• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to explore the antecedent factors to the piracy of the digital copyrights in order to provide basic data for piracy prevention policy. The findings of study revealed that most respondents had experiences to copy MP3 files illegally. And many respondents answered they didn't copy pirated material by themselves but others did piracy a lot. The feeling of quilt and anxiety against piracy is shown very low level. Low copy cost and regulation level significantly impact upon the cognitive level of other's piracy. Updated contents, the higher price of authenticated materal, piracy regulation are the significant antecedent factors to the level of piracy. The level of piracy activity and anxiety against piracy are significantly different by age. The cognitive level of other's piracy, piracy activity and anxiety are significantly different by gender.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.183-187
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• 2005

A Zero-Voltage-Switching(ZVS) Three-Level Converter realizes ZVS for the switches with the use of the leakage inductance(or external resonant inductance) and the output capacitors of the switches, however; the rectifier diodes suffer from recovery which results in oscillation and voltage spike. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel ZVS Three-Level converter, which introduces two clamping diodes to the basic Three-Level converter to eliminate the oscillation and clamp the rectified voltage to the reflected input voltage, the proposed ZVS Three-Level converter can be simplified by removing the two freewheeling diodes.

• 농촌계획
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction level and to analyze the factors in the environment friendly consolidation canals. In this study, the survey consists of four parts, such as the actual status of environment friendly canals, satisfaction level for each items, overall satisfaction level and the personal features of the users. Total 128 samples out of 140 respondents were used for the final analysis. Analysis of the satisfaction level were fulfilled to survey results such as the basic statistics and the correlations of variables, in addition, dispersion analysis for two user groups were carried out. Function of canal, water quality, landscape, and convenience facilities were chosen as independent variables in the model. Residents in Yeoju area were satisfied with water quality, water quantity and the function of canal. And residents of Yeonggwang area were satisfied with the convenience facilities and the function of the newly consolidated canal.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.105-122
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data to analyze the importance of family as the consumer socialization agents influencing consumer socialization and to enhance the adolescent children's level of consumer skill. The summary of research results is as follows: 1. There were significant differences in the mothers' level of consumer socialization according to the age, education level, consumer attitude, children's grade. 2. The factors showing significant relations to children's level of consumer skills were found to be children's sex, their grade, mother's age and their consumer attitude. The similar results were found for the various aspects of consumer skills. 3. Both the mother's level of consumer socialization with respect to themselves and with respect to children were found to be positivily correlated to children's level of consumer skills. 4. The result of analyzing the independent contribution of the factors in affecting the childern's level of consumer skills is that in order of increasing contribution the factors are the mother's level of consumer socialization with respect to children, children's grade, their sex, the mother's age. 5. The mother's level of consumer socialization with respect to themselves and with respect to children were found to be considerably influenced by demographics and socio-psychological variables. And it was confirmed that the mother's level of consumer socialization has causal relations to children's level of consumer skills.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to identify the level of stress, hardiness, and professional burnout of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and to provide basic data for the qualitative improvement of nursing work achievement in the workplace. Method: The data were obtained from 129 ICU nurses through a questionnaire. Results: Stress showed positive correlation with the level of professional burnout and there was negative correlation between hardiness and professional burnout. Nurses in the group with a high level of stress, and a high level of hardiness reported a low level of professional burnout compared to those in the group with a lower level of hardiness (t=-2.60, p= .012). Nurses in the group with a low level of hardiness and a low level of stress showed a lower level of professional burnout than those with a high level of stress (t=3.51, p= .001). Conclusion: The results show that the high level of stress when coupled with a low level of hardiness of ICU nurses results in a high level of professional burnout. For this reason, it is important for nursing administration to support nurses to reduce levels of stress and the resulting burnout in ICU nurses.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

서비스수준(Level of Service)은 사용자측면에서 도로의 서비스를 평가하는 정성적 평가지표로 운전자의 적정 이동성을 결정하는 지표가 된다. 그러나 현재 서비스수준 기준은 경험적이며 정성적인 식이어서, 합리적인 도로설계와 운영을 위해서는 사용자에게 영향을 미치는 인자들을 보다 종합적이고 정량적으로 평가하는 것이 바람직하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사용자 비용(User Cost)의 직접효과측면에서, 현재 고속도로 기본구간의 서비스 수준의 효과척도(MOE)로 제시되고 있는 교통량대 용량비(v/c비)의 변화에 따른 사용자비용함수를 개발하였다. 분석대상지로 지방부 고속도로인 신갈-안산간 고속도로와 중부고속도로 기본구간(2km) 4곳을 대상으로 하였다. 해당지역의 사고자료, 교통량자료, 기하구조자료를 수집, 정리하고 교통량대 용량비와 관련비용과의 직접적인 함수관계를 도출함으로써, 사용자 비용을 최소화하는 교통량대 용량비 지점을 산정하였다. 대상구간의 사고비용함수, 운행비용함수, 통행시간비용함수를 분석한 결과, 사용자는 교통량대 용량비가 0.54인 지점에서 가장 적은 비용을 부담하게 되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 현행 KHCM이 제시하고 있는 지방부 고속도로 기본 구간의 교통량대 용량비인 0.70(서비스 수준C)과는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나, 현재 기준에 따른 도로공급은 사용자비용을 증가시키고 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Objectives and Importance : The present study investigated the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the CSF of patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical significance. Methods : The levels of bFGF in CSF, taken from 26 hemispheres of 14 moyamoya patients and 20 patients without vascular anomaly(control group), were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed the correlation between the level of bFGF and the clinical factors such as age, onset pattern, development of neovascularization, and cerebral circulation. Results : The CSF of moyamoya patients contained a high concentration of bFGF to a significant extent. The bFGF level was apparently elevated in the patients in whom neovascularization from indirect revascularization, such as modified encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis(EDAS) was well developed. A linear correlation between the values of bFGF and clinical progression was noted. Conclusions : The elevation of bFGF in moyamoya disease seems to be specific. Clinically, the bFGF level may be considered a useful indicator to predict the efficacy of indirect revascularization.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

This study is to understand the situations of special education classroom layout, find differences according to school levels and summarize the findings in order to build up the indicators for special classroom layout. As for elementary school level, special classrooms are using multi-purposes desk or group desk for diverse activities such as basic learning and formation of basic life practice. The most frequent type in classroom layout is Type E which is for diverse coner-learning and play activities and the next is Type C which secures activity space. Because security of dynamic activity which most teachers find problematic is important, it needs more research to secure dynamic activity space within classroom. As for middle school level, the most frequent type in classroom layout is Type B which is equiped for computer aided learning and the next is Type C which secures activity space. Research for systematic layout of activity space is needed in order to secure the spaces of dynamic activity and basic job training. As for high school levels, mostly Type B which emphasizes computer activities is adopted and next is Type F which is capable for job training. The survey about the size of special education classroom proves that most teachers want one and half size classroom which in not such a large classroom. It is expected that more systematic research of special classroom layout according to school levels may reach for rational space layout.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.312-321
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate the quality of chronic care provided by public health centers located in a South Korean metropolitan city using a modified Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC). Methods: We conducted self-evaluation surveys and collected data using a modified ACIC from twenty five public health centers. Cultural validity of the original ACIC was examined by the public health and nursing science experts. Based on expert reviews, cognitive interviews, pre-test results, five items of the original ACIC that were not relevant were deleted. The response scale was changed from twelve-point Likert scale to Guttman scale but its scoring system was maintained. Results: Eighty eight percent of public health centers in this study reported that their overall quality of chronic care was at a limited or basic level. About 68% of the centers reported that the organization was as reasonably good or fully developed to provide chronic care. On the other hand, 96% of the public health centers reported that the clinical information system was at a very limited or basic support level. The decision support, the integration of Chronic Care Model components, the delivery system design, the community linkages, and the self-management support were evaluated as limited or basic level of support by more than half of the public health centers, respectively. Conclusion: In a metropolitan area of South Korea, quality of chronic care in public health centers was not found to reach acceptable levels of services. It is critical to enhance the quality of chronic care in public health centers.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.627-633
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• 2003

본 연구는 제 7차 교육과정의 국민공통기본교육과정에 따른 과학과 생물영역 물질대사와 관련한 개념의 수준과 연계성에 대해 조사하였다. 분석에 사용된 교과서는 초등학교는 1종 검인정 교과서를 사용하였으나, 중학교와 고등학교는 분석의 일관성을 유지하기 위하여 동일 출판사에서 개발한 3종의 교과서를 사용하였다. 물질대사와 관련한 개념은 초등학교에서는 42개, 중학교에서는 3개 출판사 평균 92개, 고등학교에서는 평균 59개가 제시된 것으로 조사되었다. 출판사에 따라 다소 차이는 있었으나 학교급이 올라감에 따라 점차적으로 구체적 개념에 대한 형식적 개녕의 비율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으나, 학습개념의 수는 급격하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 교육과정 및 교과서 개발 시 학습단원에 따른 학습개념의 제시는 학습자의 인지 수준 및 제시되는 개념의 수를 적정화해야 하며, 단원과 학습 내용의 수직적 연계성을 고려한 구성이 필요하다.