• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible utilization of 5 different animal protein sources in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Meat and bone meal (MBM), feather meal (FM), squid liver powder (SLP), poultry by-product(PBP) and blood meal (BM) were chosen to be the candidate for the possible ingredients for the dietary fish meal replacer in rainbow trout feed. Six different diets were formulated of isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis of $48\textperthousand$ crude protein and 16.7 kJ/g diet: diet 1, $100\textperthousand$ white fish meal (WFM); diet w, $80\textperthousand$ WFM +20% MBM; diet 3, 80% WFM +20% FM; diet 4, 80% WFM+20% SLP; diet 5, 80% SFM+20% PBP; diet 6, 80% WFM +20% BM. As the dietary protein sources, each diet containing 34.7% of animal protein were supplied by WFM with and without MBM, FM, SLP, PBP or BM and approximately 64.2% of plant protein. After one week of conditioning period, fish averaging 2g were divided into six groups and fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. After eight weeks of feeding trials, there were no significant differences in weight gain and feed conversion ratio among groups of fish fed diet 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6(P>0.05). However, weight gain of fish fed diet 2 were significantly lower than those of fish fed diet 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6(P<0.05). These results indicated that FM, SLP, PBP and BM can be used as a dietary fish meal replacer up to 20% in juvenile rainbow trout.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify problems and suggest improvements of estimating procedures and item of fisheries supply-demand statistics served as a basis for the fisheries supply-demand policies. Korea Rural Economic Institute(KREI) and Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(MOF) respectively publish the fisheries supply-demand statistics. But the reliability of data is low as the statistics of these two organizations are limited and show discrepancy in the numbers. It is therefore difficult to use them as the basic data for policies. Also, an accurate data aggregation is difficult due to following problems in the items of statistics. 1) Problems in estimating route sales and non-route sales of production, 2) adequacy of fishery product yield rate compared to raw material in the fisheries import/export sector, 3) selection of target companies for understand stocks and survey scope of fish species, 4) applying'0'to non-edible product demand etc. In order to develop the fisheries industry as a future growth industry, it is necessary to establish the accurate fisheries supply-demand policy as the instability of fisheries supply and demand is increasing. To do this, statistical reliability has to be improved. The improvements proposed in this study should be implemented considering urgency. First of all, an exhaustive analysis of stock statistics and conversion rates of raw material yield in the fisheries import/export sector should be conducted. In the medium term and the long term, transferring production statistics to MOF and surveys on the use demand of non-food product and the level of reduced and discarded seafood products should be carried out in consecutive order.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.209-228
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate strategies for the attraction of Korean finns into EU Objective 1 (less prosperous region).2(regions facing structural difficulties or conversion) on the basis of Korean foreign direct investment in the European Union(EU) in the past 10 years (the late 1980s-late 1990s). Of such strategies the most important was incentive packages for Korean finns by those regions. Nonetheless, these packages did not contribute to the development of the finns and regions because of limits to the finns' competitiveness(cost competitiveness) and the regions' competitiveness(low productivity and skills). Consequently, these strategies of EU Objective 1.2 regions did not provide an opportunity for pathways to successful development because the incentive packages provided to the finns and regions without the consideration of their internal and external circumstances.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2020

In this article, we develop a reactive distillation (RD) column configuration for the production of hydrogen. This RD column is in the HI decomposition section of the sulphur - iodine (SI) thermochemical cycle, in which HI decomposition and H₂ separation take place simultaneously. The section plays a major role in high hydrogen production efficiency (that depends on reaction conversion and separation efficiency) of the SI cycle. In the column simulation, the rigorous thermodynamic phase equilibrium and reaction kinetic model are used. The tuning parameters involved in phase equilibrium model are dependent on interactive components and system temperature. For kinetic model, parameter values are adopted from the Aspen flowsheet simulator. Interestingly, there is no side reaction (e.g., solvation reaction, electrolyte decomposition and polyiodide formation) considered aiming to make the proposed model simple that leads to a challenging prediction. The process parameters are determined on the basis of optimal hydrogen production as reflux ratio = 0.87, total number of stages = 19 and feeding point at 8th stage. With this, the column operates at a reasonably low pressure (i.e., 8 bar) and produces hydrogen in the distillate with a desired composition (H₂ = 9.18 mol%, H₂O = 88.27 mol% and HI = 2.54 mol%). Finally, the results are compared with other model simulations. It is observed that the proposed scheme leads to consume a reasonably low energy requirement of 327 MJ/kmol of H₂.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.702-707
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• 1998

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a microbial enzyme (Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$), a multicarbohydrases preparation, supplementation to the wheat-based layer diets. Diets were formulated to include different levels of wheat replacing yellow corn on isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis. The energy value of wheat in the enzyme supplemented diets was adjusted (spec-modified) to have 5% more ME than the wheat in diets without enzyme. A total of 864 Hy-$Line^{(R)}$ brown layers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: 10% wheat (T1), 25% wheat (T2), 25% wheat (spec-modified)+ 0.01 % Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$ (T3), and all wheat (spec-modified)+0.01% Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$ (T4). Hen-day egg productions of T1 and T4 were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of T2 but not different from T3. Hen-housed egg production of T4 was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than those of T1 and T3 but not different from T2. Egg weights of T1 and T2 were significantly (p < 0.0 1) greater than that of T4. Feed consumption of T2 was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than other treatments. Feed conversion ratio (feed/egg mass) was not significantly different among treatments. Eggshell thickness of T1 was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than other treatments but ratio of broken eggs was not significantly different among treatments. Haugh unit of T4 was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of T2. Egg yolk color was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by treatments in which enzyme treatment potentiated the yolk pigmentation. It was concluded that a multi-carbohydrases supplementation enables complete replacement of yellow com with wheat without loss of productivity and major egg quality parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial replacement of wheat hay with sun-dried (SOC) or acid-treated SOC (ASOC) olive cake on nutrient intake and performance of Awassi lambs. An additional objective was to study the effects of acid treatment of olive cake (OC) on its chemical composition and nutritive value. On DM basis, sun-drying of OC did not dramatically affect its chemical composition. On the other hand, treating SOC with phosphoric acid decreased (p<0.05) SOC contents of neutral detergent fiber. Twenty seven male lambs ($17.6{\pm}0.75$ kg body weight) individually housed in shaded pens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments (9 lambs/treatment). Dietary treatments were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous by replacing 50% of wheat hay in the control diet (CTL) with SOC or ASOC and to meet all nutrient requirements. Dietary treatments had no effects on nutrient intake or digestibility except for ether extract. Lambs fed the SOC diet had (p = 0.05) faster growth rate, greater final body weight, and greater total body weight gain in comparison with the CTL diet, but not different from the ASOC diet. Additionally, lambs fed the SOC diet had greater (p = 0.03) hot and cold carcass weights than the ASOC diet, but not different from the CTL diet. However, feed conversion ratios and dressing percentages were similar among dietary treatments. In conclusion, replacing half of dietary wheat hay with SOC improved performance of Awassi lambs with no detrimental effects on nutrients intake or digestibility. No further improvements in the nutritive value of SOC and lambs performance were detected when SOC was treated with acid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1434-1439
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• 2001

Eighty crossbred pigs (Large White x Landrace) weighing 9.9 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and Jitter to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial $(5\;treatments\;{\times}2\;sexes)$ arrangement to compare the nutritive value of hulled and dehulled peas fed with or without enzyme (0.25% Allzyme PF and 0.5% Biogal-S). A barley and soybean meal diet served as a control. Eight castrates and eight gilts were fed each diet. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy were higher for diets containing dehulled peas than hulled peas. In addition, enzyme supplementation modestly increased the digestibility of all three nutrients. Over the entire experimental period (9.9 to 103.3 kg), there were no performance differences (p>0.05) between pigs fed soybean meal based diets or diets based on any of the pea products. In addition, there were no differences in performance between pigs fed diets containing hulled or dehulled peas or between pigs fed diets with or without dietary enzyme. Castrates gained weight significantly faster, consumed more feed but had a poorer feed conversion than gilts (p<0.05). There were no differences in carcass traits between pigs fed diets based on soybean meal or any of the pea products. Carcass traits were similar for pigs fed hulled or dehulled peas while enzyme supplementation also had no effect on carcass data. Castrate pigs had a lower carcass value index, estimated lean yield and loin lean depth (p<0.05). Loin fat depth was greater for castrates than gilts (p<0.05). The overall results of this experiment provide little support for the need for enzyme supplementation of pea based diets fed to swine. In addition, dehulling did not appreciably improve the nutritive value of peas. Therefore, since the process adds to the cost of the raw product, its use is unlikely to be economical.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1997

Appropriation of partial substitution of concentrate mixture by urea-molasses-mineral block (UMMB) lick supplements for 20 lactating crossbred cows in 2nd and 3nd lactation was studied. Animals fed on wheat straw ad lib. and Berseem (Trifolium alaxandrium) fodder @ 1.5 kg/d on dry matter basis. Animals of control group were given concentrate supplement, while in treatment groups 10% of the concentrate requirement was substituted with 3 different types of UMMB lick type A ($T_1$), type B ($T_2$) and type C ($T_3$). CP content of the ration was 15%. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was about 1.0 kg/kg of fat corrected milk (FCM) yield and was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. Digestibility of neither proximate principles nor cell wall constituents were deviated on UMMB licks partial supplementation. FCM yield was increased by 140, 410 and 460 g/d, in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively, in comparison to control group but differences were statistically invalid. Though fat per cent was reduced, fat yields were remain constant among treatments. Milk composition was unaltered except significant difference (p < 0.01) in non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content. Gross-N and digestible-N conversion was significantly higher (p < 0.01) with $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ than control group. Energy utilization efficiency for milk production was only 36%. Result demonstrated that UMMB licks could be partial supplemented up to 10% of the concentrate requirement of crossbred cows yielding on an average 14kg/d without any adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient utilization and mild production. Comparatively, UMMB lick type B and C was proved better than type A and also economically viable.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.2B no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 2002

This paper presents an active auxiliary edge-resonant DC link snubber with a ringing surge damper and a three-phase voltage source type zero voltage soft-switching inverter with the resonat snubber treated here for the AC servo motor driver applications. The operation of the active auxiliary edge-resonant DC link snubber circuit with PWM voltage is described, together with the practical design method to select its circuit parameters. The three-phase voltage source type soft-switching inverter with a single edge-resonant DC link snubber treated here is evaluated and discussed for the small-scale permanent magnet (PM) type-AC servo motor driver from an experimental point of view. In addition to these, the AC motor stator current and its motor speed response for the proposed three-phase soft-switching inverter employing Intelligent Power Module(IPM) based on IGBTS are compared with those of the conventional three-phase hard-switching inverter using IPM. The practical effectiveness of the three-phase soft-switching inverter-fed permanent magnet type AC motor speed tracking servo driver is proven on the basis of the common mode current in a novel type three-phase soft-switching inverter-fed AC motor side and the conductive noise on the mains terminal interface voltage as compared with those of the conventional three-phase hard-switching inverter-fed permanent magnet type AC servo motor driver for the speed tracking applications.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

We introduce a way to generate morphologically and syntactically well-formed English sentences when building Korean to English bilingual dictionary for Machine Translation Systems. It has been proved that basic inflectional or structural descriptions for English sentences are by no means enough to generate proper English sentences because of traditional dictionary structures. Furthermore, much research has been focused only on how to disambiguate semantic ambiguities of words in a bilingual dictionary To take advantage of existing paperback Korean to English bilingual dictionary, its automatic conversion to an electronic version and methodologies to assign proper features to the descriptions for well-formed English sentences with minimum human effort have been proposed on the basis of the dictionary-specific structures. This approach was originally motivated for a glossary-based machine translation system, but it can be also applied to large scale dictionary work.