• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.43
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• pp.225-242
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• 1999

Generally people and their lives are the basic object of literary works. Although each literary work possesses a different degree of significance depending upon the author's intention the description of costume becomes an indispensable factor in the formation of characters and the social background. In this paper the types of men's and women's clothing in fashion from 1895 to 1942 are studied fior the purpose of understanding the correlation between hyo-Suk's description of the attire and the vogue of the time. Consequently it was clarified that his descriptions of costume have an analogy with the fashion during the era. Especially this study ascertains that the beauty of costume as a formative art emphasizes the altered inherited and developing traditional Korean beauty influenced by exoticism. In conclusion the aesthetic consciousness of Hyo-Suk Lee tells us clearly that the beauty of Korea is the universal beauty apprecialted regardless of place and time. Such an aestheitic consciousness is not rigid but continously transforming. his literarywork clearly shows a new aesthetic categry formed by combination of traditonal Korean beauty and the aesthetic consciousness of exoticism.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.96-108
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• 2012

In modern society, humans' misdirected aspirations towards ideal beauty are discussed and criticized. This research utilizes a paradox to express the modern standard of beauty and the society's homogenization of it through plastic surgery. An empirical analysis was conducted of the artist's works that reflect anti-lookism. The works were classified as provocation, aesthetic, symbolic and paradoxical depending on the variety of the artists' approaches and expressions. Also, this part looks at anti-lookism cases in modern fashion industry that were given lascivious expressions. They characterized various types of human beauty. Anti-lookism is a movement that goes against this social trend. It seeks to awaken modern citizens from blind submission to homogenized beauty and commercialization of humans. This study intends to offer an image of ideal beauty that should appreciate and the concept of an ideal female body. The author hope that further researches are done in social, political, cultural and other levels of the society to establish anti-lookism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.113-117
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• 2007

Wabi-Sabi is the most conspicuous and characteristic feature of what we think of as traditional Japanese beauty. It occupies roughly the same position in the japanese pantheon of aesthetic values as do the Greek ideals of beauty and perfection in the West. All things air impermanent. All things are imperfect. all things are incomplete. it offers an aesthetic ideal that uses the uncompromising touch of mortality to focus the mind on the exquisite transient beauty to be found in aoo things impermanent. Wabi-Sabi is a beauty of things imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete. It is a beauty of things modest and humble. It is a beauty of things unconventional. Wabi-Sabi is the art of everyday life. These may be the methods for the relationship establishment between human and space on the ground of Wabi-Sabl concepts which is commonly found no in contemporary interior space in japan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59-73
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• 1997

Past research suggests that a landscape has a specific situational meaning that is comprized of physical, social, and functional dimensions. and that the meaning: influences person/landscape interactions. In this study. the effect of landscape meaning on three landscape assessment(scenic beauty assessment, picnic preference, living preference) was tested by manipulating landscape meaning in three ways: Korean-positive, Korean-neutral, American-positive The results showed that landscape ,meaning played an important role in determining cognitive interactions and affective experiences of landscapes. However, it should be notch that the beneficial effect of positive meaning on landscape experiences depended on people's tasks and levels of oflandscape beauty. The effect was larger for both picnic preference (than scenic beauty and living preference) and low-beauty landscape (than the high-beauty) . The results also showed that the beneficial effect of positive meaning depended on the relationship between talc nature of positive meaning and measurement context.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.59-72
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to explore how the service recovery of the beauty shops and customers' perceived justice affect the customer relationship. A survey based questionnaire method was employed for this study. Data were collected by a convenient sampling of 232 female customers of hair beauty shops in Seoul and Busan. The data were analysed by using SPSS 21.0, including a frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis and multiple of regression analyses. The first result showed that all dimensions of service recovery had a significantly positive effect on the perceived justice. Especially, behavioral recovery of beauty shops was the major significant factor affecting perceived justice. Second, distributive justice and interactive justice had a significant effect on satisfaction. However, procedural justice did not have any significant effect on satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction was significantly and strongly associated with both trust and commitment. These results provide empirical proposition that the recovery strategies for complaint handling of the beauty service shop are related closely to relationship marketing.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2012

The current beauty service of Korea is upgrading its outside appearance from traditional small-shop image and its speed of change and competition are more severe than ever before. The top priority trait of beauty management is based on man-power resource, and personnel-management is the most important thing that more than anything else. Compared with other arenas of business, personnel management plays a key role in beauty industry. As a result, this research begins with the issue of personnel management. In addition, I will show that the management leadership of beauty service affects organization civil actions and changing jobs in the beauty industry employees, and the leadership can lower changing job rate to some extent. The role and duty of business manager is very significant because the dependence of man-power resource is magnificent in beauty service. In spite of rapid changing of economic surroundings, the management of beauty service is still working without any detail plans. It is no exaggeration to say that the most of beauty service managers are lack of leadership conception. Although the demands of customers are changing everyday, the frequent changing of jobs among talented employees drops customers credibility and high-quality service. From a management viewpoint, re-training cost of employees leads to economic loss and the company suffers from financial problems. As a result, it creates vicious circle in the beauty industry. Today, the management atmosphere in the beauty service is hard to get its right track because of the cutthroat competitions of beauty industry and difficulties of hiring promising employees. It has been said that "Nothing ventured, Nothing gained" Above all, the beauty service requires job speciality and it produces economic profits. Therefore, the managers desperately need to change the way they regard those with job changers. In this research shows the principal index of the leadership type of beauty business managers how much affects its employees' long-term working condition. The new concept of leadership, such as alternative suggestions, setting goals, and organization civil action will reorganize the stereo-type frame. I will also investigate the factors of job changing and intention of the beauty service employees for the development option of the beauty industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.1 s.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2004

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals that are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter $(PM_{10})$ during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadways. Personal exposures to VOCs and $PM_{10}$ were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops. According to the questionnaire, hairdressers complained of sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as physical symptoms. The measured mean concentrations of respiratory particulates were $30.5ng/m^3$ in indoor, $30.5ng/m^3$ in outdoor and $44.0ng/m^3$ on personal levels. The personal concentration was found higher than indoor and outdoor concentrations. The heavy metals mean concentrations were shown as indoor (Na>Zn>Cr), outdoor (Cr>Zn>Pb), and personal (Na>Cr>Zn) levels. Conclusively, customers as well as workers in the beauty shops might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper management should be taken to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shops.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.29-41
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• 2007

This study is to research how women aging from 20 through 40 Apperance -Mnagement Bhavior and care of their outer looks from a beauty treatment perspective. This research should help satisfy the wants of women who are the main clients of the beauty products and help the beauty industry to produce new products and also to help out on their marketing strategy. In order to search the general characteristics of our target women, Frequency Analysis was used, to find out the sub-factor of interest in beauty Factor Analysis and Reliability Analysis was used. In order to divide the group according to Degree of Apperance Concern 'sub-factor, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, Scheffe'-test, $X^2-test$ was used, and to find out the difference on how they care of beauty analysis of variance was used, and further more to summarize the result of analysis of variance Scheffe'-test was used. As a result, in all different ways of beauty caring, weight resisting, skin care and plastic surgery summed up similarly among the self-care group, hair care ended up with similar results among all three groups: self-caring group, no interest in beauty at all group, and the too conscious of other eyes group, and results on the interest rate of clothing ended up similarly among the other-eye conscious group, beauty care interest group, and the self-care group.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to investigate the names and locations of beauty-related high schools, and to examine the cources and subjects of beauty-related high schools according to types of high schools. Data were obtained from 8 beauty-related high schools, which consisted of 2 schools for each beauty-related high schools types and permitted the investigation of their curriculum. The findings of this study were as follows: First, These were about 30 beauty-related high schools that were mostly industrial high schools, located in Busan and Kyungsang Province, and almost used "Beauty" or "Aesthetics" as the name of department. Second, the rates of common and professional courses of business high schools and industrial high schools were similar to those suggested from the Ministry of Education and Human Resources. But for specialized high schools and integrated high schools, the rate of these courses were not in accord with those of the Ministry of Education and Human Resources. Third, The credit hour of special study in beauty-related high schools largest in hair care, followed by skin care and makeup courses. But nail and foot care were established only 2-3 beauty-related high schools. Fourth, The number of subjects of special study were largest in specialty high school. Industrial high schools offered the least number of subjects of special study. Fifth, as a result of making a comparative analysis of their subjects of special study, eight high schools offered hair care, skin care, public health and makeup courses, which had the same or similar titles. The independence titles were established nail care and foot care. The others titles were established actual training, food and nutrition, digital image processing, accounts theory, coordinatin.