• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate anti-atopic dermatitis effect using ato-tang.Methods : Ato-tang was external treatment to NC/Nga mice for 4 weeks, where atopic dermatitis was induced by DNCB at 1% and 0.4% for 3 weeks. Atopic dermatitis index score was measured using eye observation and picture evaluation. The histopathological change of dorsal skin was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were measured by Luminex or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured by ELISA reader.Results : The dorsal skin of Ato-tang group showed decrease in erythema, pruritus, dry skin, edema, excoriation, erosion and lichenification level through naked eye observations. Immunoglobulin cell infiltration and the thickness of epidermis were significantly decreased in the dorsal skin compared to control. Production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and IgE level in serum were all significantly decreased, in comparison with control. In addition, mRNA expression level of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) in spleen was decreased, in comparison with control.Conclusion : The results indicated that external treatment of ato was improved skin barrier function in the symptoms of atopic dermatitis disease. Also, atopic dermatitis factors where cytokine as well as immunoglobulin E in serum and mRNA expression were decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. Therefore, we suggest that ato could be effectively used as a external therapeutic drug based on atopic dermatitis factors.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-2
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• 2017

Acquiring a selective growth advantage by breaking the proliferation barrier established by gatekeeper genes is a centrally important event in tumor formation. Removal of the mammalian Hippo kinase Mst1 and Mst2 in hepatocytes leads to rapid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation, indicating that the Hippo signaling pathway is a critical gatekeeper that restrains abnormal growth in hepatocytes. By rigorous genetic approaches, we identified an interacting network of the Hippo, Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin and Notch signaling pathways that control organ size and HCC development. We found that in hepatocytes, the loss of Mst1/2 leads to the activation of Notch signaling, which forms a positive feedback loop with Yap/Taz (transcription factors controlled by Mst1/2). This positive feedback loop results in severe liver enlargement and rapid HCC formation. Blocking the Yap/Taz-Notch positive feedback loop by Notch inhibition in vivo significantly reduced the Yap/Taz activities, hepatocyte proliferation and tumor formation. Furthermore, we uncovered a surprising inhibitory role of Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling to Yap/Taz activities, which are important in tumor initiation. Genetic removal of ${\beta}$-catenin in the liver of the Mst1/2 mutants significantly accelerates tumoriogenesis. Therefore, Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling, known for its oncogenic property, exerts an unexpected function in restricting Yap/Taz and Notch activities in HCC initiation. The molecular interplay between the three signaling pathways identified in our study provides new insights in developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat liver tumors.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.188.1-188.1
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• 2014

Aluminum is widely used as a material for electrode on silicon based devices. Especially, aluminum films are used as backside and front-side electrodes in silicon quantum dot (QD) solar cells. In this point, the diffusion of aluminum is very important for the enhancement of power conversion efficiency by improvement of contact property. Aluminum was deposited on a Si (100) wafer and a Si QD layer by ion beam sputter system with a DC ion gun. The Si QD layer was fabricated by $1100^{\circ}C$ annealing of the $SiO_2/SiO_1$ multilayer film grown by ion beam sputtering deposition. Cs ion beam with a low energy and a grazing incidence angle was used in SIMS depth profiling analysis to obtain high depth resolution. Diffusion behavior of aluminum in the Al/Si and Al/Si QD interfaces was investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as a function of heat treatment temperature. It was found that aluminum is diffused into Si substrate at $450^{\circ}C$. In this presentation, the effect of heat treatment temperature and Si nitride diffusion barrier on the diffusion of Al will be discussed.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2010

분자선 에피택시 방법을 이용하여 GaAs 기판 위에 GaAs 및 AlGaAs 에피층을 성장하면서 성장 멈춤 효과를 연구하였다. 성장 멈춤 시간에 따른 에피층 성장 과정은 반사 고에너지 전자회절로 측정하였다. 성장 멈춤 시간은 0, 15, 30, 60초로 하였다. 그리고 성장 멈춤 시간을 달리하여 GaAs/$Al_{0.3}Ga_{0.7}As$ 다양자우물을 성장한 후 양자우물의 특성을 조사하였다. 반사 고에너지 전자회절의 강도 진동은 성장 멈춤 시간에 영향을 받고 있었다. 그리고 양자우물의 광특성도 성장 멈춤 시간에 의존하고 있었다. 성장 멈춤 시간이 30초일 때 우물과 장벽층 사이에 급준한 계면을 가지는 에피층을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.68-68
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• 2011

As feature size is smaller, new technology are needed in semiconductor factory such as gap-fill technology for sub 100nm, development of ALD equipment for Cu barrier/seed, oxide trench etcher technology for 25 nm and beyond, development of high throughput Cu CMP equipment for 30nm and development of poly etcher for 25 nm and so on. We are focus on gap-fill technology for sub-30nm. There are many problems, which are leaning, over-hang, void, micro-pore, delaminate, thickness limitation, squeeze-in, squeeze-out and thinning phenomenon in sub-30 nm gap fill. New gap-fill processes, which are viscous oxide-SOD (spin on dielectric), O3-TEOS, NF3 Based HDP and Flowable oxide have been attempting to overcome these problems. Some groups investigated SOD process. Because gap-fill performance of SOD is best and process parameter is simple. Nevertheless these advantages, SOD processes have some problems. First, material cost is high. Second, density of SOD is too low. Therefore annealing and curing process certainly necessary to get hard density film. On the other hand, film density by Flowable oxide process is higher than film density by SOD process. Therefore, we are focus on Flowable oxide. In this work, dielectric film were deposited by PECVD with TSA(Trisilylamine - N(SiH3)3) and NH3. To get flow-ability, the effect of plasma treatment was investigated as function of O2 plasma power. QMS (quadruple mass spectrometry) and FTIR was used to analysis mechanism. Gap-filling performance and flow ability was confirmed by various patterns.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.158-158
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• 2012

A new kind of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer, poly(tetraphenyl)silole siloxane (PSS), was invented and synthesized for realization of its unique charge trap properties. The organic portions consisting of (tetraphenyl)silole rings are responsible for electron trapping owing to their low-lying LUMO, while the Si-O-Si inorganic linkages of high HOMO-LUMO gap provide the intrachain energy barrier for controlling electron transport. Such an alternation of the organic and inorganic moieties in a polymer may give an interesting quantum well electronic structure in a molecule. The PSS thin film was fabricated by spin-coating of the PSS solution in THF organic solvent onto Si-wafer substrates and curing. The electron trapping of the PSS thin films was confirmed by the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements performed within the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) device structure. And the quantum well electronic structure of the PSS thin film, which was thought to be the origin of the electron trapping, was investigated by a combination of theoretical and experimental methods: density functional theory (DFT) calculations in Gaussian03 package and spectroscopic techniques such as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and photoemission spectroscopy (PES). The electron trapping properties of the PSS thin film of quantum well structure are closely related to intra- and inter-polymer chain electron transports. Among them, the intra-chain electron transport was theoretically studied using the Atomistix Toolkit (ATK) software based on the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method in conjunction with the DFT.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.913-918
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• 1999

전자파 차폐특성 측정방법의 일환으로 매질의 전기전도도로부터 차폐효과를 정성적 수준에서 예측하는 연구를 수행하였다. 사용된 시편은 전도성 금속 (Cu, Ni)이 피복된 망사형 차폐재로 두께는 0.1 mm 정도이고, 전기전도도는 6.4$\times$10~2.4$\times$10(sup)5 mhos/m 범위 값을 가졌다. 물질상수와 시편의 두께로 표시되는 반사손실 및 흡수손실의 이론식을 도출하고 상기 시편에 대해 차폐효과를 계산하였다. 전도성 피복재의 경우 주된 차폐기구는 반사손실임을 밝힐 수 있었으며, 전기전도도가 증가함에 따라 차폐효과는 현저히 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이들 이론치를 임피던스 실측치로부터 계산된 반사손실과 비교한 결과 10 dB 이내의 오차를 보임으로써 제안한 분석방법의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1059-1070
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• 2005

유전 알고리즘에서 개체군은 지역 최적치에 빠질 수 있지만 긴 지속시간이 지난 후에는 여기에서 빠져나을 수 있으며 이러한 현상을 단속평형 (punctuated equilibrium)이라고 한다. 자연계나 컴퓨터 생태계 (computational ecosystems) 에서 관찰되는 단속평형은 확산 방정식 (diffusion equation)으로 잘 설명된다. 본 연구에서는 단순 유전 알고리즘을 이론적으로 분석하여 개체군의 움직임이 확산 방정식으로 표현될 수 있다는 것을 보인다. 또한 적합도 (fitness) 함수를 단위화 (unitation) 함수로 국한하면 이 분석을 더 구체화하여 유전 알고리즘의 주요 변수들이 이 방정식에 나타나도록 할 수 있다. 이 경우 확산 방정식에 대한 이론적 결과를 이용하면 지역 최적치에서 빠져 나오기까지의 지속시간이 개체군의 크기, 1/(돌연변이 확률), 그리고 지역 최적치의 깊이에 대해 지수적으로 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 이론적 결과는 이중안정 지형 (bistable landscapes)에서의 시뮬레이션 결과와 일치한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2001

피부질환에는 보조 치료로 다양한 치료용 샴푸가 빈번하게 적용되고 있으나 이들 샴푸의 피부수분에 미치는 영향은 일반적으로 평가되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 치료용 샴푸의 정확한 처방을 위해서는 피부의 수분을 측정하기 위한 측정법이 필요하다. 본 연구는 여러 종류의 치료용 샴푸의 피부 수분에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위해 Corneometer를 이용하여 피부에 샴푸를 적용후 수분을 측정하였다. 5두의 건강한 개를 대상으로 7가지 샴푸로 Humilac, Sebocalm, Sebolytics, Etiderm, Benzoyl peroxide, HyLyt, Zn-7 Derm를 선정하여 적용하였다. Humilac의 경우 통계학적으로 유의한 피부수분의 증가는 적용 후 17분(p<0.05), 77분(p<0.01)에 나타났으며, Benzoyl peroxide의 경우 적용 후 77분(p<0.05)에 피부의 수분이 유의하게 감소되었다. 다른 샴푸의 경우 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았으나 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 적용 후 77분에 최초 적용 수치에 근접하게 감소하였다. 어떤 샴푸도 피부에 부작용을 유발하지 않았다. Corneometer는 실제 임상에서 피부의 수분을 평가하는데 간단하고 유용한 측정방법을 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.829-835
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• 2014

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by dysregulation of colon mucosal immunity and mucosal epithelial barrier function. Recent studies have reported that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Lactobacillus plantarum K8 reduces excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally pretreated with lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 (low dose or high dose) or live Lb. plantarum K8 prior to the induction of colitis using 4% DSS. Disease progression was monitored by assessment of disease activity index (DAI). Histological changes of colonic tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The colon mRNA expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and toll like receptor-2 (TLR-2) were examined by quantitative real-time-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 suppressed colon shortening, edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of DSS-induced crypts. The groups that received lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 exhibited significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in the colon. Interestingly, colonic expression of toll like receptor-2 mRNA in the high-dose lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 group increased significantly. Our study demonstrates the protective effects of oral lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 administration on DSS-induced colitis via the modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators of the mucosal immune system.