• 한국조리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2004

This study was accomplished to examine possibilities to apply Korean medicine to breamaking. Extracts of Chungpesagan-tang prepared by the prescription of Korean medicine were used for baking, instead of water among ingredients of baking. Effects of addition of extracts of Chungpesagan-tang on various baking properties were analyzed during the process of baking. Changes in pH values and volumes of doughs during fermentation and pH values of bread showed no differences among samples. Loaf volumes and specific loaf volumes were increased somewhat on addition. The values of cohesiveness, springness, gumminess and brittleness of breads, which were measured by rheometer, were increased on addition while those of hardness were decreased a little. Lightness values of sections of loaves were decreased on addition, but their color differences were increased largely on color difference meter. There were nearly little differences among samples in all the values of parameters of external and internal characteristics and eating qualities of breads by sensory evaluation. Re-purchasing attitude of pullman bread added with Chungpesagan-tang had a high in the gender and age.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.390-393
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• 2011

The effects of differing baking ingredient formulations on physicochemical qualities and consumer preferences were investigated using sponge cakes incorporated with tomato powder, a healthy and beneficial food ingredient, as a model system. Tomato powder was incorporated into cake batter at four different amounts (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, w/w) by replacing equivalent amount of wheat flour. After appropriate mixing, sponge cakes were baked and cake quality attributes were evaluated after cooling. Specific volume decreased with an increase in the tomato powder substitution, although not significantly (p>0.05). On the other hand, baking loss increased from 10.3 (control) to 13.4 (30% sample) as the tomato powder level increased in the formulation. Lightness ($L^*$) decreased significantly from 79.5 to 74.1 whereas the firmness significantly increased with the higher incorporation of tomato powder (p<0.05). The consumer preferences on color, taste, and flavor, but not softness, were significantly affected by the amount of tomato powder incorporated in the sample (p<0.05). With respect to overall acceptability, the 20% sample received the highest mean score of 5.1, although this was not significantly different from the 10% sample or control (p>0.05). The incorporation of tomato powder, up to 20%, in the formulation of sponge cakes did not significantly influence the consumers' acceptability in all attributes tested.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1975

일정한 제분 조건하에서 쌀보리의 제분수율은 겉보리의 경우보다 약 10% 높았으나, 제품속의 회분함량은 오히려 낮았다. 그리고 쌀보리 가루의 아미로그람은 겉보리가루보다 높은 점성을 보였다. 보리가루와 밀가루의 10:90 및 30:70 혼합물로 부터 만든 반죽의 화리노그람에서는 보리가루 함량이 증가함에 따라서 제빵품질이 감퇴됨을 살폈다. 또, 제빵비교 시험에서도 쌀보리가루의 경우 겉보리가루보다 안정성이 높았고, 탄력이 좋았으며, 조직이 튼튼하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.214-218
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• 1974

시판되는 국산 베이킹 파우다 8종을 수집하여 화학분석으로 그들의 조성성분을 알아본 결과 sulfate 형과 phosphate 형 두가지였는데 시료 H 를 제외하고는 모두 명반을 주성분으로 하는 sulfate 형이었다. 이들 베이킹 파우다를 사용하여 만든 plain cake 의 품질을 관능검사의 의하여 평가하므로써의 품질을 비교검토하였다. 관능검사결과 시료 C 가 가장 우수하였고 시료 E 와 H 가 저질인 것으로 나타났다. 시료 E를 사용한 케익은 비교적 진한 알카리성 냄새와 맛을 풍겨주었으며 H 는 향미는 좋으나 케익이 너무 부풀지 않아 외모와 내부구조가 불량하였다. 이러한 관능검사 결과는 다른 객관 시험결과 즉 케익의 흡수율 및 보사실험 부피측정 결과와도 잘 일치하였다. 또한 제조된 케익의 texture 를 texturomerterr로 측정한 결과 시료 C와 H의 chewiness는 다같이 낮게 나타났으나 H 의 경우는 케익의 견고성이 특별히 높은 값을 보여주었다. 결국 8종의 시판베이 킹 파우다 중에서 시료 C 가 제일 품질이 좋았고 E 와 H 가 저질이었으며 나머지 모두 양호함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1295-1300
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• 1998

산성, 중성 및 알칼리성 영역에서 각각 추출된 SPI를 첨가시킨 복합분의 제빵적성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 제빵적성은 빵의 용적과 조직감을 측정하여 판정하였다. Mixograph를 이용하여 측정된 SPI-밀가루 복합분 반죽의 물리적 성질에서 pH 2.0과 12.0에서 추출된 SPI를 첨가한 복합분 반죽의 수분흡수율이 100% 밀가루 반죽의 수분흡수율보다 컸으며 SPI-밀가루 복합분의 반죽형성시간은 100% 밀가루 반죽에 비해 SPI의 종류에 관계없이 모두 감소하였다. 5% SPI-빵의 용적은 100% 밀가루로 만들어진 빵과 차이가 없었으며, 10% SPI-빵의 경우 $SPI_2$와 $SPI_3$-빵의 용적은 대조구보다 감소하였으나 $SPI_7,\;SPI_{10}$ 및 $SPI_{12}$-빵의 용적은 차이가 없었다. 또한 유화형성력이 큰 $SPI_7,\;SPI_{10},\;SPI_{12}$-빵의 용적이 유화형성력이 작은 $SPI_2,\;SPI_3$-빵 보다 크게 나타났다. 5% SPI-빵의 탄성, 씹힘성, 응집성, 껌성, 부착성 및 견고성은 대조구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 10% SPI-빵의 경우 $SPI_2$와 $SPI_{12}$-빵의 씹힘성, 껌성, 견고성에 있어 유의차를 보이며 증가하였고(P< 0.05) 대조구에 비해 전체적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.997-1001
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• 2003

밀가루와 백강균 자실체 분말을 각각 99:1, 97:3 및 95:5(w/w)로 혼합한 복합분을 이용하여 그 제빵적성을 비교하였다. 대조구의 비용적은 4.69 mL/g bread로 나타났으며, 자실체 분말을 1%와 3% 첨가한 자실체-빵의 비용적은 대조구의 비용적과 비슷한 용적을 나타났다. 그러나 자실체 분말을 5% 첨가한 자실체-빵의 비용적은 대조구에 비해 크게 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 자실체 분말을 1%와 3% 첨가한 자실체-빵의 L값은 대조구에 비하여 약간의 감소를 나타내었으나, 5%의 빵의 L값은 대조구에 비해 크게 감소하였다. 자실체 분말의 첨가농도가 높아질수록 자실체-빵의 a값과 b값은 각각 대조구에 비해 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 대조구의 경도는 11.27 N이었으며, 자실체 분말을 1%와 3% 첨가한 자실체-빵의 경도는 대조구와 비슷하였으나 5%를 첨가한 자실체-빵의 경도는 대조구에 비해 크게 증가하였다. 자실체 분말을 1%와 3%를 각각 첨가한 자실체-빵의 탄성, 껌성 및 씹힘성은 대조구와 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 전반적인 기호도에 대한 관능검사 결과 자실체 분말 1%와 3%를 첨가한 빵은 대조구와 비슷하였으나, 자실체 분말 5%를 첨가한 빵은 대조구에 비해 크게 감소하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.448-456
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• 2008

In this study, domestic wheat white breads were prepared with the substitution of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% Nelumbo nucifera G. tea powder(NNTP). The samples and a control were then compared with regard to quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, external and internal surface appearances, and sensory qualities in order to determine the optimal ratio of NNTP in the formulation. As the NNTP contents increased, the pH of dough and bread, baking loss, and lightness decreased, whereas the total titratable acidity of dough and bread increased. The fermentation power of dough expansion increased with increasing incubation time. The NNTP samples evidenced significantly higher specific volume, greenness, yellowness, resilience, and crumb consistency than were observed in the control group. However, hardness and fracturability evidenced the opposite effect. The water content and uniformity of the crumb pores were highest at a substitution level of 1.5%, and were lowest at a level of 4.5%. Crumb color, flavor, and delicious taste decreased with increasing NNTP contents, whereas lotus leaf flavor, astringency, bitterness, and off-flavor increased. Density of the crumb pore and crumb springiness were not significantly different among the samples. Softness, chewiness, and overall acceptability were maximal with the 1.5% substitution, and were minimal in the 6.0% group. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that $1.5{\sim}3.0%$ NNTP may prove quite useful as a substitute for domestic wheat flour in the production of white bread, and may evidence favorable nutritional and functional properties.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2010

Barley leaves tea white bread were prepared by the addition of 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020% hemicellulase to flour of the basic formulation. The experiments and control were then compared in terms of quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, internal surface appearances, and sensory qualities in order to determine the optimal ratio of hemicellulase in the formulation. There were no significant differences in pH and total titratable acidity of dough and bread among the experiments. Fermentation power of dough expansion were increased as incubation time increased. Bread made by the addition of hemicellulase had significantly higher specific volume than the control group. However, lightness and yellowness showed the reverse effect. Greenness was not significantly different among the samples. Baking loss was the highest at the 0.020% addition level, and moisture content was maximal with the 0.010% addition, while the lowest in the control bread samples. As hemicellulase contents increased, harness and fracturability decreased. Resilience was maximal with the 0.015% addition, and was minimal in the 0.005% group. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, softness, overall acceptability, barley leaves flavor, delicious taste, astringency, bitterness, and off-flavor were not significantly different among the samples. In coclusion, the results indicate that adding 0.010% hemicellulase in barley leaves tea white bread is optimal for quality and provides a product with reasonably high overall acceptability.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.398-405
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• 2010

In this study, white bread was prepared containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0% barley leaves tea powder (BLTP). The samples along with a control were then compared regarding their quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, internal surface appearances and sensory qualities, all to determine the optimal ratio of BLTP. As the BLTP content increased, the pH of the dough and bread and the lightness decreased, whereas the total titratable acidity increased. The fermentation power of dough expansion increased with a longer incubation time. The control group was evidenced by a significantly higher specific volume and baking loss than that observed in the BLTP samples. However, greenness and yellowness evidenced the opposite effect. Hardness was highest at a substitution level of 1.5% and lowest at a level of 4.5%. Fracturability and resilience were not significantly different among the samples. For the internal surface appearance, darkness and greenness increased both increased at higher BLTP content. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor and overall acceptability were highest in the control bread samples but minimal at a substitution level of 6.0%. Softness was the highest at the 3.0% substitution level and lowest in the control bread samples. Barley leaf flavor, astringency, bitterness and off-flavor increased as the BLTP content increased. Delicious taste was not significantly different among the samples. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that 4.5% BLTP may prove quite useful as a substitute for wheat flour in the production of white bread and may provide favorable nutritional and functional properties.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.507-522
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• 2011

In this study, samples of wheat flour and dough were prepared by adding of 1, 3, or 5% branched dextrin, which is produced from the amylopectin of waxy corn starch using a cyclization reaction with a branching enzyme. The samples were then evaluated qualitatively in terms of farinogram, viscogram, and extensogram characteristics. The fermentation power of dough expansion, extensogram characteristics, specific volume, baking loss, external/internal surface appearance, and sensory qualities were also examined after 4 weeks of storage at -20$^{\circ}C$ to determine the effect on freeze-thaw stability and quality improvement of branched dextrins in the soft roll bread formulation. Furthermore, the samples along with a control were compared regarding their quality characteristics, including changes in moisture content, water activity, color, and textural characteristics during a storage period of 4 days at 20$^{\circ}C$ to determine the effect on preventing retrogradation of the branched dextrin. As the branched dextrin content increased, area and extensibility increased, whereas water absorption, fermentation power of dough expansion, resistance/extensibility ratio, baking loss, and brownness of the crust decreased. However, the control group presented significantly higher peak viscosity, resistance, specific volume, taste, overall acceptability, moisture content, water activity, springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience values than those of the branched dextrin samples, whereas lightness, hardness, and chewiness showed the reverse effect. As the storage period increased, lightness, hardness, and chewiness increased, whereas cohesiveness decreased. In conclusion, the results indicate that adding 1~3% branched dextrin into a soft roll bread formulation from frozen dough had no positive effect on freeze-thaw stability or preventing retrogradation but may provide good nutritional properties.