• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2012

The present study evaluated the effects of different anesthesia techniques on oxidative stress in beagle dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to either total intramuscular anesthesia with medetomidine-tiletamine/zolazepam (MTZ) combination (group T, 40 ${\mu}g/kg$ medetomidine and 2 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam) or volatile anesthesia with isoflurane (group I, 2% isoflurane and 100% oxygen). Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature for vital signs and the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) for oxidative stress were measured. SOD activity decreased significantly from baseline anesthesia in both groups ($p$ < 0.05). CAT and GPx activities were also decreased significantly after anesthesia between both groups ($p$ < 0.05). CAT activity decreased significantly from baseline after anesthesia in both groups, but activities of group I were significantly higher compared with group T after anesthesia ($p$ < 0.05). GPx activity in group T decreased significantly from baseline after anesthesia, but activities of group I were significantly higher compare with that of group T 1 hour after the conclusion of anesthesia ($p$ < 0.05). In conclusion, general anesthesia seems to induce oxidative stress, and volatile anesthesia with isoflurane attenuates oxidative injuries in beagle dogs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1472-1476
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• 2007

This study was performed to observe changes of the intraocular pressure following cranial cervical ganglion block with the four different concentrations of lidocaine in beagle dogs with the normal intraocular pressure. We performed by the crossover test in ten beagle dogs divided into four groups, which were 2%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.25% lidocaine group. All experimental dogs received each four times cranial cervical ganglion block using 2 ml of lidocaine with the four different concentrations. The blocks were separately done at a week intervals in random order. Horner#s syndrome was observed in all groups. The intraocular pressure in the blocked side was significantly increased to 5 min in the 1% lidocaine group compared to the baseline (p<0.05). The intraocular pressure of 2% and 1% lidocaine groups were decreased between 25 and 45 min following cranial cervical ganglion block, while those of 0.5% and 0.25% lidocaine groups were unchanged. In conclusion, these results suggest that cranial cervical ganglion block affect on the change of intraocular pressure and 0.5% and 0.25% lidocaine are inadequate concentrations for the change of intraocular pressure in the dog with normal intraocular pressure.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulpal response to direct pulp capping with dentin sialoprotein (DSP) -derived synthetic peptide in teeth of dogs, and to compare its efficacy to capping substances $Ca(OH)_2$ and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). A total of 72 teeth of 6 healthy male beagle dogs were used. The mechanically exposed pulps were capped with one of the following: (1) DSP-derived synthetic peptide (PEP group): (2) $Ca(OH)_2$ (CH group): (3) a mixture paste of peptide and $Ca(OH)_2$ (PEP+CH group): or (4) white MTA (WMTA group). The access cavity was restored with a reinforced glass ionomer cement. Two dogs were sacrificed at each pre-determined intervals (2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months). After the specimens were prepared for standard histological processing, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Under a light microscope, inflammatory response and hard tissue formation were evaluated in a blind manner by 2 observers. In the PEP group, only 3 of 17 specimens showed hard tissue formation, indication that the DSP-derived synthetic peptide did not induce proper healing of the pulp. Compared with the CH group, the PEP group demonstrated an increased inflammatory response and poor hard tissue formation. The CH and WMTA groups showed similar results for direct pulp capping in mechanically exposed teeth of dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2004

This study was to determine the procedure for ultrasonographic imaging of the canine external ear canal(ECC). By infusion of warm saline solution into the ear canal, a real-time B mode ultrasonographic examination of the ECC was performed in five healthy Beagle dogs and two dogs with severe otitis externa. The ultrasonography was very useful to detect the structures of the ECC and the tympanic membrane. An 11 NHz linear probe was permitted to assess an anechoic lumen of the ECC and a hyperechoic cartilage surrounding the ear canal. In two dogs with otitis externa, it could be assessed the ECC with ultrasonography without ear cleansing. A lumen of the ECC was irregular and a cerumen could be seen, but edematous inflammatory changes of the ECC could not be identified. The results suggest that ultrasonography of the ECC with an 11 NHz linear probe after infusing the saline solution into the ear canal may be an accurate, non-invasive, rapid, and widely available method for assessment of the ear canal diseases such as otitis externa, polyp, stenosis, hyperplasia, and foreign body in dogs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2010

Purpose: Among available biomaterials, bioceramics have drawn special interest due to their bioactivity and the possibility of tailoring their composition. The degradation rate and formulation of bioceramics can be altered to mimic the compositions of the mineral phase of bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone formation effect of amorphous calcium phosphate glass cement (CPGC) synthesized by a melting and quenching process. Methods: In five male beagle dogs, $4{\times}4$ mm 1-wall intrabony defects were created bilaterally at the mesial or distal aspect of the mandibular second and fourth premolars. Each of the four defects was divided according to graft materials: CPGC with collagen membrane (CM), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with CM, CM alone, or a surgical flap operation only. The dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks post-surgery, and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Results: There were significant differences in bone formation and cementum regeneration between the experimental and control groups. In particular, the CPGC and BCP groups showed greater bone formation than the CM and control groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, CPGC was replaced rapidly with an abundant volume of new bone; CPGC also contributed slightly to regeneration of the periodontal apparatus.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2003

The use of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) provides a possibility to clinically measure implant stability and osseointegration. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) value of RFA is well known that influenced by effective abutment length and stiffness of the implant in the surrounding tissues. Among these factors stiffness is not accurately defined histologically yet. And the purpose of this study was to find the histolgical relationship of RFA. 17 implants in 3 beagle dogs were used for this study. Among these implants 10 were survived for 7 months, 4 were survived for 3 months and 3 were immediate status after placement. Resonance frequency analyses were conducted and the dogs were sacrificed. Percentage of the bone to implant contact (BIC) in the interface, percentage of the mineralized bone (bone area) within the threads of the implant, and marginal bone level were measured under light microscopy. The correlation between resonance frequency and histomorphometric measurements were analysed and following results were obtained. 1. There was statistically significant correlation between ISQ value and BIC on healed implants. But ISQ value and BIC of all implants were not significantly correlated. (P<0.01) 2. Significant correlation between ISQ value and bone area was not found in this study. 3. There was statistically significant correlation between ISQ value and marginal bone level on all implants as well as on healed implants. (P<0.01).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.167-180
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• 2000

The present study evaluated the effects of guided tissue regeneration using biodegradable membrane, with and without calcium-phosphate thin film coated deproteinated bone powder in beagle dogs. Contralateral fenestration defects(6 × 4 mm) were created 4 mm apical to the buccal alveolar crest on maxillary canine teeth in 5 beagle dogs. Ca-P thin film coated deproteinated bone powder was implanted into one randomly selected fenestration defect(experimental group). Biodegradable membranes were used to provide bilateral GTR. Tissue blocks including defects with overlying membranes and soft tissues were harvested following a four- & eight-week healing interval and prepared for histologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1.......The regeneration of new bone, new periodontal ligament, and new cementum was occurred in experimental group more than control group. 2.......The collapse of biodegradable membranes into defects were showed in control group and the space for regeneration was diminished. In experimental group, the space was maintained without collapse by graft materials. 3........In experimental group, the graft materials were resorbed at 4 weeks after surgery and regeneration of bone surrounding graft materials was occurred at 8 weeks after surgery. 4.......Biodegradable membranes were not resorbed at 4 weeks and partial resorption was occurred at 8 weeks but the framework and the shape of membranes were maintained. No inflammation was showed at resorption. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Ca-P thin film coated deproteinated bone powder has adjunctive effect to GTR in periodontal fenestration defects. Because it has osteoconductive property and prohibit collapse of membrane into defect, can promote regeneration of much new attachment apparatus.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.847-855
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• 2002

It has been reported that Magnoliae cortex extract has antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes and Zea Mays L. extract is effective for improving gingival tissue health. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of Zea Mays L. and Magnoliac cortex extract mixtures through experimental peridontitis induced beagle dog model. Nine beagle dogs with experimentally induced periodontitis were selected. Baseline clinical indices which includes plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival fluid flow rate were recorded and microbial assays were done. Magnoliac cortex and Zea Mays L., mixed at 2:l ratio in 105mg capsular dosage, were taken by 3 capsule (Group I) or 6 capsule dosages (Group II) three times a day. After 4,8,12 weeks, clinical indices were recorded. All data of clinical indices were compared through one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Clinical indices of group I and II showed significantly better results than those of control group. There were no significant differences between group I and II. In conclusion, it was confirmed that mixture of Magnoliae cortex and Zea May L. (mix ratio 2:1) possessed clinical improving effects to periodontitis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 악골에 식립된 순수한 타이타늄 임프란트와 타이타늄 플라즈마 처리된 타이타 늄 임프란트 및 수산화인회석으로 피막처리된 타이타늄 임프란트의 주위 골조직을 광학현미경 과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 비교 관찾히였다. 3 마리의 beagle dog 에서 상하악 소구치를 편측으로 발거한 후 12 주의 치유기를 거쳐 임프란트 를 식립하였으며, 임프란트 식립 후 4주, 8주 및 12주에 실험동물을 각각 희생시켜서 조직 표본을 제작하였다. 임프란트 주위의 골조직에서 염증이나 이물반응은 관찰되지 않았으며, 정상적인 악골에서와 유사한 골조직 소견이 관찰되었다 상악골 및 하악골에 식립된 모든 임프란트의 4주 표본에서, 골과 임프란트 변의 직접적인 접촉이 관찰되었다. 동일한 치유기에서는, 상악골에 식립된 임프란트의 면에 비하여 하악골에 식립된 동종의 임프란트의 변에서 더 많은 양의 골접촉이 관찰되었으며, 순수한 타이타늄 임프란트의 면에 비하여 피막처리된 타이따늄 임프란트의 변에서 더 많은 양의 골접촉이 관찰되었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney using computed tomography (CT) and enhanced computed tomography. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by ligation of unilateral ureter in Beagle dogs. Renal artery embolization was performed using selective catheterization in the hydronephrotic kidney of seven dogs and EKG, $SpO_2$, body temperature, pulse, and repiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. Iohexol-ethanol solution was used as embolic material. There were no dogs expired after TAE-Ra and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ehtanol solution. Revascularization of renal artery was not found in angiography in dogs treated by TAE-RA at immediately after TAE-RA and 14 days after TAE-RA. CT showed dilation of urinary collection system and ventral displacement of spleen at 14 days after TAE-RA in one dog not treated by TAE-RA and experimental group treated by TAE-Ra. CT two month after TAE-RA showed the shrunken embolized kidney in experimental group. Transverse CT with contrast enhancement demonstrated the increase of signal intensity at thinned renal cortex in control group not treated by TAE-Ra at 30 days and 60 days, however, there was no increase of signal intensity at shrunken embolized kidney at 60 days after TAE-RA. CT was useful modality for evaluation of the morphology and the size of embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney. Enhanced CT was availabel for the detection of revascularization of renal artery after TAE-RA in dogs with hydronephrosis. It is conclued that CT is useful modality for the monitoring of the revascularization of the renal artery after TAE-RA.