• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate effects of silicate fertilizer application on red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) productivity with improving soil chemistry under plastic film house in paddy field. METHODS AND RESULTS: The silicate fertilizer was applied as 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/10a as basal dressing before transplanting pepper plant seedlings. Cultivar of the pepper plant was Cheon-Ha-Dae-Se. Amounts of inorganic fertilizer applied as $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=19.0-6.4-10.1kg/10a was estimated depending on soil test values. After applying 50% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus, and 60% of potassium fertilizers as basal dressing, the seedlings of pepper plant were transplanted. The rests of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied as side-dressing after the first, second, and fourth harvests of red pepper. When comparing selected chemical properties of soils between before transplanting and after final(the fifth) harvest, soil pH, available $P_2O_5$, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ increased with increasing the applications of silicate fertilizer, whereas electrical conductivity(EC) decreased. However, exchangeable $K^+$ was higher with the treatments of 100 and 200 kg/10a, and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ was higher with 300 kg/10a application. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of red pepper collected from the first harvesting stage decreased with increasing the applications of silicate fertilizer, but potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in red pepper were highest with 300 kg/10a application. Yield of red pepper increased between 9.0 and 11.8% with the applications of silicate fertilizer. Marketable fruit rate of res pepper was highest(97.3%) with 200 kg/10a application. CONCLUSION: The application of silicate fertilizer as basal dressing in paddy-converted fields improved soil chemistry and increased red pepper productivity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 1998

A field experiment was conducted to investigate changes of $NH_4-N$, N uptake, N use efficiency and rice yield by the Latex coated urea(LCU) application on wet-seeding rice from 1994 to 1997. Nitrogen deficiency symptom appeared when LCU was applied as basal dressing continuously until the ripening stage during normal temperature year, but was completed at heading stage during year at high temperature. Percentage recovery of fertilizer N was higher in LCU than in urea but decreased in high temperature. Turn over of N applied as LCU to grain increased more during years high temperature than the normal year. Rice yield with LCU treatment compared to conventional treatment was similar during the normal year but decreased by 6% during year of high temperature. Top dressing of urea at panicle initiation stage in addition to basal dressing of LCU increased rice yield to 12%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is one of the important aspects of economic production of sorghums in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N application rates and its split N application methods on productivity, growth characteristics, N accumulation, N use efficiency (NUE), and feed value of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrids. Treatments consisted of five N application rates (0, 150, 200, 250, and $300kg\;ha^{-1}$) and two split N application methods (40% in basal N, 30% at the growing stage, and 30% after the first harvest vs. 50% in basal N and 50% after the first harvest). Plant height, leaf width, and stem diameter were increased ($p{\leq}0.05$) with increasing N fertility rates at each harvest. Chlorophyll content (expressed as SPAD values) was the highest at a rate of $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1)$ (first harvest, 46.32; second harvest, 33.09). It was the lowest at zero N (first harvest, 21.56; second harvest, 18.5). Total N, N uptake, and NUE were increased with higher N rates. Split N application had little effect on total N, amount of N uptake, or NUE. Total dry matter yields were the highest ($21,715\;kg\;ha^{-1}$) at a rate of $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. It was the lowest ($10,054\;kg\;ha^{-1}$) at zero N. Our results suggest that more than $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ can improve dry matter yield to be above 116% compared to zero N, thus enhancing the agronomic characters of sorghums. However, no significant effect had been found for split N application. Further work is needed to determine the optimal N levels and the effect of split N application rates.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of N levels (0,10,20,30kg/10a) and N split rates [the rates of basal＋top dressing 15 days after transplanting (DAT) : top dressing 25 days before heading (DBH) was 100 : 0, 80 : 20, 60 : 40 ] on the growth, yield, yield components, and N uptake of Seomjinbyeo (J) and Samgangbyeo (I${\times}$J). The maximum tillering stage occurred in the middle of July in both varieties, but Samgangbyeo showed the second maximum tillering stage in the middle of August probably due to the retarded early growth caused by low temperature in the tillering stage and to favoring temperature in August. Grain yield of Seomjinbyeo was similar among the N levels from 10 to 30 kg/10a without occurrence of rice blast and lodging, but that of Samgangbyeo increased as N level increased upto 30 kg/10a. Grain yield of Seomjinbyeo was higher when N was applied three times (basal and two top dressings 15 DAT and 25 DBH) compared with two times (basal and top dressing 15 DAT), but that of Samgangbyeo was not different among the N split rates. Total N uptake and the proportion of fertilizer N to the total N uptake increased as N level was higher. N uptake tended to be higher as proportion of basal＋top dressing 15 DAT increased in early growth stage, but it was higher as proportion of N applied 25 DBH increased in the late growth stage. The N efficiency to produce grain per absorbed N unit decreased as N level decreased in Seomjinbyeo, but similar in Samgangbyeo.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 1993

This study was conducted to evaluate coated urea complex fertilizer (CUC) application for rice growth and its grain quality on clay loam (Deogpyeong series) and sandy loam (Gangseo series) in southern region of Korea, 1992. The coated urea complex fertilizer used in the experiment was CUC I and II. The CUC I is a complex fertilizer consisting of 18-12-13 for $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ including 50% of coated urea as nitrogen source, and CUC II is the same complex fertilize as mentioned above but it contains 25% of coated urea. Seventy percent of conventional fertilizer for nitrogen level was applied as basal dose of side-band placement (SBP) and whole plowlayer placement (WPP). Greenish degree of rice leaf color at the late growth stage was high in CUC plots regardless of application method and soil series. Amount of nitrogen uptaken by the rice plant at harvesting stage was mush more in the CUC treatment compared to convential fertilizer, and also much more in CUC I than that of CUC II. In the WPP on clay loam, harvest index of CUC treatment was showed very low level, which was reduced more in CUC II plot. In the CUC treatments, perfect rice grain ratio decreased remarkably, and the notched-belly rice kernel ratios among imperfect rice grain increased drastically. In rice grain, Hon-value(Mg to K.N ratio) decreased, protein and amylose contents increased in CUC application plots in WPP. In addition, gel consitency and alkali spreading value related to eating quality in CUC plots were getting longer and lower, respectively. The yield in CUC plot was similar to conventional fertilizing, but significant decreased in SBP. As a result, the rice grain quality became poor with the coated urea complex fertilizer application, but it could be improved by incorporation with fast-release fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.741-747
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• 2010

The feasibility of using ammonium (${NH_4}^+$) and potassium ($K^+$)-loaded zeolite (NK-Z) as a slow-release fertilizer to control nitrogen and potassium supply was investigated in this study. The growth responses, which were determined in terms of shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and fresh fruit weight, were greater in plants treated with NK-Z than in those treated with chemical fertilizers (CF) after 18 weeks of transplantation. The total fruit weight per plant in treated with NK-Z as the basal and additional fertilizer (ZBAF) was 14.89% higher than that of CF. The nitrogen and potassium contents in NK-Z amended soils were higher than those in CF amended soils in the final stage of plant growth. The ammonium nitrogen ($NH_4$-N) concentration in ZBAF amended soils was 63.41% higher than that in CF amended soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.199-217
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• 1975

For the establishment of efficient method of potassium topdressing on rice the optimum time and amount were investigated and discussed on the basis of available data from nutriophysiological studies, soil characteristics and fertilizer trials in fields. The followings were pointed out. 1. According to yield rice plants require more potassium around heading under water culture. 2. Potassium involves in harvest index, filled grain ratio, grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle. 3. Potassium is lost after heading in most fields in spite of highest requirement during this period. 4. The higher $K_2O/N$ ratio in straw at harvest is, the higher the yield. 5. Relatively low efficiency of potassium fertilizer under the field condition may be due to improper application method rather than natural supply from soil and irrigation water. 6. Appropriate topdressing time appears at in effective tillering stage for the prevention of nitrogen excess and at 15 to 20 days after transplanting, ear formation stage and 5 days after heading for the prevention of soil reduction damage. Two times of topdressing for clayey soil and three times for sandy soil seems reasonable in practice together with nitrogen topdressing, 7. The reasonable ratio basal to topdressing of potassium fertlizer seems to be 2/3 and $N/K_2O$ ratio of fertilization for ear formation stage appeared also as 2/3.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 1984

The competitive relationship between orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) was studied under aerial and soil partitions and N, P fertilizer combinations. Orchardgrass and ladino clover were grown in field with one of non competition, shoot competition only, root competition only, full competition and competition between same species. Under basal application of K fertilizer N and P were applied in treatment combinations of blank, N only (l5kg/10a), P only (l5kg/10a), and both NP at planting and each cutting. The forage yield in mixture was between yield of pure orchard grass stand and the 'expected yield', which was a mean of both pure stands. The forage yield in pure ladino was the lowest. During the experiment there was a progressive decline in clover yield either pure stand or mixture. Since orchardgrass was 'over-compensated' to low-yielding clover, the yield of mixture was more than non competition. Orchard grass was more competitive than ladino clover as seasons advanced. The aggressivity of orchardgrass was higher in root competition than in shoot competition comparing to clover. Nitrogen fertilizer increased orchardgrass yield, while phosphate did ladino clover yield and root weight of both species. But the additional effect of P to N was not significant in dry weight and LAI.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

Excess nitrogen (N) uptake of rice, which could cause much lodging, disease and reduction of rice quality, could be occurred at the paddy field with previous upland condition at which much soil N could be mineralized by soil-drying effect. N fertilizers of 0, 3, and 6 kg N $10a^{-1}$ were applied to early-maturity rice, cultivar Joanbyeo at the paddy field of first and second year after upland condition, and rice growth and nitrogen uptake were investigated to know the increase of rice N uptake at the paddy field with previous upland condition for one-year. Total dry matter (DM) and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased more than continuous paddy field. Total DM and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased linearly to N fertilizer 6 kg $10a^{-1}$ at the paddy field owing to vigorous growth compared to continuous paddy field. Rice N uptake was higher at the paddy field of the first year than the second year after upland condition in considering N uptake at the plot of no N fertilizer. Vigorous growth at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher rice yield which was related with high panicle and spikelet, but much N fertilizer as much as 6 kg $10a^{-1}$ at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher lodging and protein content of brown and milled rice. Particularly, protein content of brown and milled rice increased more when the same N fertilizer was applied two times splitly at transplanting and panicle initiation stage than when N fertilizer was applied one time at transplanting as basal N. N application with under 3 kg $10a^{-1}$ as only basal N was recommended at the paddy field with previous upland condition to obtain high quality rice without lodging.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2011

In order to develop the application method of pig compost (PC) and liquid manure (LM) for whole crop barley cultivation, experiments were conducted at Munpo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Typic Fluvaquents) soil in Gyehwa-reclaimed land, six plots, a LM applied rate as N% ; non-application, chemical fertilizer (CF)100, 100, 50+50, 50+CF50 and (PC30+LM40)+LM50 as basal and additional fertilizer. $NO_3^-$-N content in soil was decreased as along with the growth of plant, highest in LM100% as basal fertilization at early growth stage and highest in (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% and CF100% at last growth stage. Amount of $NO_3^-$-N and $NH_4^+$-N in soil was high in (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% and CF100% of top soil but in subsoil significant difference was little in all treatment. Amount of OM, $A_V.P_2O_5$, T-N, exchangeable Ca and Na in soil was higher (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% than non-application after harvest. Amount of nutrient uptake in plant was higher in CF100% and split application of LM than LM 100% application. Nitrogen utilization rate was in the order of CF100% >LM50%+LM50%=LM50%+CF50%>(PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% >LM100%. The yield of whole crop barley in (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% and CF100% was 3.2 times more than in non-application ($309kg\;10a^{-1}$). Feed values such as crude protein and TDN was increased 1.0% ~ 1.4% in LM as split application than basal 100% treatment. Accordingly, in order to increase yield of a whole crop barley with application PC+LM in reclaimed land treat split application rather than to treat LM 100% into the land.