• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.387-392
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• 1990

보리 양질 다수성품종 육성을 위하여 단백질 함량의 품종별, 지역별 변이, 품종별 아미노산조성 및 단백질 함량과 농업형질과의 관계를 구명하여 단백질이 양과 질을 개선할 수 있는 기초자료를 얻고자 수행한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보리의 단백질 함량은 겉보리 12.0-15.7%, 쌀보리 9.2-15.4%, 맥주보리 11.4-15.9% 범위의 변이를 보이고, 겉보리 품종이 맥주보리나 쌀보리 품종들 보다 높았다. 2. 보리중 필수아미노산 함량은 쌀보리가 맥주보리, 겉보리에 비해 높았다. 3. 단백질 함량은 재배지역에 따라 큰 변이를 보였는데 3맥종 모두 중부지방에서 생산한 것이 남부지방에서 생산한 것보다 높았다. 4. 단백질 함량과 출수기와의 관계는 겉보리에서는 유의성 있는 부의 상관을 보였으나 쌀보리, 맥주보리에서는 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. 5. 찰보리 및 통보리 001의 숙기 isogenic line을 이용하여 숙기에 따른 단백질 함량의 변이를 조사한 결과 조숙이 만숙보다 단백질 함량이 높은 편이었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.889-894
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• 2009

Barley proteins are expected to have unique functional properties due to their high content of alcohol soluble protein, hordein. Since the barley proteins obtained by conventional isoelectric precipitation method cannot represent hordein fraction, barley proteins were fractionated to albumin, globulin, glutelin, and hordein with respect to extraction solvents. Functional properties and film-forming properties of solubility-fractionated barley proteins were investigated to explore their potential for human food ingredient and industrial usage. The 100 g of total barley protein comprised 5 g albumin, 23 g globulin, 45 g glutelin, and 27 g hordein. Water-binding capacities of barley protein isolates ranged from 140-183 mL water/100 g solid. Hordein showed the highest oil absorption capacity (136 mL oil/100 g), and glutelin showed the highest gelation property among the fractionated proteins. In general, the barley protein fractions formed brittle and weak films as indicated by low tensile strength (TS) and percent elongation at break (E) values. The salt-soluble globulin fraction produced film with the lowest TS value. Although films made from glutelin and hordein were dark-colored and had lower E values, they could be used as excellent barriers against water transmission.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2002

1996년산 한국산 맥주보리의 단백질 함량은 높은 수준으로 조사되었고 지역별, 품종별 단백질 함량의 평균치는 전남산 Doosan 29호 14.1%(d.b), 경남산 Sacheon 6호 13.4%(d.b), 제주산 Doosan 8호 12.8%(d.b)이었으며 전남산 평균치가 14.1%(d.b)인 것은 맥주보리 단백질 함량으로는 매우 높은 수준이었다. 고단백 보리는 저단백 보리에 비하여 분상질이 적고 초자질이 많아 Mealy가 9.0 %인 반면에 Glassy는 54.0%로 높은 수준이었다. 고단백 보리의 곡피함량은 9.9%로 저단백질 보리 7.1% 보다 높았으며 색택 측정치에 있어서 고단백 보리 $51.4^{\circ}L$, 저단백 보리 $55.2^{\circ}L$로 고단백 보리에서 낮게 나타났다. Micromalting을 통하여 고단백질 보리가 발아기간중 맥아품질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 단백질 함량은 발아기간중 큰 변화가 없었다. 단백질이 높으며 맥아 용해도 즉, friability가 낮아져 발아 6일차 평균치를 기준으로 하면 저단백의 friability는 84.2%인 반면에 고단백은 44.5% 정도에 그쳤다. 맥주보리 단백질이 +1%(d.b) 증가함에 따라 -0.86%(d.b)의 맥아 fine grind extract가 손실되는 것으로 나타나 단백질은 경제적인 측면에 직접적인 손실을 주는 것으로 조사되었으며, 발아 6일차 평균치를 기준시 맥아 fine grind exract가 저단백은 80.8%(d.b)이었으나 고단백은 75.3%(d.b)로 낮았다. 발아 6일차 평균치를 기준시 고단백 맥아는 저단백 맥아 보다 ${\beta}-glucan$의 함량이 약 2.1배 높은 것으로 조사되었고, 단백질이 높으면 맥즙 점도와 맥아 색도가 높아지고, Kolbach index는 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 고단백 맥아는 유리 아미노질소가 254.2 ppm이었고 효소역가가 420.6 wk로서, 저단백 맥아에서 각각 187.2 ppm, 267.9 wk인 것 보다 크게 높아, 유리 아미노질소와 diastatic power는 고단백질 맥주 보리의 장점으로 확인되었다. 맥주품질에 큰 영향을 미치는 맥주보리의 단백질 함량은 너무 낮아도 안되지만 특히 높을 경우 여러 측면에서 맥아품질에 부정적인 영향을 주므로 한국산 고단백 보리를 맥주양조용으로 사용할 경우 맥아품질을 개선하기 위한 대책 및 고단백 보리의 근본적인 원인조사와 관리규격을 설정해야 할 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2012

The grain and agronomic characteristics of Korean barley cultivars were investigated with respect to ethanol yield. Test weight, grain yield, and starch yield showed noticeable variation among the cultivars. Grain yields were higher in covered barley and non-waxy barley. Starch yield was higher in non-waxy barley than waxy barley. Protein, ${\beta}$-glucan, and starch content of tested cultivars ranged in 10.0-12.9%, 4.4-7.5% and 49.7-65.3%, respectively. Naked barley cultivar had higher starch content than covered barley cultivar. However, covered barley had high starch yield because it has higher grain yield than naked barley. Covered barley cultivar had higher husk content, ranging 7.6-14.0%, than that of naked barley cultivar, ranging 5.3-8.0%. Starch content was positively correlated with amylose content, test weight, ethanol yield and negatively correlated with protein, husk, ${\beta}$-glucan content. Ethanol yield per ton was positively correlated with starch content, but negatively correlated with husk content. Ethanol yield per hectare was positively correlated with starch yield, grain yield, grain weight and negatively correlated with protein, test weight. From this research, the important characteristics of barley cultivar as a bioethanol producing material were starch content and grain yield. Optimum barley genotype was non-waxy naked barley that had low protein, ${\beta}$-glucan, husk content, and high starch content and grain yield.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1981

보리와 발아보리의 생체내 영양효율을 알기위해 동물실험을 행하였다. 젖뗀 albino rat를 사용하여 단백질원으로 보리 및 발아보리만을 사용한 군, 단백질(5%의 casein)을 첨가해준, 그리고 쌀(쌀:보리=8:2) 및 단백질(5% casein)을 혼합 첨가시킨군으로 나누어 4주간 사육하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 식이 및 열량섭취량, 식이의 효율 및 체중은 보리 및 발아보리에 단백질을 첨가시킨군들에서 높았으며 쌀과 단백질을 첨가시킨군들에서는 현저히 높아 통계적으로 유의성을 보였다. 그러나 보리군들과 발아 보리군들간의 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 2. 단백질의 효율은 단일 곡류군들과 단백질 첨가군들에 비해 쌀과 단백질 혼합첨가군들이 높음을 보여 흔합된 곡류단백질이 체내효율을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 식이 및 단백질의 소화흡수율을 보면, 단일곡류군들에서는 표준군에 비해 보리군 및 발아보리군들이 낮음을 보였다. 그러나 여기에 단백질 또는 쌀과 단백질을 혼합 첨가하였을 경우 보리군들에 비해 발아보리군들의 단백질 소화흡수율이 현저히 증가하였다. 따라서 발아보리의 영양효과는 발아보리와 함께 동물성단백질을 적당히 섭취할 경우 단백질의 소화흡수율을 크게 증가 시키는데 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1034-1043
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• 1999

Rheological properties of dough made from waxy barley(Iri28) flour wheat flour mixtures with additives were investigated for the preparation of waxy barley bread using farinograph, extensograph and amy lograph. The water absorption, development time and dough weakness increased as the waxy barley flour level increased in all blends; however, dough stability decreased. Farinogram properties of 10% waxy barley flour added mixture were similar to those of 100% wheat flour. The addition of A.A(ascorbic acid), gluten, HPMC(hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose) improved rheological properties of dough with 30% waxy barley flour added mixture. In particular, stability and weakness of the dough showed greater dough improving effect by addition of A.A. For the extensograph data, strength, resistance and extensibility of dough decreased with increasing level of waxy barley flour. With the addition of additives, extensogram properties were variable for 30% waxy barley flour mixture. Of these additives, gluten had highest value in strength of dough. Addition of A.A and HPMC to 30% waxy barley flour added mixture resulted in an increase in the resistance and a decrease in the extensibility. Waxy barley flour added mixtures showed little higher gelatinization temperature on amylograph data than control. Maximum viscosity reduced as the waxy barley flour level increased. Also 30% waxy barley flour added mixture containing A.A and HPMC showed a decrease in maximum viscosity. But addition of gluten to 30% waxy barley flour mixture resulted an increase in the maximum viscosity. All of 30% waxy barley flour added mixture with additives had lower gelatinization temperature than those without additives. In the SEM images, starch granules were dispersed in a protein matrix. A non continuous, loose protein starch matrix was observed in all waxy barley flour mixture by SEM. Addition of additives gave the dough a more continuous structure with interactions between the starch granule and protein component.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1977

보리의 품질 및 식미개선을 위한 기초적인 연구로서 단백질함량의 품종간차이와 질소시비량, 재배법 및 차광처리등이 종실의 단백질함량에 미치는 영향을 추구하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단백질 함량은 맥종 및 품종에 따라 큰 차이가 있어 8～18%의 범위에 있고 Pukumugi 및 승맥 1005 등은 가장 높았으며 일반적으로 껍질보리에서 높고 찰보리와 맥주보리는 현저히 낮았다. 2. 품종의 단백질함량은 껍질보리의 경우에 립중과 유의적민 부의 상관이있었고 출수기의 조만과는 상관관계를 인정할 수 없었다. 3. 출수기의 식물체 또는 엽중질소함량은 Haganemu 및 부흥과 모든품종을 망라하였을 때 종실중의 단백질 함량과 유의적상관관계가 인정되었다. 4. 종실중의 단백질 함량은 질소 시용량의 증가에 따라 l～3%정도 증가 하였으며 드릴파 재배의 경우에는 코든 질소수준에서 관행파의 경우보다 약간 낮았다. 5. 등숙기간의 차광처리는 종실내의 단백질 함량을 감소시켰다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.314-318
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• 1998

Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a rapid and sensitive assay method for the detection and identification of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) was adapted. Two units of primers from each virus were selected and used for the determination of two different viruses. PCR fragments of BaYMV (ca. 0.9kb) and BaMMV (ca. 0.8kb) were obtained from the designed method for the assay of BaYMV and BaMMV coat protein. PT-PCR fragments were cloned using vector pT7 Blue and the sequences of the selected clones were analyzed. coat protein of BaYMV and that of BaMMV consisted of 297 amino acids (891 nucleotides) and 251 amino acids (753 nucleotides), respectively. The snalysis of coat protein genes from these two viruses showed that 45.6% of nucleotides sequence ad 34.9% of amino acid in BaYMV were homologous to those in BaMMV.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1973

Some effect on the protein metabolism in growing albino rats by feeding on the rice mixed with wheat or barley have been studied. The species of wheat and barley used in this experiment were either 80% polished or nonpolished wheat, barley and naked barley. The growing rats to be examined were fed on 30% wheat or barley mixed with rice diets for 8 weeks. The total nitrogen, creatinine, amino acid nitrogen and urea-nitrogen contents in the liver and the creatinine and urea-nitrogen contents in the urine have been measured. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The total nitrogen contents in the liver and the serum were no remarkable difference by feeding on each mixed diet, compared with the rice diet group. 2. The creatinine contents in the liver of the unpolished wheat and barley mixed diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diets. 3. The amino acid nitrogen contents in the liver of the polished naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the other mixed diets than the rice diet. 4. The urea-nitrogen contents in the serum of the polished wheat and naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the rice diet group, but these were significantly lower by feeding on the polished barley mixed with rice diets than the others. 5. The creatinine and the urea-nitrogen contents in the urine of the original wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups. In the view of the above results, it could be seen that the protein metabolism was remarkable change according to polish of the wheat and barley.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.934-944
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• 2007

Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 is known to be able to suppress plant diseases by producing antimicrobial compounds and to promote plant growth by producing phytohormones, and secreting diverse degrading enzymes. In spite of these capabilities, little is known regarding the flow of information from the bacterial strain to the barley roots. In an attempt to determine the flow of information from the bacterial strain to barley roots, the strain was grown in the presence and absence of barley, and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used. 2D-PAGE detected approximately 1,000 spots in the cell and 1,100 spots in the supernatant at a pH 4-10 gradient. Interestingly, about 80 spots from each sample showed quantitative variations. Fifty-three spots from these were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 28 proteins were identified. Most of the cytosolic proteins expressed at higher levels were found in P. polymyxa E681 cells grown in the presence of barley rather than in the absence of barley. Proteins detected at a lower level in the surpernatant of P. polymyxa E68l cells grown in the presence of barley were lipoprotein, glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, heat-shock protein HtpG, spermidine synthase, OrfZ, ribonuclease PH, and coenzyme PQQ synthesis protein, and flagellar hook-associated protein 2 whereas proteins detected at a higher level in the surpernatant of P. polymyxa E681 cells grown in the presence of barley included D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase A, isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase, ABC transporter ATP-binding protein Uup, lipase. Many of the proteins belonging to plant-induced stimulons are associated with biosynthetic metabolism and metabolites of proteins and transport. Some of these proteins would be expected to be induced by environmental changes resulting from the accumulation of plant-secreted substances.