• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2000

A 20-day-old female Diprosopia in Holstein calf was observsd macroscopically and radiographically. Anterior head duplication(Diprosopia) was observed and all structures caudal to it were normal. She had two muzzles, three eyes, two ears and two tongues. The tongues were joined at their base just posterior and had one hyoid bone. Schistognathia and cleft lips were also observed in the lower jaws. She had an oral cavity, single epiglottis and a laryngeal cavity communicated with one trachea. The cerebral hemispheres were duplicated and fused together in the caudal region. The olfactory and optic nerves were duplicated. The incisive, nasal, pterygoid, parietal, ethmoid bones and vomer were duplicated, respectively. The skull of Diprosopia was shared by an occipital bone. The mandibules, palatines and sphenoid bones were duplicated incompletely. Three orbits and two fontanelles were observed. The medial lacrimal bones and maxillae were duplicated incompletely and fused with each other, respectively. Cleft palates were observed. Medial mandibular mass which was fused together and was duplicated incompletely at the part of its cranial, was shown synchondrosis with the left mandible, but not with the right.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.116-121
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• 1995

The foreign bodies in the ENT field are very common disease. The kind of foreign bodies are closely related with our life style and was represented according to culture, habit, and economical status. We analyzed retrospectively 272 cases with foreign bodies in the upper aerodigestive tract and the external auditory canal which were diagnosed and managed at the Department of Otolaryngology Chungbuk National University from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1994. We could divided 272 cases to the three groups; Group I was 212 cases(77.9%) that the patients had foreign bodies in the external auditory canal, nasal cavity, and pharynx which didn't need to be admitted, Group II was 57 cases(22%) that the patients had esophageal foreign bodies, and Group III was 3 cases(1.1%) that the patients had bronchial foreign bodies. The most prevalent age group was under 5 years old(32.3%). The overall ratio of male and female was 1.24 : 1, and the overall ratio of urban and rural ratio was 2.31 : 1. The ratio of esophageal foreign bodies and bronchial foreign bodies was 19 : 1. The incidence of sorts of foreign bodies in Group I was fish bone(41.07%), insect(25.9%), plastic bullet(8.0%), in order of frequency. The locations of foreign bodies in Group I was external auditory canal(36.8%), the tonsil(26.9%), nasal cavity(17.0%), tongue base(10.4%) in order of frequency. The incidence of sorts of foreign bodies in Group II was coin(49.1%), chicken bone(17.5%), fish bone(15.8%), in order of frequency. The main location of foreign bodies in Group II was the first narrowing(78.9%). In the Group III, the foreign bodies were corn, peanut, and apple. One patient who was arrived too late was died.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2021

본 연구는 유압기계에 사용되는 유압 시스템에서 기포를 저감시킴으로써 효율을 증대시키는 장치에 관한 것이다. 해외 상용품인 기포저감장치의 역설계를 진행하였고, 실험에 용이하게 제품들을 제작하였다. 작동성 실험을 위해 총 3종류의 시스템을 구성하였다. 해외 상용품을 Base Model로 설정하였고, 하강하는 유체의 표면적을 넓히기 위해 회전형 Rotator와 경사형 Rotator를 추가하였으며, 유체를 균등하게 분배해주기 위해 하단부에 슬롯이 파진 환형 균등분배 파트를 추가 적용하였다. 또한 내부 유동경향을 분석하였으며, 유체의 직선적인 흐름을 균등하게 분배시키는 시스템을 1차 개선 모델로 선정하였고, 설계 변수를 적용하여 추가 유동해석을 진행하였다. 1차 개선 모델을 바탕으로 경사형 Rotator의 각도가 45°일 때를 2차 개선 모델로 선정하였다. 이를 기준으로 환형 균등분배 파트의 출구너비를 변수로 설정한 결과, 환형 파트의 하단부 슬롯 직경이 10mm일 때 기포저감 효율이 가장 높았다. 최종적으로 Base Model 대비 평균 단면 유속이 147% 감소한 시스템을 최종 개선 모델로 도출하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2020

Chronic otitis media (COM) is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the middle ear, mastoid cavity. It presents hearing loss, ear pain, dizziness, headache, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation and intracranial complication. Intracranial complications such as skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) may occur secondary to COM due to transmission of infection by a number of possible routes. SBO is an uncommon condition with a significant morbidity and mortality if not treated in the early stages. We report a-67-year-old male patient with diabetes and untreated COM who presented atypical severe TMJ, periorbital and postmandibular pain. By computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole body bone scan (WBBS), he was diagnosed with SBO spreading from untreated COM via infective arthritis of TMJ. Through this case, we suggest proper utilization of diagnostic imaging, especially CT or MRI for the early detection of SBO in the case of COM accompanying with the greater risk of infection developments such as diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.14-23
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the anatomical characteristics, the radial and axial variation of the cell dimension and bulk density for four bamboo species used as the major material of bamboo products in Korea; Phyllostachys(P.bambusoides, P.edulis, P.nigra var.henonis, and Pnigra). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) In the outer part of culm, the mophological difference of cell diameter and distribution were not acknowledged. However, gum-like substance was occurred In the epidermis, hypodermis, cortex and metaxylem vessel of P.nigra, while it was occured only in the metaxylem vessel of P.edulis. 2) The protoxylem vessel in the central zone of culm-wall could be in the two types; the first type consisted of 4-5 small cell pieces occurred in P.edulis and P.nigra var. henonis, the second type of 1-2 large cell pieces in P.bambusoides and P.nigra. And transition of cell diameter from the vascular bundle sheath to the ground tissue was gradually enlarged in P.nigra and P.edulis but abruptly in P.bambusoides and P.nigra var. henonis. 3) Thin-wall tyloses were well developed in the outer and central zone of culm-wall in four species. 4) Compared with the central part of culm-wall, the number of parenchyma cells and the amount of the vascular bundle sheaths per unit area were a few in the inner part. The inner part nearest to the pith cavity was consisted of thick-well parenchyma cell. 5) The dimensional variations of metaxylem vessel and parenchyma cell in the radial direction were decreased from the inner part to the epidermis in all species observed. 6) The fiber length was the maximum in the central zone and its diameter was increased from the inner part to the outer part. In the axial variation. fiber length was slightly increased from the base and then decresed slowly toward the top, and its diameter was reverse. 7) The axial variation of the bulk density was continuously increased from the base toward the top and its radial variation was rapidly increased from the inner part to the epidermis.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1998

기생성 요각류 2종, Clavellopsis hugu(Lernaeopodidae; Siphonostomatoida)와 Taeniacanthus yamagutii(Taeniacanthidae; Poecilostomatoida)이 한국산 양식 황복의 구강, 코, 표피 등에 기생하고 있음을 국내에서 처음으로 보고하며, 아울러 이종의 형태학적 특징을 상세히 기술하였다. Clavellopsis huge의 체형, 제2 촉각, 큰 턱 및 제2 소악 등은 다른 종과 쉽게 구별된다. 암컷의 두흉부는 동쪽으로 휘어져 있으며, 제2 촉각은 2분지, 큰 턱의 날은 톱니 모양, 제2 소악은 두흉부 기저에 완전히 융합될 bulla 형태이다. 수컷의 두흉부와 몸통은 완전히 융합된 난형이며, 두쌍의 악각은 집게형이다. Taeniacanthus yamagutii의 주요 특징은 제2소악이 견고하고, 악각의 갈고리 기저에 돌기가 있으며, 제2-4 바깥 다리의 가시 끝에 촉각이 1개씩 있다. 이들은 모두 한국 미기록종이며, 양식산 복어(Takifugu obscurus)는 새로운 숙주이다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 1998

In order to develop a desirable in vitro release which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability, hollow type suppository containing Propranolol HCl(PPH) powder in the cavity and conventional type suppository with dispersed PPH in the base were prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as a base and PPH as a model drug were used for the preparation of suppository. The rates of drug release from the suppositories were studied by Paddle method, Muranish method, Dialysis tubing method and Rotating dialysis cell method. The release profiles from suppositories using the four different release tests were compared. After a rectal administration in rat, the mean $C_{max}$ of hollow type suppository was significantly lower than that of conventional type, but $T_{max}$, $AUC_{0{\to}12}$ and MRT of hollow type were significantly higher 1.6 times, 1.2 times and 1.9 times than those of conventional type, respectively. The computer program was used to simulate plasma concentration from in vitro released amounts of drug and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on comparison of the simulated bioavailability from computer program with experimental bioavailability in rat we have found out in vitro release test which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability. Our results have shown the best correlation between in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability in PPH-PVA hydrogel hollow type suppository for the paddle method and conventional type suppository for the rotating dialysis cell method. In this work we propose that PPH-PVA hydrogel suppository shows in vitro-in vivo correlation. This data should help to optimize the formulation of the drug and provide a basis for quality control procedures.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.464-469
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• 1997

The radiopacity of glass ionomer cements is quite variable. The use of a poorly radiopaque material as a base under other restorative materials can mislead the dentist to a diagnosis of recurrent decay. This study investigates the radiopacity of these materials and proposes a minimal radiopacity under which a material should not be used as a base or liner. It is important to determine the radiopacity of glass ionomer dental materials so that the clinician can appreciate the type of restorative materials used when radiographically evaluation the possibility of recurrent dental caries. In this study, radiopacity of Vitrement and Chemfil was compared with that of Cavalite, Miracle mix and polycarboxylate cement. Tooth model of artificial cavity preparation for diagnosis of recurrent caries was omitted. Radiopacity of each material was measured using relatives between thickness and radiopacity of Aluminium step wedge. The results were as follows : 1. Radiopacity of Vitrement was some higher than enamel. 2. Chemfil, restorative glass ionomer, was less radiopaque than enamel. 3. In order of higher radiopacity than enamel, Miracle mix was highest and was followed by polycarboxylate cement, Cavalite and Vitremer. 4. Vitremer, the Glass Ionomer Cement, is useful to detection of recurrent caries, because it is slightly higher radiopaque than enamel. So, it is suitable for restorative material and luting cement.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

사출성형에서 제품의 최종 품질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자들 중의 하나는 사출압력이다. 전통적으로 현장의 사출전문가는 오래된 현장 경험을 바탕으로 사출압력을 결정한다. 그러나 비전문가에게는 제품의 크기, 형상 그리고 사출공정의 전반적인 과정을 고려한 적절한 사출압을 결정하기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 퍼지 논리(fuzzy logic)를 이용하여 제품도면에 나와 있는 제품두께와 유동길이를 알면 쉽게 초기 사출압을 결정할 수 있도록 전문가의 경험을 규칙베이스화 하였다. 규칙베이스를 구성하기 위해서 현장 전문가들을 인터뷰하고 설문조사를 한 후 기술적인 문서를 작성하여야 하지만 본 연구에서는 사출성형 해석 프로그램인 C-Mold를 이용하여 수 차례의 시뮬레이션을 반복 수행하여 규칙베이스를 구성하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.346-355
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• 1999

To evaluate the micro leakage of compomer, 4 materials were divided into 4 groups of 15 cavities each.(Group 1: Z-100, Group 2: Dyarct AP, Group 3: Fuji II LC, Group 4: Compoglass) After the class II cavities were prepared using carbide bur No. 553, all specimen were restored by incremental filling technique. In group 3, Z-100 was filled with a base of a light curing glass-ionomer. After 7 days, all specimens were thermocycled between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ for 500 cycles, followed by placement in 50% silver nitrate dye for 2 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. After rinsed in distilled water, these teeth were immersed in photodeveloping solution and exposed to fluorescent light for 6 hours. Teeth were then washed in distilled water to remove the photodeveloping solution, sectioned mesio-distally and evaluated. The results were as follows : 1. In the cervical portion, there was significant difference between Fuji II LC and other groups(Z-100, Dyract AP, Compoglass), Fuji II LC had the least value.(p<0.05) 2. In the cervical portion, there was not significant difference among Dyract AP, Z-100 and Compoglass. 3. In the occlusal portion, there was not significant difference among Dyract AP, Z-100 and Compoglass. From the results above, In enamel, microleakage of compomer such as Dyract AP and Compoglass resemble to that of composite resin. It is thought that it is due to characteristics of composite resin portion of compomer. But in dentin, microleakage of compomer is higher than that of resin modified glass ionomer cement, it is thought that in compomer, acid-base reaction is not developed with dentin.