• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2000

The production technology of high strength and toughness wear resistance steel involves attempt to application of severe wear parts for the construction machinery. A well balanced alloy content ensures that optimum tensile properties are achieved for the high strength. After high temperature deformation like as rolling or forging it has bainite microstructure and lower yield rato(under 80%) The effectiveness of the research approach is illustrated with experimental results on good steel cleanliness(O2 :12.2 ppm, 0,004% S, 0.008%, P nonmetalic inclusion dT: 0.10) and excellent mechanical properties (TS$\geq$140kgf/mm2 El $\geq$10% IV$\geq$20j/cm2) Therefore this should be wear resistance steel which develops high strength and high toughness without heat treatment

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.531-546
• /
• 1999

The paper presents an experimental and theoretical study on the influence of steel fibers and longitudinal tension and compression reinforcements on immediate and long-term deflections of high-strength concrete beams of 85 MPa (12,300 psi) compressive, strength. Test results of eighteen beams subjected to sustained load for 180 days show that the deflection behavior depends on the longitudinal tension and compression reinforcement ratios and fiber content; excessive amount of compression reinforcement and fibers may have an unfavorable effect on the long-term deflections. The beams having the ACI Code's minimum longitudinal tension reinforcement showed much higher time-dependent deflection to immediate deflection ratio, when compared with that of the beams having about 50 percent of the balanced tension reinforcement. The results of theoretical analysis of tested beams and those of a parametric study show that the influence of steel fibers in increasing the moment of inertia of cracked transformed sections is most pronounced in beams having small amount of longitudinal tension reinforcement.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 1990

This paper presents an equation for balanced-steel ratio in longitudinal and transverse direction throughout analysis based on a space truss model introducing the concept of concrete softening effect. This paper also presents as equation for postcracking torisonal stiffness throughout analysis considering the equilibrium conditions and compatibility conditions based on shear panel. Correlation between predicted postcracking torsional stiffness, and experimental results was good, not only for beams tested in this paper but also for others in the literature.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 FRP Rebar로 보강된 철근콘크리트 보의 휨성능을 평가할 수 있는 모형을 개발하기 위하여 인공신경망 중 다층인식자 모형을 사용하였다. 인공신경망 모형에 사용될 학습자료들은 기존 연구자료들의 데이터를 이용하였다. 입력층의 독립변수는 휨성능에 주요 요소인 폭, 유효깊이, 압축강도, FRP 보강비, FRP 균형철근비을 사용하였다. 출력층 종속변수는 실험에서 측정된 모멘트 성능을 사용하였다. 개발된 인공신경망 모형은 GFRP, CFRP, AFRP Rebar 적용이 모두 가능하며, 모형의 검증은 다른 선행 연구자들이 수행한 자료를 이용하였다. 인공신경망 모형 추정결과 ANN(0.05) 모형의 경우에 비교적 정확한 휨성능 추정값을 나타낸 반면, ANN(0.1) 모형에서는 다소 오차가 발생하였다. 인공신경망 모형의 검증결과 주어진 실험 데이터 값과 비교적 일치하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 휨성능 평가 변수에 대한 민감도 분석결과 유효깊이의 영향이 가장 크고 FRP 철근비, FRP 균형철근비, 압축강도, 폭으로 분석되었다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2008

For the recycling of the resources and the preservation of the environment, this study's purpose is to measure flexural behavior of the reinforced concrete beams with the major variables like concrete strength, replacement ratio of the recycled aggregate and the waste foundry sand and the tension reinforcement ratio and to present the data of the recycled aggregate used for the structure design. The experiment on the flexural behavior resulted in the followings. The ultimate strength of recycled R/C beam was manipulated proportionate to the tension reinforcement ratio, however the strength instantly decreased after passing the ultimate load due to the destroyed concrete of the compression side. The deflection at the maximum load varied from the tension reinforcement ratio by 5.5 times. The test specimen with the tension reinforcement ratio less than $0.5{\rho}b$ showed constant curve without change in the load from the yield to the ultimate load in contrast to the distinctive plastic region where the displacement was rising. Although the strain of main tension steel with the reinforcement ratio indicate different, the design of recycled concrete member can be applied for current design code for reinforced concrete structure as the ratio of tension reinforcement district the under the reinforcement ration in a balanced strain condition.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 1996

동일한 인장철근배근상태($\rho$/$\rho_b$=constant)에서 휨을 받는 고강도 철근 콘크리트 보는 보통강도의 철근 콘크리트보에 비해 더욱 취성적인 거동을 하게 된다. 본 실험결과 연성적인 파괴를 유도하기 위하여 콘크리트의 강도가 830kg/$cm^2$이상일 경우 철근비를 $0.6\rho_b$이하로 배근하여야 할 것으로 나타났다. 또한 콘크리트 강도가 830kg/$cm^2$ 이상일 경우 사각형응력 블록을 사용한 ACI 휨강도식의 안전율이 감소하였으며, 삼각형에 가까운 압축응력 분포를 나타내었다. 이는 콘크리트 강도가 증가할수록 응력-변형률 곡선이 거의 선형적으로 증가하는 재료적 성질에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2012

Research into the development of high strength (1 GPa) and superior formability, such as total elongation (10%), and stretch-flangeability (50%) in hot-rolled steel was conducted with a thermomechanically controlled hot-rolling process. To improve the overall mechanical properties simultaneously, low-carbon steel using precipitation hardening of Ti-Nb-V multimicroalloying elements was employed. And, ideal microstructural characteristics for the realization of balanced mechanical properties were determined using SEM, EBSD, and TEM analyses. The developed steel, 0.06C-2.0Mn-0.5Cr-0.2(Ti + Nb + V), consisted of ferrite as the matrix phase and second phase of granular bainite with fine carbides (20-50 nm) in both phases. The significant factor of the microstructural characteristics that affect stretch-flangeability was found to be the microstructural homogeneity. The microstructural homogeneity, manifest in such characteristics as low localization of plastic strain and internally stored energy, was identified by grain average misorientation method, analyzed by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and hardness deviation between the phases. In summar, a hot-rolled steel having a composition 0.06C-2.0Mn-0.5Cr-0.2(Ti + Nb + V) demonstrated a tensile strength of 998 MPa, a total elongation of 19%, and a hole expansion ratio of 65%. The most important factors to satisfy the mechanical property were the presence of fine carbides and the microstructural homogeneity, which provided low hardness deviation between the phases.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.396-402
• /
• 2021

철근콘크리트 휨부재 단면은 휨강도를 확보함과 동시에 연성을 확보할 수 있도록 설계되어야 한다. 설계기준에서는 연성거동을 확보하기 위해 철근비나 중립축 깊이를 제한한다. 균형철근비 보다 적은 철근량이 배치된 단면은 연성이 확보되므로 균형철근비는 이론적인 최대철근비가 된다. 그러나 너무 적은 양의 철근량이 배치된 단면은 연성 거동과 관계 없이 균열 휨모멘트를 만족하지 못하고 취성 파괴될 수 있다. 또한, 최근 들어 고강도 재료의 사용이 증가함에 따라 최소철근비로 설계된 부재의 설계도 증가하고 있다. 이에 설계기준에서는 최소철근량에 대해서도 규정하고 있다. 콘크리트구조기준(2012)에서는 최소철근량에 대하여 철근과 콘크리트 강도의 항으로 직접적으로 규정하였다. 그러나 개정된 콘크리트구조 학회기준(2017)에서는 설계 휨강도와 균열 모멘트 사이의 관계를 통해 최소철근량을 간접적으로 제시하고 있다. 이는 피복두께에 대한 영향을 반영할 수 있지만, 재료 모델에 대한 정의가 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 콘크리트구조기준(2012)과 콘크리트구조 학회기준(2017)의 최소철근량에 대한 규정을 비교 검토하고, 다양한 해석 변수를 통해 최소철근량의 변화를 검토하여 합리적인 최소철근량 검토 방안에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.357-380
• /
• 2015

In this study, a simple indeterminate strut-tie model which reflects complicated characteristics of the ultimate structural behavior of continuous reinforced concrete deep beams was proposed. In addition, the load distribution ratio, defined as the fraction of applied load transferred by a vertical tie of truss load transfer mechanism, was proposed to help structural designers perform the analysis and design of continuous reinforced concrete deep beams by using the strut-tie model approaches of current design codes. In the determination of the load distribution ratio, a concept of balanced shear reinforcement ratio requiring a simultaneous failure of inclined concrete strut and vertical steel tie was introduced to ensure the ductile shear failure of reinforced concrete deep beams, and the primary design variables including the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, and compressive strength of concrete were reflected upon. To verify the appropriateness of the present study, the ultimate strength of 58 continuous reinforced concrete deep beams tested to shear failure was evaluated by the ACI 318M-11's strut-tie model approach associated with the presented indeterminate strut-tie model and load distribution ratio. The ultimate strength of the continuous deep beams was also estimated by the experimental shear equations, conventional design codes that were based on experimental and theoretical shear strength models, and current strut-tie model design codes. The validity of the proposed strut-tie model and load distribution ratio was examined through the comparison of the strength analysis results classified according to the primary design variables. The present study associated with the indeterminate strut-tie model and load distribution ratio evaluated the ultimate strength of the continuous deep beams fairly well compared with those by other approaches. In addition, the present approach reflected the effects of the primary design variables on the ultimate strength of the continuous deep beams consistently and reasonably. The present study may provide an opportunity to help structural designers conduct the rational and practical strut-tie model design of continuous deep beams.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2002

Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (FRP) have received significant attention for use in civil infrastructure due to their unique properties, such as the high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness-to-weight ratio, corrosion and fatigue resistance, and tailorability. It is well known that FRP wraps increase the load-carrying capacity and the ductility of reinforced concrete columns. A number of researchers have explored their use for seismic components. The application of concern in the present research is on the use of FRP for corrosion protection of reinforced concrete columns, which is very important in cold-weather and coastal regions. More specifically, this work is intended to give practicing engineers with a more practical procedure for estimating the strength of a deficient column rehabilitated using FRP wrapped columns than those currently available. To achieve this goal, a stress-strain model for FRP wrapped concrete is proposed, which is subsequently used in the development of the moment-curvature relations for FRP wrapped reinforced concrete column sections. A comparison of the proposed stress-strain model to the test results shows good agreement. It has also been found that based on the moment-curvature relations, the balanced moment is no longer a critical moment in the interaction diagram. Besides, the enhancement in the loading capacity in terms of the interaction diagram due to the confinement provided by FRP wraps is also confirmed in this work.