• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.440-445
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• 2013

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in Korea. More frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. Root crowns were usually discolored into brown to blackish brown at first and the infected plants showed slight wilting symptom at early infection stage. Severely infected roots were entirely rotted and whole plants eventually died at late infection stage. The overall disease severities of root rot of balloon flower were quite variable according to the surveyed fields in Jeonnam, Gyeongnam and Jeju Provinces, which ranged from 0.1% to 40%. The root rot occurred more severely at the paddy or clay soils than the sandy soils and their severities were much higher at lowland than upland in the same localty. The disease increased with aging of the balloon flower. The causal fungi were identified as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum on the basis of their mycological characteristics. The optimum temperature ranges of their mycelial growths was found to be $24^{\circ}C$. The pathogenic characters of F. solani and F. oxysporum treated by artificial wounding inoculation on healthy roots of balloon flower revealed that F. solani was more virulent than F. oxysporum. This study identified the causal agents of root rot of balloon flower as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, probably for the first time.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1059-1063
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• 2017

혈관신생과정은 종양 형성과 이동에 필수적인 과정으로 촉진제와 저해제에 의하여 조절되며, 이러한 혈관신생과정의 저해는 새로운 항암치료 기법으로 이용하고 있다. 최근, 한약재와 식료품으로부터 추출한 천연물을 새로운 치료 물질로 널리 이용하고 있으며, 실제 in vitro 뿐만 아니라 in vivo 상에서도 항암 효과가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 그 중 도라지는 아시아에서 한약재와 식료품으로 오랫동안 사용 되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 도라지 추출물이 in vitro 상에서 인간 제대 정맥 내피 세포의 혈관신생을 억제하는 효과에 대해 조사하였다. 도라지 추출물은 세포독성 없이, 혈관 형성 및 이동, 침윤 현상을 모두 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 특히, 세포 이동은 80% 정도 감소 시켰으며 침윤 현상이 거의 나타나지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 도라지 추출물은 혈관신생 억제제로 이용할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 항암제로 개발될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the hypotensive properties of the extract of Chinese balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum)'s root. In the studies for calcium channel-blocking using Xenopus oocytes, the ethanol-extract ($26.2{\pm}5.2%$) showed higher activity than water-extract. Twenty female rats were fed 25, 35, and 45 mg/kg BW/day of the ethanol-extract for 14 days to observe the changes in blood pressures and heart pulses. Ethanol-extract decreased the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures of the rats. Especially, the rats fed with 45 mg/kg BW/day of the ethanol-extract showed significant decreases in the blood pressures. These results suggested that a decrease in blood pressures was due to the extension of a blood vessel with calcium channel-blocking by ethanol-extract of Chinese balloon flower. Forty %-ethanol showed the highest efficiency for ethanol-extraction of Chinese balloon flower.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2012

Stem rots caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum have been known as devastating diseases in balloon flower plants. Antifungal activities of four fungicides, azoxystrobin, polyoxin B, trifloxystrobin and validamycin A were evaluated in vitro, showing effective suppression with mycelial growth of the fungal isolates on PDA media. Efficacies of the four fungicides were also demonstrated in stem tissues of balloon flower plants against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum. A commercially available Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 was tested in terms of antagonistic biological control of stem rot disease of balloon flower plants. The bacterial strain revealed its antifungal activities against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum demonstrated by dual culture tests using paper discs and two plant pathogenic fungi on PDA media, as well as by plant inoculation assay, indicating that this antagonistic bacterial strain can be incorporated into disease management program for balloon flower stem rot diseases together with the four chemical fungicides.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1989

Deoxyschizandrin, gomisin N, schizandrin, wuweizisu C, gomisin A and angeloylgomisin H were isolated from fruits of Schisandra chinensis BAILLON, and the lignan contents in shred and smoke of 'Balloon-Flower' cigarettes were quantitatively analyzed by capillary-GC(FID). The GC column was SPB-1 fused silica capillay (0.25mm id$\times$30m, Supelco) and the column oven temperature was programmed from 20$0^{\circ}C$ to 30$0^{\circ}C$ at the rate of 4$^{\circ}C$/min. In the shred of 'Balloon-Flower' cigarettes deoxyschizandrin. gomisin N, schizandrin, gomisin A and angeloylgomisin H were detected and schizandrein contets were the highest among them, 22.77$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig., gomisin N, schizandrin and gomisin A were 0.023, 0.054, 0.0849 and 0.167$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. respectively, and angeloylgomisin H was not detected.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2014

본 연구는 백도라지의 재배 단지화에 필요한 순수 장백도라지의 육묘를 농가에 보급화하기 위한 기초연구로서 장백도라지의 기내 재분화 조건을 확립하고 순화와 이식에 적합한 상토 조건을 구명하고자 하였다. 캘러스 및 신초의 재분화에는 0.5 mg/L NAA와 1.0 mg/L BA를 포함하는 배지에서 가장 효율적이어서 600% 이상의 재분화효율을 보였다. 뿌리의 유기에는 NAA가 IBA보다 효과적이어서 0.5 mg/L NAA를 포함하는 배지에서 평균 16.9일째 발근이 시작되었으며, 75% 이상의 발근율을 보였다. 기내에서 재분화된 식물체의 순화와 이식을 위하여 시중에서 구입한 5종의 상토를 사용하여 조사한 결과 상토 A(토실)이 가장 효과적이어서 8주째의 초장이 12.8 cm로 다른 상토에 비하여 2배 이상 자랐으며, 엽수는 27개, 엽장은 약 4.5 cm로 다른 상토에 비하여 각각 3.5배와 1.5배 이상 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 조직배양으로 대량증식 시킨 백도라지의 육묘를 농가에 보급함으로서 백도라지의 재배단지에 청도라지의 출현을 방지할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1990

Induction and culture of hairy roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 were carried out in Platycodon grandiflorum DC. After 2-4 weeks of inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy roots were formed at root segments in the balloon flower. Optimized growth of hairy roots was obtained in hormone-free MS medium, 6% sucrose and pH 5.8. The pattern of ginsenoside in the transformed roots was not different with that in the ordinary roots.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.648-655
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 도라지의 품종 구분 및 유전적 다양성 분석에 활용될 수 있는 분자표지 개발을 위하여 RAPD 마커를 활용하여 분석하였으며, 동시에 actin유전자 염기서열에서 유래한 분자표지를 제작하였다. 총 30개의 RAPD 분자표지를 활용한 분석을 진행하였으나, 재현성과 안정성이 확보된 DNA 상의 다형성은 확보할 수 없었다. 이에, 도라지 actin (Pg-actin) 유전자에 존재하는 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)을 이용하여 품종 간 구분에 활용 가능한 분자마커로의 전환을 탐색하였다. 도라지 genomic DNA에 actin 유래 유전자를 사용하여 2개의 actin homologs를 확보하였으며, 이를 염기서열 분석하여 3.4 kb의 Pg-actin fragment와 Pg-actin과 28.6%의 유사도를 가진 1.4 kb의 actin homologue를 획득하였다. 획득된 Pg-actin은 4개의 exon과 3개의 intron으로 구성된 유전자로, DNA 다형성 탐색을 통해 intron 3의 286 bp 위치에서 SNP (G ↔ A)를 발견하였으며, 이를 활용도 높은 CAPS marker로 전환하여 PgActin-Int3 마커를 개발하였다. Pg-Actin-Int3 마커를 32개의 도라지 유전자원에 적용시켜 본 결과 품종 간의 차이를 보이는 부분이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확보된 도라지 DNA 염기서열정보는 도라지의 유전적 다양성 분석 및 도라지 분자육종에 활용될 수 있을 것이라 전망된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify transition characteristics of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) and to calculate bio-concentration factors (BCF) in the three perennial root medicinal plants, namely Codonopsis lanceolata (Deoduck), Platycodon grandiflorum (Balloon flower) and Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) grown in major medicinal plant producing districts in Korea. Average BCF values ranged from 0.009~0.029 in As, 0.334~1.453 in Cd, and 0.021~0.023 in Pb in three perennial root medicinal plants. The BCF values increased in the order of ginseng (0.029) > deodeok (0.012) > balloon flower (0.009) for As, balloon flower (1.453) > deodeok (0.685) > ginseng (0.334) for Cd, and ginseng (0.023) > deodeok (0.022) > balloon flower (0.021) for Pb. The BCF values calculated in this study will be useful for predicting the uptake of heavy metal (loid)s. Further study on uptake and accumulation mechanism of toxic metal (loid)s by agricultural products is required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2020

In this study, to develop balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) leaves, which are not used as tea, a method of making green tea was referred to, and several physiological activities were analyzed using the balloon flower leaf tea with different times of roasting and rubbing. The highest total polyphenol and tannin contents were 33.02 mg GAE/g and 5.03 mg/g at two times of roasting and one time of rubbing, respectively. In the case of the total flavonoids, the RO3 + RU2, subjected to three times of roasting and two times of rubbing, showed the highest value, whereas there was no significant difference between the control and the other samples. Except for the green tea as a control, the RO2 + RU1 samples reported the highest antioxidant activity whereas it decreased with increasing number of times of roasting and rubbing. The color, lightness, and yellowness tended to decrease slightly as the number of increasing roasting and rubbing among the samples with no significant difference. All of these things together, to develop tea using the balloon flower leaves would be suitable with two times of roasting and one time of rubbing.