiveness in 2009, it was not practiced. The proposal bills for beauty law improvement have been put forth several times since 2000 including an improvement plan for regulating beauty care devices. However, so far there have been no improvements. The damage on the regulation classifying beauty devices as medical devices is not only restricted to skincare. This develops beauty devices and the beauty industry which imports and exports beauty devices. When beauty devices are exported, complicated procedures are unavoidable and when beauty devices are imported, irrational problems like reregistration procedures and costs occur. The reason why an improvement plan has not gone into practice is the resistance of the dermatologists' association. Dermatologists tend to stand positively against harming public health by saying that beauty devices used by beauty artists cause people to suffer side effects. In contrast, anyone who has a licence to use beauty devices is able to use them in foreign countries. It is not only infringement of one's right as a beauty artist but also people's right to receive beauty care services. With this reason, Korean's current law under which beauty devices are ruled as medical devices should be revised with accordance to domestic surroundings. Therefore in order to advance and globalize the beauty industry, the support and cooperation of the Korean government and relevant associations is needed to legislate and revise the beauty devices laws. The relevant associations abandon regional self-centeredness and cooperate to define ranges, size and management of beauty devices for safe use. If no collaboration exists, an arbitration agency should be established to solve the problem.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2019

This study was designed to prepare measures for future development and growth of local cosmetics industry by examining awareness, purchasing behaviors and satisfaction of beauty professionals with regard to Korean brand mask packs that have recently created a big trend in the beauty market. According to the results of survey, 80.6 percent of the respondents said that the most important factor in buying a mask pack was 'effect,' and as for the needed improvement of mask packs, 33.7 percent responded 'effect,' indicating that consumers still find the function of a product is unreliable. In addition, the respondents said that 'K-beauty effect' was the reason why mask packs were highly popular abroad, especially in China, and items that can promote beauty market were also said to be 'K-beauty advertising and promotion,' so it is believed that a good impression of K-culture rather than its own efficacy or reliability is leading to the present results. Therefore, K-beauty industry is expected to grow further in the global market if domestic and abroad consumers' confidence on the product is gained through the development of superior products that have improved effect and usability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.1 s.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this Study is to provide basic data for the development of the beauty industry to meet its increased demand and liberated world markets more properly by analyzing the change of beauty environment by ages. For the Study, the literature and articles of costume and beauty, periodicals of beauty companies, and internet data were referred to review and analyze changing proceeds of beauty industries from the 1900 to the present by ages. The findings of the Study are as follows: We had the first barber shop and hairdressing salon in 1901 and 1920, respectively, after the Danbal Ryeong(A Crop Ordinance); modern education for women and active social movements resulted in change of hair styles; permanent wave tools and chemicals began to be used in the 1930s; and more people started to visit hairdressing salons after 1950s. In turn change of hair styles promoted the development of beauty technologies and the diversity of beauty tools and products. Now up-to-date instrument and products for the health of hair are developed, hairdresser provide kinder service for their customers and adjust their floor space accordingly, and, as shown in five-day workweek, are making their endeavors to improve wellbeing of their employees.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the growth factors and industrial role of cosmetics OEM·ODM enterprises that have played an important role in Korea's growth as the fourth-largest cosmetics exporter in the world. Since the OEM industry was first introduced to Korea by Kolmar Korea in 1990, the industry has grown to account for 12.619 trillion won as of 2016 and 69.9% of sales of local products. Also, the industry not only supported brand enterprises to enter the global market but also directly supplied products to global enterprises, contributing to economic growth and rising national prestige. Growth factors in Korea's cosmetics OEM·ODM industry can be found in the development of differentiated business models, such as continuous technology development, active response to the industrial environment, and settling a system with technology and creative ideas. For sustained growth and development of Korean cosmetics industry, OEM·ODM needs to be settled as Korea's own industry and co-exist with brand enterprises in complementary relations.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.120-134
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• 2020

Recently, the beauty industry has implemented personalized services based on skin big data. To increase competitiveness in the beauty industry, systematic data measurement and evaluation indicators are necessary to select data and obtain necessary knowledge. In response, this study sought to stably enhance the accuracy of skin diagnosis based on satisfaction and reliability. To this end, the research was conducted through focus group interviews (FGI), a case study of brands, and analysis of prior research results. In particular, as a result of analyzing keywords that classify skin types by brand, common survey items for skin types were oiliness and using moisturizer, cosmetic use and vascular of skin, external stimulus and blemish & freckles, facial wrinkle, outside activities, self-consciousness, and smoke. In additioin to the common questions of the preceding study and the brand survey items, the questions concerning complex skin types, seasonal change, facial color, wrinkles and elasticity were added, and the questions were presented in a total of 40 items. In particular, it suggested that skin measurement could be conducted by focusing on elasticity and pigmentation items by reflecting the results of prior research and the opinions of FGI, and based on this, a customized service with high satisfaction and high accuracy of beauty care based on this could be proposed. We hope that this study will facilitate active self-care by providing more satisfying skin stones and personalized cosmetics proposals, thus laying the foundation for the further development of the cosmetics industry.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.686-693
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• 2022

The rapid development of the fashion industry in contemporary society has also caused various problems such as environmental pollution, material excess, and spiritual poverty. Accordingly, traditional Chinese Taoist aesthetics can solve the spiritual poverty that people are facing today, and the spiritual pursuit of returning to innocence. This study focuses on the works of first generation Chinese designer Ma Ke as an example to discuss the embodiment and application of Taoist aesthetics. The results are as follows: First, Ma Ke's works emphasize the value of handicraft through traditional handcrafting and natural fibers, which reflect the beauty of simplicity and the non-action of Taoist aesthetics. Second, the works acknowledge nature by using natural materials and retaining their original appearance, which embodies Taoist aesthetics of the beauty in non-action and living in harmony with nature. Third, the collections reflect a critical attitude toward the fashion industry and consumer culture by rethinking consumerism and advocating environmental protection, thus propagating the beauty in simplicity and the harmonious life with nature in Taoism aesthetics. In conclusion, Ma Ke's designs incorporating sustainability and handicraft exhibit the core features of Taoist aesthetics, including the beauty in simplicity, non-action, and living in harmony with nature while exploring the relationship between modernity and tradition, man and nature, and handicraft and fashion. This research can contribute to understanding Ma Ke's works in promoting critical thinking about the fashion industry through Taoist aesthetics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.725-731
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• 2023

With the development of technology, many changes have emerged in how consumers acquire information without restrictions on their location and time. As changes and interest in digital platforms increase, beauty industry applications are being developed in order to attract customers. Therefore, this study has provided the empirical data necessary for the development and advancement of beauty applications in the future by analyzing preferences for makeup applications according to age. The method of this study involved searching for makeup applications that had been downloaded more than 100 million times through the Google Play Store between October 11, 2020 to November 3, 2020. Four applications were identified: YouCma Makeup, YouCam Perfect, Beauty Plus, and Sweet Snap. The surveyed functions were tested on 100 people in their teens, 20s, 30s, and 40s, with a similar profile of 100 people in their teens, 20s, 30s, and 40s surveyed from January 3, 2022 to April 23, 2022. The functional preferences of the application were investigated, and the results were analyzed through frequency analysis. The results are as follows: the application that received the greatest preference for features by age was YCM, which was found to have subdivided functions that provide users a wider range of choices and more detailed work when compared to other applications which enable photo retouching.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.91-105
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• 2016

Today the beauty industry has reached a point of saturation, and competition has become fiercer than ever. Furthermore, customer needs and expectations have become increasingly sophisticated and diversified. In particular, it has become more difficult for small beauty salons to maintain customer loyalty by staying competitive and satisfying customer needs and demand. In fact, beauty salon customers want to get individualized services as well as a wide variety of hairstyles. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the sustainability management of beauty salons. It looked at how an increase in sales and in customer loyalty can be achieved by enhancing awareness of the fact that small beauty salons' competitiveness stems from strenuous efforts for the best customer service, individualized hairstyling services, professional skills and customer trust. The study results found that beauty salons need to keep promoting development and improvement for the following: advanced skills, excellent services, reasonable price, convenient locations, advertisement and PR, development of an exclusive manual, intensive staff training and character education plan, complaint management and follow-up and decrease in customer migration.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.649-664
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• 2018

With the rapid growth of the Chinese cosmetics market and the continuous introduction of new products into the market, beauty videos generated by other consumers, that are by beauty vloggers, have become a major source of information for cosmetics consumers. With the popularity of beauty vlogs in China, beauty vloggers have become influencers who affect consumers' information processing and attitude development regarding cosmetic products and beauty routines. The current study aims to explore the characteristics of beauty vloggers that affect consumers' attitudes toward both the beauty vlogs and the products featured in those vlogs. Based on parasocial interaction theory, the study examines whether perceived characteristics of beauty vloggers influence consumers' perceived parasocial interaction, which in turn influences their attitudes. The study employs an online survey, which was administered to female consumers in China. Data from a total of 372 responses was used for analysis. Findings show that the perceived similarities to and perceived trustworthiness of vloggers have a significant impact on parasocial interactions, which influences consumer attitudes toward both the vlogs and the products shown in them. Perceived reliability and perceived attractiveness are shown to have a positive impact on consumer attitudes toward vlogs. Perceived expertise, attractiveness, similarity, and trustworthiness have all been shown to affect product attitudes. These results show that while beauty vlogs have a significant impact on consumers' decision-making processes, the perceived characteristics of beauty vloggers themselves are important to consumers in the development of their attitudes toward both vlogs and products.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.233-243
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• 2010

Thanks to the rapid advance of modern technology in industrial society, economic and material abundances have not only caused a variety of cultural industry to develop but also brought about the development of beauty treatment industry. Like this, the industry has continually expanded into the public rapidly by forming a new beauty trend along with the growth of mass media such as T.V, advertisement, vogue magazine, and film. And make-up is also broadening its artistic areas by utilizing various expression skills and consistently changing with beauty trends, which has influences on Make-up Illustration. As a result, it has been recognized as a new conception of 'art' expanding in interpretation of communicating with the masses under condition of modern culture and stressed in its part more and more. It is expected that Make-up Illustration playing an important role in the exchange of fashion trend information between beauty treatment industry and people will be studied in different-image-expression ways to raise its artistic value and be a useful material for research and creation activities in the foreseeable future by Make-up Illustration made of computer graphics.