• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.514-527
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were firstly to optimize the recipe for iced cookies by cooking with five different ingredient levels of $Jinuni\;bean(X_1),\;butter(X_2)\;&\;sugar(X_3)$ and secondly to analyze the chemical and sensory test results by using RSM(Response Surface Methodology). As a result of this test, water activity decreased with increasing contents of butter or sugar, while hydrophilic browning decreased independently with increasing sugar content. There was a positive correlation(p<.001) between specific gravity and hardness, although the result was not uniform due to the interaction of each factor. There was a negative correlation(p<.001) between the spread ratio and gravity or hardness, and it tended to increase with increasing each content. Color value L and color value a had positive correlation (p<.001) and the value tended to decrease with increasing the quantity of Jinuni bean. Generally, the strength of the cookies showed a saddle point at the peak of the 3d graph. As a result of sensory evaluation, the color was sensitive to the contents of sugar and Jinuni bean, the texture was sensitive to the contents of butter and sugar, and the taste and overall quality were sensitive to all three factors. Color had a positive correlation(p<.05) with the taste, texture and overall quality. There were high positive correlations(p<.001) between the taste, texture and overall quality. The preference data showed an up-swollen, parabolic shape in the center of the 34 graph, which enabled the optimum value to be determined and the optimum mixture ratio which fulfilled all sensory items was Jinuni bean 93g, butter 188.5g and sugar 155g, indicating a substitution of flour by $44\%$.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1986

This sudy was conductted for the purpose of determining the optimal amounts of soy tauce, soy bean paste and hot pepper paste, in 3 different Korean soups and comparing the effect of condiments such as salt, soy sauce, black pepper, and Mono Sodium Glutamate, on the taste of two basic Korean Stocks, The results estimated by Palatability Test were as follows: 1. The average NaCl contents of two kinds of commercial soysauce were 15.9%, 25.6%, respectively. 2. The NaCl contents of 2% sardine stock, and 19% beef stock were 0.16~1.17%, 0.17~0.18% respectively. 3. @ According to Saltiness in sardine stock, there was no difference between the soy sauce-added group and the salt-added group. However, for the removing effect of Off-flavor, and Overall Taste, the soy sauce-group had higher score than salt-added group respectively. (p>.0.1) ⓑ In beef stock, there was no difference between the soysauce-added group and the salt-added group in Saltiness test. The soy sauce-added group had higher score in removing effect of Off-flavor (p>.0.1). On other hand, in Overall Taste, the salt- added group was more effective than the soy sauce-added (p>.0.1). 4 @ According to Saltiness test in beef stock, there was no difference between the black pepper-added and non-added group. However, for the removing effect of Off-flavor and, Overall Taste, the added group had higher score than the non-added group, respectively. (p>.10, p>.0.5) ⓑ Also, according to Saltiness test in beef stock, there was no diffetrence between the MSG-added group and non-added group. However for the removing effect of Off-flavor, and Overall taste, the MSG-added group was more effective than the non-added group. (p>.01) 5. The best recipes of soybean sprouts soup for S persons, in this experiment, were soybean sprouts 180 g, sardine 28 g, soysauce 1/2 T.S., salt 7 g, green onion 15 g, choppedgarlic It. s., against 7 C of water, and total cooking time was 20 minutes. 6. The best recipes of clear-beef soup were beef 200 g, radish 200 g, tangle weed 10 g, sesame oil 1/2 t.s., green onion 15 g, chopped garlic 1 t.s., black Pepper 1/8 1.s., and soy sauce 1 T.S., salt 7 g or soy sauce 2 T S., salt 3.5 g. The total cooking time was minutes. 7, The best recipes of soybean pasted Chinese cabbage soup were Chinese cabbage 300 g, sardine 28 g, green onion 15 g, chopped garlic 1 t.s., and bean paste 50 g, hot pepper paste 13 g, salt 3g or bean paste 65 g, hot pepper paste 16 g, salt 1.5 g. And the total cooking time was 25 minutes. 8. Soy sauce, black pepper, M.S.G., bean paste and hot pepper paste were effective on removing Off-flavor of experimental soups.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 형상이 일정하지 않은 콩나물의 조직감 측정 방법을 도출하고 가열처리 방법 및 시간에 따른 콩나물의 물리적 품질인자를 분석하였다. 조직감 측정을 위하여 실린더와 칼날형 프로브를 이용하여 deformation 시 프로브와 샘플이 접촉하는 면적의 고려 유무에 따라 표준편차가 적은 측정법을 평가하였다. 앞서 도출된 조직감 측정 방법으로 콩나물을 conventional cooking, sous-vide 방법을 이용하여 콩나물을 0, 10, 20, 30 min 가열 하였을 때의 물리적 품질특성을 비교하였다. 콩나물의 자엽은 조직감 측정 축 방향에 따라 유의미한 차이가 없었으며(p <0.05), 칼날형 프로브를 이용하여 프로브의 칼날과 콩나물의 장축이 수평인 방향으로 조직감을 측정하여, 프로브와 샘플이 30% deformation시 접촉하는 면적을 고려한 true stress를 측정하는 것이 표준편차가 작았다. 콩나물의 배축은 프로브와 샘플이 접촉하는 면적을 고려한 조직감 측정법을 이용하여 실린더와 칼날형 프로브로 측정 시 모두 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 가열처리 방법에 따른 조직감 측정 결과와 관능평가 결과 사이에는 상관관계가 있었으며, 콩나물은 conventional cooking 방법으로 가열하는 것이 관능평가에서 더 높은 점수를 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.589-601
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the cooking process of $Pat-juk$(red beans porridge), $Jat-juk$(pine-nut porridge) and $Tarak-juk$(milk porridge) in cooking books published after Korean modern era, approximately from late 19th century to the present. We analyzed 11 historical cook books were analyzed. It is found that the amount of red beans used for $Pat-juk$ was the same or more than that of rice but never less than rice. Only one cook book suggested sugar as seasoning for final taste, but all the other cook books mentioned salt for final taste. $Hangukeumat$(1987) suggested the method for obtaining optimum color for $Pat-juk$. After smashing and passing through the cooked red beans, collecting the red bean water to boil first and then adding the passed through red beans to boil together, in which rice will be added the last to be boiled. For $Jat-juk$, the ratio of the amount of pine-nut and rice were varied among cook books that the amount of pine-nut can be more, same or less than rice. $Jat-juk$ can have salty or sweet, so sugar, honey or salt were used for final seasoning. Pine-nut and rice were cooked together or cooked successively depending on cook books. The changes in cooking procedures of $Tarak-juk$ were the portion of milk used and the method of preparing rice before making the porridge. Firstly, the portion of milk increased over time. $Tarak-juk$ can be also tasting both sweet or salty, so sugar or salt was used for final seasoning. Secondly, two method of preparing rice were found; one is that rice was ground after soaking in water and the other is that rice was ground and toasted before putting into the porridge. When the ground rice was toasted, the milk was added with water at the same time because the cooking time of the porridge with toasted rice was shortened so that the milk could be added earlier than the other method without the risk of sticking on the bottom of the pot. In further studies, the cooking procedures used in the previous period of the late 19th century should be examined. Also after restoring all the cooking methods suggested in cook books, the comparison of the sensorial and nutritional value needs to be carried out for applying or reinventing new recipe for food industry.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1994

In this paper, twenty-five kinds of food presented in Sooljip(戌集) 5 and 6 of Food collections of 'Kosa-sibi Jip(攷事十二集)' have been classified into four : Staple food, subsidiary food, Tuck(rice cake) and Han-gwa(Korean confectionery), and Tang-jng and tea. Cooking processes have been examined and scientifically analyzed in terms of cooking, Fourteen kinds of Jook (thick gruel with cereal) as well as Urak-Jook were presented among the methods of making Jook, one of staple foods. Milk and ground rice were boiled together into Urak-Jook, which was nutritious because of carbohydrate, added to milk. Hong-sa Myun was mode of ground shrimps, ground bean, ground rice and flour which were kneaded together. It was a nutritiously balanced food. Nineteen kinds of Kimchi presented in this book were classified by the recipes. The five of Jook-soon Ja, U-so Ja, Tam-bok Ja and Jo-gang were made by adding red malt and cereals(boiled rice or candies). Jo-gang, Jo-ga and Jo-gwa-chae were made by adding salt and rice wine. With salt and fermenters added, eight were made. Chim-jup-jeo-ga was made by adding Jang(soy-bean sauce) and the inner chaff of wheat instead of salt. The four of Ka-za-san, Hwang-gwa-san, Tong-gwa-san and Jo-gang were made by adding salt and vinegar. Jo-gang was made by adding salt, rice wine, residue of rice wine and candies. The four of Kae-mal-ga, Ku-cho-chim-chae, Un-gu-hwa and Suk-hwa-chim-chim-chae were made by adding salt and spices. San-got-Kimchi was made without salt. San-got-Kimchi and Suk-hwa-chim-chae were made originally in Korea. Suk-hwa-chim-chae, in particular, was first classified as a kind of Kimchi in this book and oysters were added, which is notable. Pork could be preserved longer when smoked oven the weak fire of thatch ten days and nights. Dog meat was sauced and placed on the bones in a pot. A porcelain was put on the top of the pot. Flour paste sealed the gap between the porcelain and the pot. Some water was poured into the porcelain, and the meat was steamed, with two or three thatched sacks burned, which was a distilled dry steaming. This process has been in use up to now. Various cooking methods of chicken were presented from in Umsik-dimi-bang to in Chosun Musang Sinsik Yori Jebup. These methods were ever present regardless of ages. Such measuring units as Guin(斤) and Nyang(兩) were most frequently used in cooking processes of this book, except in case of Jang(soy bean sauce), vinegar and liquor. Twenty eight kinds of kitchenware and cookers were used, of which porcelains wee most used and pans and sieves followed. The scientific eight cooking methods were as follows. First, salt was refined through saturated solution. Next, it was recommended Hong-sa Myun containing shrimps should not be taken along with pork, which is thought to be a proper diet in terms of cholesterol contained by shrimps and pork. Third, meat was coated with thin gruel and quickly roasted and cleared of the dried gruel membrane, which prevented nutrients from exuding and helped to make the meat well-done. Fourth, The fruit of paper mulberry trees has the protease which can soften meat. Therefore when meat was boiled with th fruit of paper mulberry trees, it can be softened easily. Fifth, pork was smoked over the weak fire of thatch. Sixth, in cooking dog meat, distilled dry steaming raised the boiling point and made it possible to preserve meat longer. Seventh, in boiling the sole of a bear, lime was added, which made meat tender by making the pH lower or higher than that of raw meat. Finally, in boiling down rice gluten, a porcelain in the pot prevented boiling over the brim, which is applied to pots in which to boil medical herbs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1327-1335
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• 2017

본 실험은 카카오 빈의 함량(0, 20, 40, 60%)을 달리하여 쌀가루와 압출성형물을 제조하여 물리화학적인 특성을 관찰하고자 하였다. 공정 조건은 수분 함량 25%, 스크루 회전 속도 200 rpm, 사출구온도 $130^{\circ}C$로 조절하였다. 팽화율은 카카오 빈의 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 밀도와 비길이, 겉보기 탄성계수는 카카오 빈의 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, 파괴력은 카카오 빈의 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 수분용해지수와 수분흡착지수는 압출성형 공정 후 모두 증가하였다. 카카오 빈의 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도는 감소하였고 적색도는 증가하였으며, 황색도는 무처리구(RAW)에서 카카오 빈이 증가함에 따라 증가하였지만, 압출성형 공정 후 카카오 빈이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 색도차는 카카오 빈의 함량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 페이스트 점도는 카카오 빈의 함량이 증가할수록 모든 조건에서 감소하였으며, 압출성형을 한 모든 실험군과 RAW의 roasted 카카오빈(RC) 첨가군에서 저온최고점도(CPV)를 나타내어 낮은 온도에서도 점성을 나타내는 특성을 보였다. 총 페놀 함량은 non-roasted 카카오 빈(NRC) 첨가군이 RC 첨가군보다 높았으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 압출성형한 NRC 첨가군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 카카오 빈 첨가가 쌀 카카오의 팽화 특성에 영향을 미치며, 카카오 빈의 총 페놀 함량은 로스팅과 압출성형에 의해 감소하였지만, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 로스팅을 하지 않고 압출성형 하였을 때 증가하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.671-678
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• 2016

Fractioning and/or preheating treatment on the rheological properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) gels induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTG) has been reported that they may improve the functional properties. However, the optimum condition was varied depending on the experimental factors. This study was to evaluate the effect of red bean protein isolate (RBPI) on the rheological properties of MP gels mediated by MTG as affected by modifications (fractioning: 7S-globulin of RBPI and/or preheat treatment (pre-heating; 95℃/30 min): pre-heating RBPI or pre-heating/7S-globulin). Cooking yields (CY, %) of MP gels was increased with RBPI (p<0.05), while 7S-globulin decreased the effect of RBPI (p<0.05); however, preheating treatments did not affect the CY (p>0.05). Gel strength of MP was decreased when RBPI or 7S-globulin added, while preheat treatments compensated for the negative effects of those in MP. This effect was entirely reversed by MTG treatment. Although the major band of RBPI disappeared, the preheated 7S globulin band was remained. In scanning electron microscopic (SEM) technique, the appearance of more cross-linked structures were observed when RBPI was prepared with preheating at 95℃ to improve the protein-protein interaction during gel setting of MP mixtures. Thus, the effects of RBPI and 7S-globulin as a substrate, and water and meat binder for MTG-mediated MP gels were confirmed to improve the rheological properties. However, preheat treatment of RBPI should be optimized.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 부산지역의 생선횟집을 중심으로 생선 매운탕의 조리 실태를 조사하여 표준조리법 개발에 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 1. 재료로 사용되는 어류는 조피볼락과 넙치가 공통으로 사용되며, 그 외 어종들을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 야채류는 무, 대파, 고추, 양파, 조미 및 향신료는 고춧가루, 마늘, 소금, 후추가 공통으로 사용되고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 기타 재료들이 부가적으로 사용되는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 생선 매운탕에 사용되는 물은 생수와 어류를 삶은 물을 이용하고 있으며, 기타 야채를 삶은물을 이용하는 곳도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 3-4인분 기준의 생선 매운탕에 사용되는 생선의 양은 조피볼락 1.5-1마리와 넙치 0.5-1 마리에 해당되는 머리와 뼈를 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 생선 매운탕의 조리방법은 물 끓인 다음 재료를 이용하며, 양념장은 양산품을 바로 이용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 조리기구는 대부분 뚝배기를 이용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.273-292
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• 2008

Among all the ingredients usedin mandu, the following types were used:, 13 types of grains were used (12.38%), 30 types of vegetables, fruits, bulbs,and nuts were used (28.57%), 32 types of marine products, birds, meats, fishes, and shellfishes were used (30.48%), 10 types of functional ingredients were used (9.52%) and. For spices, 20 types of spices were used (19.05%). 2. Cooking Methods offor Mandu. The mMandu eaten at in the early Joseon era had was primarily made ofusedbuckwheat that contained boiled tofu or egg uiijuk in the kneaded dough for the most part and while kneading with buckwheat, the tofu or egg uiijuk has been boiled down to knead the dough, and and starch powder, bean powder, or rice powder, etc were mixed to make the mandu coating. Buckwheat powder was mixed toadded to the flourwer or was used by itself, while meat, vegetables, tofu, and shiitake mushroom, etc were also addedincluded. From the 18th century, the host plant, or cabbage kimchi, were prepared and combined had been sliced to be used as filling together while red pepper powder was mixed combined withto spices or vinegar soy sauce to be used together. Also, Radishes had beenwere also used as filling, but shown as not being used fromafter the start of the 1900's. For the shape of mMandu, it was madeinto different shapes such as as triangle, rectangle, date plum, gwebul, half moon, or pomegranate shapes, and then shapes to be boiled in simmering water, baked, or cooked as soup in clear broth for soup., In the 17th to 18th century, boilingthen in a steamer gradually became a cooking style, assumed the style of boiling in a steamer in $17th{\sim}18th$ century while in the 16th century,the an essay ofn fermenting flour in ‘Food Dimibang’ in 16th century had indicated it was cooked as the style ofby steaming in a rice steamer. Also, Mandu may have also contained the following: the thin-cut and boiled fish was cut out thin to put into the filling and boiled down, made by putting in added pine nuts after making bbeef jerky or boiled- down meat, fish, or shellfish itself to extractsand mold mandu only the ingredients combined withto put on starch powder, and then boiled down and put on pine nut powder finally, after it or cooled it wasdown to be eaten by dipping in vinegar soy sauce. In conclusion, many different types of mandu were made during the Joseon era using a variety ofwhile the ones using such various ingredients. are also one type of mandu.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2014

This study attempted to develop a representative mild Korean food, including kimchi, bulgogi, galbi, and bibimbap, while maintaining existing images in order to spread Korean food worldwide. Tangpyeongchae is a mild healthy food with a nutritional balance of carbohydrates from cheongpomuk, protein from beef and eggs, and vitamins and minerals from water parsley, bean sprout, and laver. The food has a history of being favored by the political elite of the Joseon Dynasty and has features in Korean storytelling. Tangpyeongchae is an obangsaek food (five representative colors of Oriental philosophy). This study examined modern recipes of Tangpyeongchae in order to establish a standardized cooking method. Furthermore, the study examined customer interest and marketability of natural pigments to develop obangsaek cheongpomuk (mungbean gel) by adding black sesame, a traditional ingredient in Korea, to the cheongpomuk as well as traditional Korean pigments, chija and omija.