• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.170-183
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• 2019

Fiber scutching refers to the process of extracting fibers from plants by separating or extracting fibers from the raw materials. As the definition of the term implies, the "Fiber Scutching" is performed on plants with advanced bast fiber as the primary material processing technique performed on plant materials. Some of the most popular phosphorus plants are ramie, hemp, flax, and the paper mulberry, which have a long history of cultivation and a wide range of distribution, making them very universal as a material supporting human life and culture. This study was described in Oju-yeonmunjangjeon-sango but was designed to re-examine the method of breaking dried stalks, which is currently unused in Korea, to examine the feasibility and characteristics of the technology. As a result of sampling and experimenting with hemp bast using the method recorded in the literature, hemp fiber was actually produced. The criteria for removing the shell from the hemp stem were the degree of discoloration and drying, and only when the stalk was completely discolored to yellow could segregation of the stalk from the shell be performed. The amount of sunlight and temperature were conditions that accelerated drying. However, if exposed for a long time, it is confirmed that hemp bast will be in a suitable condition to process, regardless of the amount of sunlight and temperature. 'Breaking of dried stalks', which utilizes the physical power of 'threshing with a flail' is considered a core process of the fiber scutching technique in 'Yukjin' in Hamgyeong-do. The bark and the core of the hemp were separated by tapping, the bast was thinly split, and the shell was peeled off, making it suitable for collecting with thread. The method of collecting the fibers by applying physical power causes downing on the fibers, which is to be generally avoided in the manufacture of bast fabric woven hemp or ramie. However, Hamgyeong-do's fiber scutching method seems to have applied this principle to the method of making fragile fabrics by using it in reverse. This method is distinct from the steaming or boiling of the stalks' in Andong, Korea, and it is similar to the Western method of spinning fabrics.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.407-420
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• 2018

Old documents related to the head family of admiral Yi Sun-shin have been preserved by the descendants of Deoksu Yi clan and various kinds of documents have remained even today. Seven documents issued by the king,"Goshin Gyoji", "Jeunggik Gyoji", "Gyochub", "Gyoseo", "Yuseo", "Hongpae", and "Chikmyung", showed the time when they were made. Because they have been kept in their original form, these documents make it possible to identify the characteristics of the paper used to create documents during that time and to compare the records in those documents with other cultural properties based on scientific investigation and analysis of conservation treatment processing. The characteristics of Oebal-tteugi(Heulim-tteugi) in the papermaking process were identified through the shape of the surface fibers, and Dochim processing was found in most of the old documents with the help of density measurement and paper surface analysis. All the papers were found to be made of paper mulberry, and bast fibers of mature mulberry were mainly used for the process.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.10 no.1 s.13
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of historical papers and cloths found at Neunggasa temple, Goheunggun, Chonnam Province, Korea, using light microscopy, image analysis and SEM-EDS for fiber morphology and trace metal composition. All papers were made from paper mulberry. Transparent membrane, which was separated from bast fiber, was unique in these fibers. The papers found on the wall of Daewungjun were most highly degraded and those of the books, which were excavated under Cheungwangmun, were relatively well preserved. The cloths found under the statue 'Dong-bangjiguk' were silk, very narrow fiber without any marks. In the analysis of SEM-EDS, high content of silica was detected. Also small content of calcium was taken into consideration. Content of iron and chlorine were discussed from the viewpoint of potentially harmful elements for the conservation of paper. The composition of trace elements could not be used to determine the origins of papers.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.213-224
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• 2020

This research conducted a component analysis and conservation treatment of "Sangryangmun," a material which had been written in 1965 and was discovered during the repair project for "Jinnamgwan" in Yeosu. The "Sangryangmun" has been stored in a cylindrical metal storage; however, defects, discolorations, hardening, and damages caused by pollutants were found. Based on the XRF analysis, rust in the cylindrical metal storage, which was made of Cu, was stuck on the surface of the "Sangryangmun". Using FT-IR and Pyrolysis-GC/MS analyses, carbonyl and compounds of fatty acids were detected; the organic material on the surface of the "Sangryangmun" was identified to have belonged to oil-based components. Therefore, it was presumed that the bast fibers of a mulberry was used in the paper. To determine the conservation materials, component analysis, condition survey, and preliminary test on adhesives were conducted. Moreover, the missing parts and partial linings were filled using mulberry-fiber paper, methyl cellulose, etc.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.108-119
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• 2018

"The Collection of Yi Chungmugong" manuscript is a hand-written manuscript of the volume 1 consisting of the Collection, published in 1795 and it seems to have completed the contents of the book by correcting the first part of the book before print. The book adopted a form of Seonjangbon(線裝本) of Ochimanjeongbeop(五針眼訂法) and was urgently needed some measures to preserve because it has been much damaged by stains, loss and oxidation due to moisture on the bottom of it. In addition, a scientific investigation was applied to find out the features of the quality of paper and fiber used for the book, which would be reflected in the process of the preservation. The characteristics of paper were measurmented for size(cm), thickness(mm), weight(g), basis weight($g/m^2$), density($g/cm^3$), chain line and laid lines($3{\times}3cm$). The measurement showed that the characteristics of paper used in royal books published in the late Joseon Dynasty. For the paper-fiber of the book, C stain was used and the technique revealed that the book is made of bast fibre of paper mulberry and its binding strings are cotton. SEM-EDS analysis was performed to verify the existence of additives in paper. As a result of the analysis, The crystallized calcium was detected in addition to the main components carbon(C) and oxygen(O). This artifact is the unique final version of "The collection of Yi Chungmugong", which has considerable value in terms of academic research, besides it helps to understand how to print books of Joseon Dynasty. And it also has a very accurate information of when and where the book was made, which primarily could be resources to conserve and restore for other book heritage.