• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.451-458
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• 2021

The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of bad credit and liquidity on bank performance with the mediation of capital adequacy. Data were provided by banking institutions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from the period of 2011-2019. The analysis technique was PLS-SEM supported by an application named WarpPLS 6.0. The results of the research show that the effect of bad credit and liquidity on bank performance is not significant. A high level of bad credit is associated with a low level of bank performance. Bank earnings decline along with low profitability. This relationship is not significant because banks can still cover some proportions of bad credit through capital availability. Capital adequacy as an intervening variable has mediated partially the effect of bad credit and liquidity on bank performance. Besides, capital adequacy has a strong effect on credit distribution. Agency theory says that the owner of the fund (the savers of saving account, current account, deposit account) is called principal while the bank as the trusted institution to manage the fund is called an agent. If customers fulfill their duty, then bad credit never happens.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-53
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• 2010

In connection with a non-cash payment through the banking system, "finality of payment" has acquired diverse meanings. In according to Section 4A-209(2), the acceptance by the beneficiary's bank by means of receiving payment "pursuant to section 4A-403(a)(1) or 4A-403(a)(2)," constitutes final settlement through a Federal Reserve Bank or through a funds-transfer system" or credit to the account of the beneficiary's bank. Above of all, Acceptance by beneficiary's bank is the most important. According to 4A-209(b), the beneficiary's bank can accept a payment order in one of four ways : First, by paying the beneficiary; obligating itself to pay the beneficiary or, Second, by notifying the beneficiary of receipt of the order or notifying the beneficiary that its account was credited or, Thirdly, by receiving full payment from the sender's order or Lastly, by passage of time, i.e., the opening of the next funds transfer business day of the bank following the payment date of the order. A beneficiary's bank is considered to have accepted a payment order when the earliest of the four means of acceptance occurs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.359-368
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• 2014

Process synchronization is one of the most difficult subject for students learning the Operating System courses. It is due to the fact that concurrent process environment, where many events occur at the same time, is difficult to understand for ordinary human who thinks only one thing at a time. Classical synchronization examples like the Bounded buffer problem or the Dining philosopher problem fail to hook attention and interest from lower grade students who just begin to study the Operating System courses in college because these examples are either too technical or too unrealistic. In this paper we propose another synchronization example named the Bank account problem as an alternative to the classical ones. Bank account problem is proved to succeed getting high interest and understanding from the student as it is easy and realistic, and almost every student has the experience using bank account in real life. Various synchronization subjects including controlling the execution sequence of each process, incorrect result due to the race conditions, use of semaphores, deadlock, and monitor are considered to apply them to the Bank account problem.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.543-546
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• 2004

Web Services are rapidity becoming the enabling technology of today's e-business and e-commerce systems, and will soon transform the Web into distributed applications. The aim of this paper is to present our approach in applying Web Services into the Internet transaction banking system. The system is integrated among backend system of banks so that each bank system can communicate with each other in order to perform transactions in transferring money from an account in one bank to an account in the partner bank and vise versa. The backend systems of banks are heterogeneous information systems; therefore it is difficult to build a common environment using existing distributed technologies. Web Services provide a means for different organizations to connect their applications with one another to conduct business across a network in a platform and language independent manner [1]. The paper will examine these benefits of Web Services and apply these features into the Internet banking transaction system regardless of platform, programming languages as well as existing backend system of banks.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-140
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• 2007

This paper wants to suggest some issues on the acceptance of payment order in Electronic Funds Transfer of USA. The result can be summarized as fellows; First, originator's bank accepts a payment order when it executes the order. Secondly, beneficiary's bank accepts a payment order at the earliest of the following times: (1) when the bank pays the beneficiary as stated in Section 4A-405(a) or 4A-405(b), (2) when the bank notifies the beneficiary of receipt of the order or that the account of the beneficiary has been credited with respect to the order unless the notice indicates that the bank is rejecting the order or that funds with respect to the order may not be withdrawn or used until receipt of payment from of the order. (3) when the bank receives payment of the entire amount of the sender's order pursuant to Section 4A-403(a)(1) or 4A-403(a)(2). Lastly, the acceptance of a payment order cannot occur before the order is received by the receiving bank.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.205-212
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• 2020

This study seeks to examine the main factors, external and internal to the bank, that enhance bank lending. Bank lending is one of the connecting bridges in sustaining society. Internal factors consist of ROA, DPK, and CAR. External factors are economic growth and interest rate of Bank Indonesia. The population of this research consists of traditional commercial banks listed on the IDX over the 2014-2017 period. Samples were chosen by purposive sampling method. This study uses secondary data with 56 samples; data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The findings of the study show that internal factors have a greater impact on increasing bank lending than external factors. The main variable among internal factors that influences increase in bank lending is ROA. DPK is the internal factor with the smallest impact on increasing bank lending. The implication of the study is that determining the bank lending should take more account of CAR, DPK, ROA, BI interest rates, and economic growth in making decisions about the amount of lending. These variables can only have a slight effect on increasing lending, though. Besides, internal factors such as NPL, LDR or non-economic factors also need to be considered in channeling bank credit.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The purposes of this research are to develop a measurement of Islamic religiosity and applying these measurements to examine the relationship between religiosity and selection of the Islamic bank. Literature searches and in -depth interviews are used to obtain the statement item to build measurement. Furthermore, result of the religiosity measurement will be used to study the relationship between religiosity and the selection of the Islamic bank. Population of the study is Muslim who has bank(s) account. A total 375 questionnaires were distributed to the three groups of bank customers (125 respondents in each group). This res earch has successfully developed a measurement of religiosity, which is called Islamic Religiosity Scale (IRS). On the one hand, the study indicate that religiosity plays a significant role on the decision of customers to choose Islamic banks, because the degree of religiosity of Islamic bank customers is higher than conventional bank customers. Nevertheless, on other hand, this study also revealed that religiosity is not the only factor that influences customers to selecting the Islamic banks, because the degree of religiosity of Islamic bank customers do not differ significantly with customers who hold accounts in both bank.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

Purpose - The purposes of this research are to develop a measurement of Islamic religiosity and apply these measurements to examine the relationship between religiosity and selection of the Islamic bank. Research design, data, and methodology - Literature searches and in-depth interviews are used to obtain the statement items to build measurement. Furthermore, the result of religiosity measurement will be used to study the relationship between religiosity and the selection of the Islamic bank. Population of the study is Muslim who has bank(s) account. A total 375 questionnaires were distributed to the three groups of bank customers (125 respondents in each group). Result -This research has successfully developed a measurement of religiosity, which is called Islamic Religiosity Scale (IRS). Based on IRS, this study found that religiosity has a significant relationship to the selection of Islamic banks. Conclusions - The study indicates that religiosity plays a significant role on the decision of customers to choose Islamic banks. Nevertheless, this study also revealed that religiosity is not the only factor that influences customers to selecting the Islamic banks.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.409-434
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• 2011

SWIFT has designed Trade Services Utility(TSU) to meet the new paradigm of electronic trade. The Trade Services Utility is a matching and workflow application that sits on the SWIFT network. The TSU is designed to help banks offer advanced supply chain services to their corporate customers who are involved in open account trading. Nowadays, the Bank payment obligation(BPO) can optionally be included in a baseline by mutual consent. The BPO is an irrevocable and conditional obligation of an obligor bank(buyers bank) to pay a specified amount to seller's bank according to an established baseline of a single TSU transaction. Therefore, SWIFT enables its customers to automate and standardise financial transactions, thereby lowering costs, reducing operational risk and eliminating inefficiencies from their operations. Whereas, Banks can use the core functionality of the Trade Services Utility to offer competitive services that complement existing services. But SWIFT need to come up with the measures of activating the TSU BPO. So, this paper is to introduce TSU BPO and check the measures for the activation of the TSU BPO under the electronic trade environment.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-139
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• 2012

In the case of Banque Paribas V. Banco Santander in England for the reimbursement request of deferred payment credit by the nominated bank, the L/C-issuing bank refused to pay the proceeds at maturity because of a fraudulent transaction. The reason of refusal was that the nominated bank, Banco Santander, had no right of payment in deferred credit before its maturity if it made payment of proceeds without notice to the issuing bank, that is, payment not based upon a credit transaction but on its own account. However, in the case of ADIB V. Fortis Bank in America, the New York court made the decision that the deferred payment bank could not refuse to reimburse to the nominated bank, Fortis Bank, because of fraud. Its decision was based on the UCP600. We have analyzed and investigated the above two cases-one was an English court's decision and the other an American's. The English court's decision was made under UCP500, but the American court's was made under UCP600, which was revised in 2007. As a result, we can expect that from now on in deferred payment credit transactions, the power of the nominated bank will be greater than before, but the issuing bank will bear the risk of the beneficiary's fraud, so the issuing bank will be hesitant to issue deferred payment credit. Notwithstanding, we thought that the New York court decision would come into effect in the activation of deferred payment credit in practical trade transactions.