• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.562-568
• /
• 1995

Changes in rice yield and soil chemistry of dry seeded rice in double cropping of rice and barley were investigated at National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station during 5 years (1990-1994). Barley straw added or removed dry seeding had safe rice seedling stand for good rice production. However, the coefficient of variation of seedling stand by year was higher than dry seeding in rice single crop. Rice seedling height was slightly reduced by barley straw incorporation. However, it recovered soon as rice growing progressed. Heading time delayed 4 days in flat seeding method but not in high-ridged seeding method which imply that. this is more safe seeding technology than flat seeding method. Comparing to rice single crop, barley straw added dry seeding increased rice yield by 2∼19%(Average of 5 years: 8%) from second year due to higher panicle and spikelet number. Contents of organic matter was 2.71% in 1990. In 1994, it decreased 2.61% for rice single crop, while increased 3.02% and 3.41% for barley straw removed or added field, respectively. Rice grain quality was not significantly different among cropping patterns.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.421-423
• /
• 2010

New sources of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistant to spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, are needed to provide effective resistance because of the rapid change pathotype patterns of C. sativus in fields. The purposes of our study were to develop a method to screen barley for resistance to spot blotch disease and then use this methodology to screen barley genotypes for resistance to the major virulent pathotype Pt4 in barley populations in Syria. A transparent tape method, in which a conidial suspension of C. sativus was dropped onto transparent tape and placed, treated-side down, on the second leaf surface of barley plants. Disease symptoms of fungus were easily detected on the leaves covered by the transparent tape after 48h of inoculation. The transparent tape method was repeatable and the disease scores obtained were correlated (r = 0.91, P = 0.001) with those obtained by the seedling assay. This method may be beneficial in various plant pathology breeding programs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.322-328
• /
• 2006

A series of methanol extracts from leaf and root parts in spring- and winter-barley plants were assayed to determine their allelopathy and antioxidant activity. The methanol extracts applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) seedlings. Leaf extracts at 25 and 50 g $L^{-1}$ inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch seedlings more than root extracts. No difference in phytotoxic effects of spring- and winter-barley seedlings extracts on root growth of Chinese milkvetch was observed. Methanol extracts dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vitro. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in the methanol extracts from winter-barley seedlings than in those from spring-barley seedlings, and from leaf extracts than from root extracts. The antioxidant potential of the individual fraction from the methanol extracts of spring-barley seedlings was in order of n-butanol>ethyl acetate>water>chloroform>n-hexane fraction. By means of HPLC analysis, spring-barley (200.62 mg $100g^{-1}$) had more amount of total phenol acid than winter-barley (114.08 mg $100g^{-1}$). Especially, ferulic acid was detected in spring-barley extract (183.46 mg $100g^{-1}$) as the greatest amount. These results suggest that early seedlings of barley plants had potent allelopathy and antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant parts and growing condition.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.112-124
• /
• 2019

Barley worldwide is affected seriously by Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) diseases caused by the Fusarium species. The objective of this study was to facilitate the resistance of hulled and hull-less barley at different growth stages to F. culmorum according to direct parameters: disease rating (DR), fresh weight of leaves and roots, kernel weight per spike, kernel number per spike, plump kernels, and indirect parameters - chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF). Plate assay, greenhouse and field tests were performed on 30 spring barley doubled haploid (DH) lines and their parents infected with Fusarium culmorum. Direct parameters proved that hulled genotypes show less symptoms. Most studied chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF) parameters (apart from DIo/CS - amount of energy dissipated from PSII for laboratory test, TRo/CS - amount of excitation energy trapped in PSII reaction centers, ETo/CS - amount of energy used for electron transport and RC/CS - number of active reaction centres in the state of fully reduced PSII reaction center in field experiment) were significantly affected by F. culmorum infection. In all experiments, hulled genotypes had higher values of CF parameters compared to hull-less ones. Significant correlations were detected between direct and indirect parameters and also between various environments. It was revealed that ABS/CS, TRo/CS, and RC/CS have significant positive correlation in greenhouse test and field experiment. Significant correlations suggest the possibility of applying the CF parameters in selection of barley DH lines resistant to F. culmorum infection.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.292-297
• /
• 1988

kW/1,000 kg in conventionally polished barley and 105 kW/1,000kg in cut-polished barley. Whiteness, water uptake ratio and expanded volume of cooked barley were 45.5, 225.7 and 283% in conventionally polished barley and 49.5, 312.7 and 318% in cut-polished barley, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.112-118
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on the desalinization in newly reclaimed tideland. A desalinization experiment with leaching method was carried out using the soil samples collected in Haenam tideland, and the early growth response of winter barley to salt stress during the desalinization was investigated by measuring emergence rate, plant height, leaf area and fresh weight. The soil in Haenam tideland was saline-sodic with 59mS / cm of electrical conductivity and pH 8.0, and the soil texture was silty loam with 16％ clay and 75％ silt. Depth of water for desalinization(DWD) to decrease the electrical conductivity below 4mS /cm was 140mm in 5cm depth soil and 240mm in 20cm depth soil. The value of pH of soil and leaching water increased from 8.0 to 8.3 until the electrical conductivity decreased to about 6mS / cm during the desalinization. .The emergence rate of winter barley was over 75％ in the DWD above 80mm and showed no significant difference with the DWD. The DWD for the normal growth of winter barley seedling was above 120mm at 1 and 2 weeks after sowing(WAS), and above 160mm at 3 and 4 WAS. The leaf area and fresh weight showed no response for salt stress with the DWD above 12mm at 2 WAS, and above 16mm at 3 WAS. It was estimated that the electrical conductivity of soil saturation extract for the normal growth of winter barley during early seedling growth stage in new reclaimed tideland would be below 9mS / cm in 20cm depth soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.98-99
• /
• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.272-273
• /
• 2004

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 1999

This experiment was carried out to estimate the appropriate seedling stand and to find out the factors of good establishment and the reason of the reduction of yield by water foxtail. The seedling stands was improved by the ice straw mulching and treading by the tracks of combine. The effect of mulching was higher than the treading. The appropriate seedling stands for example yield were estimated about 507 plants per $m^2$ and its yield was 24kg/10a. The higher density of water foxtail, the less the grain yield; 21.8% by 17 to 22 water foxtail stands per $m^2$ and 11.0% by 6 to 11 plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.459-463
• /
• 2001

Changes of rice yield and soil physicochemical properties of the dry-seeded rice-barley double cropping system were investigated for 10 years from 1990 to 1999. Generally, seedling stand was more unstable in the rice-barley cropping system regardless of barley straw addition or removal than in the rice single cultivation as indicated by higher standard deviation of seedling stand across year. Rice yield in rice-barley double cropping cultivation was increased due to barley straw application starting from the second year, recording 2 to 19％ increase (average of 9％ for 10 years) due to higher spikelet number. Protein content and Mg/K equivalent ratio were similiar among the barley straw applied field, rice single crop and barley straw removed plots. Also, amylose content was not significantly different among cropping patterns. Physicochemical properties of soil was improved by applying the barley straw; soil porosity was higher and content of organic matter and cation exchange capacity of Ca increased but those of Mg and K did not differ.