• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.787-801
• /
• 2001

The molecular mechanisms control the function of PDL(periodonta1 ligament) cells and/or fibroblasts remain unclear. PDLsl7, PDL-specific gene, had previousely　identified the cDNA for a novel protein from cultured　PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between gingival fibroblasts and　PDL fibroblasts. The purpose　of this study was to determine the regulation by growth factors and cytokines on　PDLsl7 gene expression in　cultured human periodontal ligament cells and observe the immunohistochemical　localization of PDLsl7 protein in various tissues of mouse. Primary PDL fibroblasts isolated by scraping the root of the extracted human mandibular third molars. The cells were incubated with various concentration of human recombinant $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and TGF\;${\beta}$ for 48h nd 2 weeks. At each time point total RNA was extracted and the levels of transcription ere assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR assay). polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLsl7 peptides, CLSVSYNRSYQINE and SEAVHETDLHDGC, were made, and stained the tooth, periodontium, developing bone, bone marrow and mid-palatal suture of the mouse. The results were as follows. 1. PDLsl7 mRNA levels were increased in response to PDGF (10ng/ml) and $TGF\;{\beta}$(20ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF{\beta}$for 48 h. 2. PDLsl7 was up-regulated only by $TGF{\beta}$(20 ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF\;{\beta}$ for 2 weeks and unchanged by the other stimulants. 3. PDLsl7 was a novel protein coding the 142 amino acid peptides in the ORF and the nucleotide sequences of the obtained cDNA from RT-PCR was exactly same as the nucleotides of the database. 4. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PDLsl7 is preferentially expressed in the PDL, differentiating osteoblast-like cells and stromal cells of the bone marrow in the adult mouse. 5. The expression of PDLsl7 protein was barely detectable in gingival fibroblasts, hematopoetic cells of the bone marrow and mature osteocytes of the alveolar bone. These results suggest that PDLsl7 might upregulated by PDGF-BB or $TGF{\beta}$ and acts at the initial stage of differentiation when the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL differentiate into multiple cell types. However, more research needs to be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLsl7 during the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal and PDL cells.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2011

Early eruption refers to an accelerated eruption of a tooth beyond the normal eruption period. The clinical findings of an early erupted tooth with little formation of crown and/or root include severe mobility, pain on chewing, hypocalcification of the enamel, and inclination, displacement, and rotation of the tooth. The radiographic findings include underdeveloped root and insufficient bone support. Early eruption of a permanent tooth can cause several complications such as chronic trauma, pain, edema, an increased rate of premolar impaction and tooth displacement and/or rotation. Therefore, when a permanent tooth erupts earlier than its normal eruption period with accompanying symptoms, appropriate treatments should be done as soon as possible. A female patient of age 7 without any systemic disease was referred from a local dental clinic with chief complaint of severe mobilities and pain in both upper first premolars. According to the clinical and radiographic examinations, the permanent teeth erupted earlier with barely formed roots, severe mobilities, edema, and pain. This case is to report the successful accomplishment of root formations and stabilization of teeth after applying intraoral fixed appliances using bands and spurs for 14 months.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2010

The global financial crisis has exerted enormous impacts on the attainment of inflation target in Korea. The annual average CPI inflation was 3.3% during the targeting period of 2007-2009 and the target was $3.0{\pm}0.5%$. Thus Korea has succeeded in keeping annual average CPI inflation just below the upper limit of the 2007-2009 target under the global crisis. This paper intends to evaluate the performance of the inflation targeting system in Korea. First, it estimates the conventional call rate reaction equation under the global crisis and finds that the policy interest rates never reacted to expected inflation, output gap, and won/dollar exchange rate, as expected by theory. Second, it identifies the shock of global financial crisis into core and non-core, applying the structural VAR model. The core shock was defined to have no (medium- to) long-run impact on real output. The core shock was identified to have the character of the demand shock, since it has the positive impact on the inflation and output in the short run. The structural core inflation due to core shock was an attractor of headline inflation, not vice versa. Therefore, the structural core inflation that reflects the demand-side shock would be the better intermediate target for the final headline inflation target than the official core inflation that excludes the volatile inflation of agricultural and oil-related products. During the inflation targeting period of 2007-2009, the structural core inflation was more volatile than the official core inflation, because the global crisis has very large negative impacts on the domestic demand as well as the prices of agricultural and oil-related products. This paper shows that the negative core shock during the fourth quarter of 2008 was larger than that in the financial crisis in 1998. But the core shock turned into positive very quickly in 2009, as the Korean economy recovered very quickly from crisis. The volatile changes in structural core inflation suggests that the Bank of Korea barely managed to attain the 2007-2009 inflation target, owing to the very large negative impacts of the global financial crisis on the domestic demand. It also suggests that the rapid rise in core inflation with the rapid recovery of the Korean economy will lead to rapid rise in headline inflation.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of elevated water temperature (WT) on biochemical and immunological factors in the hemolymph of the abalones, Haliotis discus hannai and H. discus discus. The abalone were exposed to various WT; 20, 22, 24, 26 and $28^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. In the control and $20^{\circ}C$, total-protein (TP), glucose and calcium (Ca) in hemolymph of H. discus discus were higher than the values in H. discus hannai. The values of magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lysozyme in H. discus hannai were similar to the H. discus discus in the control. There were no significant alterations in TP, glucose and Mg levels of hemolymph in H. discus hannai and H. discus discus by WT increases. The values of Ca, ALP and lysozyme were increased in H. discus hannai exposed to the high temperature (26 and $28^{\circ}C$) compared to control, while the values in H. discus discus were not significant difference between the WT groups. The phenoloxidase (PO) activity was increased in hemolymph of H. discus hannai exposed to high temperature (${\geq}24^{\circ}C$) compared to the control (P < 0.05). These physiological and immunological parameters were significantly changed in H. discus hannai. However, these parameters in H. discus discus were barely altered at the high WT (P < 0.05). These results suggested that H. discus hannai is considered to be more sensitive than H. discus discus at the high WT.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 2001

Eliminating the infecting bacteria of the root canal system and preventing reinfection must be the main objectives of all endodontic works. None of commercially available root canal sealers have the properties of desirable tissue compatibility and strong antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to develope an ideal root canal sealer using commercially available polyphosphate (polyP), Calgon, which is known to be antibacterial and safe. For the study. resin type AH26, zinc oxide eugenol type Tubli Seal. Ca(OH)$_2$ type Apexit as base sealers for polyP (0~3%) and para formaldehyde containing N2 as a control base were selected. Specimens (3$\times$4mm) of the sealers were prepared in a 37$^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 and 10 days and their antibacterial activity against streptococci and black pigmented anaerobic rods was observed using an agar diffusion method. The result were as follows: 1. Among 3 day old root canal sealers. N2 as a positive control showed the strongest antibacterial effect. followed by AH26. Tubli Seal and. Apexit which barely showed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. In contrast. 10 day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity than 10 day old N2. 2. All sealer specimens showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than streptococci. Three day old ones appeared to be more antibacterial than 10 day old ones except for Apexit. 3. As compared to N2, 3 day old AH26 demonstrated a similar antibacterial activity against black pig mented anaerobic rods but to a lesser extent to streptococci. Ten day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than 10 day old N2. 4. As compared to AH26. Tubli Seal generally revealed a lower antibacterial activity but it showed a greater antibacterial activity aginst S. gordonii Challis. 5. Enhancement of antibacterial activity by polyP was more clearly observed when it was added to Ca(OH)$^{\circ}C$ based root canal sealers. Tubli Seal and N2. 6. The addition of polyP enhanced the antibacterial activity of 3 day old AH26 against S. gordonii G9B (16%) and Challis (29%), and P. gingivalis 2561 (24%) only. Moreover, polyP failed to increase antibacterial activity of 10 day old AH26 against the test strains but P. gingivalis A7A1 28(13%). 7. The addition of polyP increased the antibacterial effect of 3 day old Tubli Seal on several test bacteria including s. mutans GS 5 (50%). s. gordonii G9B (47%) and Challis (122%). and all the test strains of P. gingivalis (13~35%) except for 9 14K 1. The addition of polyP to 10 day old Tubli Seal increased antibacterial activity of the root canal sealer against most test strains. 8. 3 day old Apexit failed to show antibacterial activity. if any very little against S. mutans GS 5 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 49046. However. polyP increased its antibacterial activity by 50 and 69%, respectively. Increase of antibacterial activity of 10 day old Apexit by polyP was more clearly observed than that of 3 day old one.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.414-422
• /
• 1992

To keep up with urgent need of continuous, effective and rapid drying unit, a fluidized bed drying system with computer controlling air temperature, velocity and relative humidity was designed. This study was attempted to determine physical properties and some basic experiments of fluidized bed d교ing of barley. Also experimental data of the designed fluidized bed drying system using the barely were compared with those of published equations to confirm the reliability of the system and the following results were obtained. The physical dimension husked barley were shown larger than that of naked barley from the experiment. When air temperature. relative humidity and charged amount were $35^{\circ}C$, 30% and 300g respectively, the minimum fluidization velocity of naked and husked barley were found 1.5 m/s and 1.7 m/s. And the optimum fluidization velocity was shown as 3.0 m/s from the experiment. The empirical equation of $U_{mf}$ in this fluidized system was obtained as follow; $U_{mf}^2= \frac{{\phi_s}\;d_p}{Hk}\;{\cdot}\;\frac{(\rho_s-\rho_g)g\;{{\varepsilon}_{mf}^3}} {\rho_g}(Re_p>1,000)$ Where HK=0.4881 for naked barley, 0.6649 for husked barley.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of food waste with probiotic supplemented diets on growth performance and body composition in broiler chicks. One hundred ninety six (Ross 1 day old) broiler chicks were randomly allotted to seven treatments and raised in barely cages. As the results of the experiment the body weight gain was increased significantly in groups fed control+antibiotics supplemented diets (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference in weight gain of the chicks fed diets containing food waste with probiotic and antibiotic supplementations (P>0.05). The feed intake was increased significantly in group fed a diet containing food waste 1.5% with 0.5% probiotic supplementation but it was no significantly different for rest experimental groups (P>0.05). The feed efficiency was reduced significantly in broilers fed food waste with probiotic diets compared to groups fed control and antibiotic supplemented diets (P>0.05). The large intestine weight was increased significantly in broilers fed antibiotic supplemented diet compared to control (P<0.05). The abdominal fat was increased in groups fed diet containing food waste supplementation (P<0.05). The rest of vital organs weights was not affected by additon of food waste and probiotic supplementation in broiler diet (P>0.05).

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2013

Exposure assessment for three major active ingredients used for humidifier disinfectants, polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride (PGH), and 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one/2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT) mixture, was conducted in a bedroom using an air sampler for a refined risk assessment. The experimental site was selected to reflect consumer exposure conditions. Aerosols formed by a humidifier were sampled during 8 hr at 7.5 L/min. Absorbed PHMG and PGH by the sampler were quantified using a spectrophotometric method, and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection was used for CMIT/MIT. Three exposure scenarios were assumed for adding humidifier disinfectants to the humidifier water at 1, 2, and 10 times the volume recommended by the product suppliers, and the humidifier was on at its maximum rate of producing aerosols in order to consider reasonable worst-cases. The sampled mass of PHMG and PGH ranged 200 to $2,800{\mu}g$ and 140 to $1,900{\mu}g$, respectively, under different exposure conditions, whereas the absorbed mass of CMIT/MIT was barely detected at the detection limit of 0.11/0.29 mg/L, only at 10 times the recommended level. The resulting risk quotients for PHMG and PGH ranged 1,400 to 20,000 and 1,000 to 13,000, indicating that health risks could be significant. For CMIT/MIT mixture, risk quotients were much smaller than estimated by assuming that they are conservative in the indoor environment, probably due to oxidative reactions. The refined exposure assessment presented here may provide a useful tool for assessing risks posed by active ingredients in spray-type biocidal products.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.60-64
• /
• 2002

Background: Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been one of the mainstay in breast cancer treatment. The effects of high dose 5-FU on cell cycle regulation were studied in breast caner cells. Methods: A breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used. Protein expressions of G1/S cyclins, $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$, cdk2, E2F1 and retinoblastoma were tested by western blot analysis. Immunoprecipitation and immune complex kinase assay were done for the assessment of E2F1/RB interacton and the activity of cdk2 respectively. Results: $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$ expression was barely detectable in control cells. With addition of 5-FU level of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$ were induced and cyclin D3 level was decreased as cell growth decreases. In accordance with increased expression of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$, cyclin E-associated cdk2 kinase activity was reduced. Retinoblastoma protein (RB) became dephosphorylated and E2F-1 binding activity with RB was increased. Conclusion: In this situation of high concentration of 5-FU breast cancer cells tend to be G1/S cell cycle arrested. Overexpression of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$ and dephosphorylation of RB may mediate the effectss of 5-FU by inhibiting E2F-1 activity, which contributes to G1/S cell cycle arrest. These results could be an indicating landmark for further study of high dose chemotherapy with 5-FU.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 2015

This paper studies impact performance of wire-mesh and steel fiber-reinforced concrete based on high-velocity impact experiments using hard spherical balls. In this experimental study, panel specimens were tested with various parameters such as steel fiber volume fraction, presence/absence of wire mesh, panel thickness, impact velocity, and aggregate size for the comparison of impact resistance performance for each specimen. While improvement of the impact resistance for reducing the penetration depth is barely affected with steel fiber volume fraction, the impact resistance to scabbing and perforation is improved substantially. This was due to the fact that the steel fiber had bridging effects in concrete matrix. The wire mesh helped minimizing the crater diameter of front and back face and enhanced the impact resistance to scabbing and perforation; however, the wire mesh did not affect the penetration depth. The wire mesh also reduced the bending deformation of the specimen with wire mesh, though some specimens had splitting bond failure on the rear face. Additionally, use of 20 mm aggregates is superior to 8 mm aggregates in terms of penetration depth, but for reducing the crater diameter on front and back faces, the use of 8 mm aggregates would be more efficient.