Purpose: To identify age, gender, medication, seasons and place of fall, and areas of the fractures from the fall among the hospitalized elderly patients in order to provide the basic data for future fall prevention program for the elderly. Methods: This study was conducted for 106 elderly patients admitted into a university hospital by fractures from the fall during the period from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999. Data on the age, gender, medication, season and place of the fall, areas of the fracture were collected based on their medical records. Result: The age range of the subjects were from 60 to 96 years old. The subjects were aged between 60-69 years old 49(46.2%), between 70-79 years old 31(29.2%), between 80-89 years old 24(22.6%), and over 90 years old 2(1.9%). Male patients comprised was 34(28.3%), while female patients comprised 76(71.7%). The fall occurred in Winter most frequently 34(32%). The place of the fall included room 81(76.4%), streets 13(12.3%), bathroom 6(5.7%), stair 4(3.8%), and mountain 2(1.9%). Twenty-two subjects (20.8%) had medication regularly, while 84 subjects (79.2%) had no medication. The areas of the fracture from the fall included upper extremities 20(18.9%) and lower extremities 86(81.1%). Radius fracture (7.5%) was the area where the fracture occurred most frequently in upper extremities and femur fracture (52.8%) was the area where the fracture occurred most frequently in lower extremities. A significant difference was found in the fracture area by age, season and place of the fall (p<.05). No significant difference was found in the fracture area by gender and medication. In all age groups, seasons and places of the fall, occurrence of fracture in lower extremity was significantly higher than that in upper extremity.
This research intends to discover the housing conditions of the elderly in rural area in South Korea, and identify measures to improve the conditions for an independent and safe life of seniors. This research conducted both survey research and experimental study. The survey interviewed 1,000 elderly people over 65 in farming areas across the country based on random selection from Census 2010 and sampling by regional size and administrative unit (Eup, Myeon, Li) to reflect the regional characteristics more accurately. The data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. The experimental study identified the housing elements that may threaten the life of seniors based on a complete survey on households of elderly people over 65 in a selected typical rural village. As a result, the most inconvenient and threatening factor in the housing facilities appears to be the floor level difference. It was identified that most houses had the risk of falling due to the differences of the floor level between indoor and outdoor, and slippery floor materials. The squat toilets also bring inconvenience not only to the seniors with limited mobility but also to healthy elderly people. In particular, as most bathroom doors opened inward, it may be difficult to escape from or rescue someone in an emergency of falling, fainting or exhaustion.
The goal of This study is to predict medical fee by accidents at home and the factors of accidents, and also to suggest the conditions of housing adaptations for elderly people. As the result of in-house accidents, on average 2.97 million Korean won was to be spent for medical care. Furthermore, 2808 billion Korean Won, which was predicted by multiplying the number of older people with the reported accident rates of 2.0% by the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005, can be estimated to pay on medical care in 2005. And in addition it is analyzed on residential conditions and 65 cases of elderly housing. According to the 65 safety problem cases, it examines that in-house accidents of older people generally happen at the steps, toilet and bathroom. It is necessary to adapt physical conditions and it is more effective. As the result of research, medical fee by accident at home has been increasing and also it could be predicted to spend 280,800million won in 2005. To reduce medical fee, it is necessary to promote physical environment by renovation. When be decided to renovate a housing, we know that it is more effective to use a checklist of space using at home. And also it is suggested to amend a checklist with other factors including physical conditions and health condition and so on to promote a correctness.
Recycling is receiving increasing social attention today as our nation begins to grapple with the significant problems caused by huge amount of municipal solid waste. The topic of recycling is not simple but extremely complicated. This study attempts to provide basic data and policy options for expanding and improving separated collection and recycling in public residential areas, through three case study of apartment housing areas in Taegu Metropolitan City. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. For the significant period of time, all three case areas had in common the extreme difficulty in establishing and operating the system of connecting public participation, collection and storage, transportation, and actual recycling of materials because of a variety of problems involved in this process. Both amounts of and prices for collected materials fluctuated considerably over time mainly due to monthly changes in recyclable home materials and the dynamic nature of recycling markets. Public questionnaire survey revealed the very high level of participation in separated collection, not only because almost all respondents well understood the necessity and importance of recycling, but because they also knew how to do separated collection. But overall activities were rated low and most respondents suggested the enlargement of public participation, the improvement of collection and storage facilities, and collection transportation networks. In particular, most respondents had little experience of using recycled Products and used mainly reproduced soap and bathroom tissue. Furthermore, they were considerably unsatisfied with low variety and quality of recycled products, their high prices and low availability in the market. Finally potential policy options and activities for improving separated collection and recycling are suggested.
Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
/
v.17
no.4
/
pp.57-68
/
2011
The purpose of this study is to provide the planning factors of housing for the disabled and elderly based on the inclusive housing design as sustainable neighborhood. The goal of inclusive design is to make buildings and communities more livable for all type of people. Inclusive design should embrace other good design goals and reinforce them, not work against them. To carry out this purpose, we should proceed in the following way: First, we deducted the four design factors (the basic, recommendable, adaptable, and residential factors) by reviewing the characteristics of inclusive housing concepts. Second, we analyzed the related foreign design standards and guidelines such as the ICC/ANSI A117.1 Type C Units (the United States, 2009), Lifetime Standard (the United Kingdom, 2010), and Livable Housing Design Guideline (the Australian, 2010) through four design factors based on inclusive design concepts. Finally, we suggested the housing design factors for the disabled and the elderly in Korea. To conclude, we can make the followings: It is important basic factor that the bedroom and bathroom layout closed to each other. Also, the bedroom has the proper height of light switches, outlets, and windows. The recommendable factors take into consideration stairs and ramp, if existent. The adaptable factors are closely related to domestic housing culture as well as residential factors. Proceeding from this fact, the livability for people with disabilities and older requires accessibility and adaptability that take into account public and efficiency considering the current trend of housing development and urban planning.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning concept and spatial characteristics of the multi-housing units in prize-wining works of design competition since 2007. Literature review and content analysis were used for this study and 199units over $59m^2$ were analyzed to review the planning concept, spatial composition and layout. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The planning concept of these units were divided into three aspects; that is, eco-friendly, rational and sustainable unit plan by means of functional, environmental-friendly and future-oriented aspects. 2)Most unit plans had 3LDK+2bath and 4Bay types including family room as a public space. This results shows that family-room and bathroom has recently become more important than number of rooms in multi-housing units planning. 2)In terms of the spatial composition of LDK and Master Bed room, LDK area become large, open type and master-zone were showed 'bed room+dress and powder room+bath' type. 3)The entrance has a intermediated space as a balcony or a former space and the privacy of LDK space was protected from the entrance. This study has a significant moaning on grasping current trend in Korean multi-housing and to provide Information for future direction on housing-unit design.
This paper proposes high quality of healthcare environments for a user-oriented children's hospital by identifying the user needs according to residential characteristics of the child, especially the hospitalization period. Caregivers, mostly parents of children in a children's hospital, participated in a questionnaire survey. The user's demands, satisfaction and hospital environment assessment were measured. A total of 103 copies of the questionnaire were finally collected and analyzed. The data was processed statistically using SPSS WIN 18.0 Version software. The results and conclusions are as follows. 1)The participants were categorized into three groups according to the hospitalization period of the child (less than 7 days, 7-20 days, and more than 21 days). 2)When the patients stayed longer in the hospital, their satisfaction was lower and their demands were higher. The long-term group required a more spacious bathroom for the child inpatients and their caregivers as well as sufficient individual storage spaces that are appropriate for the length of stay. 3)The longer they were hospitalized, the more negative they evaluated the hospital environment. These results suggest that the period of hospitalization is one of the crucial factors that impact the user's satisfaction and demands. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the design factors such as territoriality, privacy, accessability, and aesthetics to improve the satisfaction of the long-term child inpatients and their caregivers.
This research is about shared living facilities for the solitary elderly in Gyeonggi province (so called "Carnation House"), which was opened after 2013. These facilities aim to help solving the social problems of the growing number of the solitary elderly. The research was conducted from April 2014 to October 2014 by using observation, measurement, photography, and interview methods. This research reviewed floor plan, area, accessibility, visual openness, and furniture and equipments. The results are as follows: First, considering the need for rest area and the protection of privacy, livingroom should at least be equipped with a variable wall or have a separate room. Secondly, for the kitchen plan, considering the fact that large number of people move simultaneously, kitchen entrance should be widened or LDK type is preferable. Thirdly, the bathroom entrance should be widened to at least 800mm and should have barrier free design. Fourthly, porch entrance should be planned to secure enough space and shoe cabinets for multiple users. Fifthly, to allow the users to enjoy outside view, the windows of living spaces should be placed no higher than 800mm from the floor level. Finally, for the location of the facility, people prefer the location be at the center of the village or near home. In addition, location with easy accessibility for the elderly is advisable. Therefore, establishing local guidelines for shared living facilities for the solitary elderly is advisable. When establishing local guidelines, local characters, culture and usage patterns should be considered.
The quality of apartment houses has been gradually upgraded. However the changes in demographic composition of residents such as seniors, disabled persons, and etc. have not been considered in the process of planning. If apartment houses are designed on the base of the concept of universal design, their residents could live as long as they want to live in. This study evaluates the Korean standard-sized apartment housing units and the common spaces of those apartment buildings, and it's outdoor environments from the perspective of universal design. The observation and measuring was conducted with the questionnaire survey with 100 residents living in those housing units. 60 items were designed for evaluating them in relation to the principles of universal design. The results are as follows : 1) In general, the principles of universal design were relatively applied to the apartment houses. However their application needs to be broadened. 2) The number of parking lots needs to be increased and the width of individual parking lot to be increased. Also, the location of gazebo and senior center needs to be placed in easily accessible areas. 3) The shape, color, finishes of the ramp and the entrance area of the apartment building and housing unit should be made more homelike. Also, the entrance area of apartment building and housing unit needs to be made large enough for residents themselves and meeting with neighbors. 4) Among all of the rooms in a housing unit, bathroom should be improved immediately. Also, the width of doors should be at least 80cm wide and the floor should be made even.
Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
/
v.27
no.1
/
pp.114-120
/
2017
Water supply and drainage noise in the bathroom is recognized as one of the main noises, along with the floor-impact sounds, in apartment housings. Recently, to solve such noise issues, a new construction method of installing the piping on the slab has been adopted. rather than the traditional method of penetrating the piping through the slab between the upper and the lower bathrooms. However, this new method has limitations due to high costs and constructional difficulties. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop noise reducing piping and elbows, where the noise can be reduced simply by replacing the existing pipings. The noise level was measured in a laboratory by installing the horizontal drainage piping (three types) and the elbows (three types) developed in this study. The results showed that the horizontal pipings reduced the noise level in LAmax by 0.3 dB(A)~1.0 dB(A), as compared to the existing pipings (VG2), indicating an insignificant noise reduction effect. The elbow reduced the noise level in LAmax by 5.5 dB(A) ~ 11.5 dB(A), as compared to the existing elbow (DRF elbow), with the result of reducing the noise level at all frequencies evenly. Consequently, it was shown that using the elbows is more effective in reducing the water-drainage noise from the toilet than using the horizontal pipings.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.