• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

Bacteriological examination of a 12,700 ha area within Jaranman Saryangdo area, located in Jaran bay and Saryangdo island, was conducted with 35 fixed (designated areas and adjacent areas) seawater sampling stations between January 2006 and December 2008. According to results, the geometric mean range and the estimated 90th percentile range of fecal coliform counts in sea water samples collected in the designated area were <1.8-2.4 and <1.8-8.6 MPN/100mL, respectively. The estimated 90th percentile range of fecal coliform counts in sea water samples collected from 6 sampling stations in the adjacent areas were 6.1-34.6 MPN/100mL. Based on these results, bacteriological water quality of the designated areas in the Jaranman. Saryangdo area meet the NSSP (National Shellfish Sanitation Program) guidelines for approved area. The bacteriological sea water quality in Jaranman.Saryangdo area has been shown to be favorable at all investigated sampling stations except for July and August which coincided with heavy rainfall. In fact, the bacteriological water quality was not affected if rainfall was less than 30 mm rainfall. However, the degree of bacteriological contamination increased rapidly and the water quality exceeded approved NSSP guidelines set for rainfall above 60 mm.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 1974

An observation on bacteriological conversion upon 56 bocteriological positives out of 131 cases of lepromatous leprosy treated by antileprosy morbile service was carried out. Those 131 lepromatous cases were a part of 335 total registered from three Guns of Gangjin, Hwa sun, and Goheung, Cheollanamdo, since 1957 to 1973 that has been under the control of antileprosy morbile unit. The results obtained are summalized as follows, 1. Lepromatous type was 36.9% of all cases. The ratio of male to female was 4.9 to 1. Age between 30-44, the most productive ages, occupied 38.0% and age over 60 occupied 18.0% of all. 2. 42.7% of lepromatous type was bacteriological positive. 43.1% was for male and 43.1% was for female. Age between 20 to 24 shown the highest positive at 63.7% and followed by aged over 60 (62.5%) and under 19 (60.0%). The lowest one was seen at age between 40 to 44 at 29.2%. 3. Bacteriological positive rate at registration was different in accordance with duration of treatment received befor registration. It came up to the highest 100.0% at the group treated one year before registration. That of the group not received any treatment was 56.4%, and the group received 4-5 years was the lowest at 26.1% 4. Bacteriological conversion rate was 44.6% and 14.3% of all positive casese regressed in bacterial number. 37.5% of all active cases converted bacteriologically within 5 years. 5. Bacteriological conversion rate in group received 1 year treatment before registattion was 66.6%. That in group not received any treatment was 31.8% and group received 4-5 years was 33.3%. 6. Considering of total duration reaseved treatment together with before and after registration, 33.9% of all active cases resulted bacteriological conversion or regression within 5 years.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 2014

Background: Mycobacterial identification in active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) is confirmative, even though successful rates using self-expectorated sputum are limited. Sputum specimens collected by hypertonic saline nebulization showed higher bacteriologic diagnostic sensitivities over those of self-expectoration, mostly studied in smear-negative or sputum-scarce patients. The efficacy of induced sputum was rarely assessed in real clinical settings. Methods: A prospective randomized case-control study was performed in one hospital. The subjects highly suspicious of APTB were asked to provide 3 pairs of sputum specimens in 3 consecutive days. The first pairs of the specimens were obtained either by self-expectoration (ES) from the next day of the visit or sputum induction with 7% saline nebulization in clinic (SI), and the other specimens were collected in the same way. The samples were tested in microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The outcomes of the bacteriological diagnosis were compared. Results: Seventy six patients were assigned to either ES (38 subjects, median age of 51, 65.8% male) or SI (38 subjects, median age of 55, 52.6% male). APTB was clinically confirmed in 51 patients (70.8%), 27 in ES and 24 in SI. Among the APTB, more adequate specimens were collected from SI (41/65, 63.1%) than ES (34/80, 42.5%) (p=0.01). Bacteriological confirmation was achieved in 14 (58.3%) patients in SI, and 13 (48.1%) in ES (p=0.46). In the same-day bacteriological diagnosis with microscopy and PCR, there were positive results for 9 patients (37.5%) in SI and 7 patients (25.9%) in ES (p=0.37). Conclusion: Sputum induction improves sputum specimen adequacy. It may be useful for the same-day bacteriological diagnosis with microscopic examination and PCR.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.614-622
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• 2010

The sanitary quality of a shellfish-growing area in Gangjinman, Korea, was assessed through a bacteriological examination of seawater form January 2007 to December 2009. The range of the geometric mean (GM) and the estimated 90th percentile for most-probable-number (MPN) values for fecal coliforms in samples collected in the designated area were 2.0-2.4 and 6.1-11.5 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Therefore, the bacteriological quality of seawater in the designated area in the Gangjinman area met the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) guidelines for approved areas. Also, the sanitary status of shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100 g). However, the degree of bacteriological contamination increased rapidly, and water quality exceeded the criteria for approved areas when large amounts of rain fell before the sampling date. Fortunately, fecal pollutants did not affect the bacteriological quality of a buffer zone established between the shoreline and the designated area. These results indicate that the current buffer zone established around the designated area protects the designated area properly.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.78.1-78.10
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• 2021

Background: Recurrent subclinical mastitis (RScM) due to resistant bacteria has low clinical and bacteriological cure rates, often requiring the culling of cows. The sequential intramammary administration of enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate (enro-C) followed by ceftiofur HCl may be useful for treating these cases. Objectives: This study assessed the bacteriological and clinical cure-efficacies of the sequentially intramammary administration of enro-C, followed by ceftiofur HCl to treat RScM in Holstein/Friesian cows. Methods: This trial was conducted in a herd with a high prevalence of RScM, and 20 Holstein/Friesian cows were included: 45% suffering subclinical mastitis and 38.9% of the mammary quarters affected. Twenty-nine bacterial isolates in vitro resistant to enro-C were obtained (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, 55.2%; Staphylococcus aureus, 27.6%; Escherichia coli, 6.9%; Streptococcus uberis, 6.9%; Corynebacterium bovis, 3.4%). Polymerase chain reaction-isolated the following genes linked to enro-C resistance: chromosomal (gyrA) and plasmid (aac(6')-lb-cr). The treatments were as follows: twice-daily intramammary infusions of enro-C (300 mg/10 mL) for 5 days. Cows clinically considered treatment failures were also treated with intramammary ceftiofur (125 mg/10 mL, twice daily for 5 days. The clinical and bacteriological cure rates were carried out when completing each treatment phase and at 14 and 21 days, aided by a California mastitis test, somatic cell count, and failure to identify the initially causative bacteria. Results: Enro-C achieved 65% clinical and bacteriological cure rates, and 100% cure rates were obtained after the rescue treatment with ceftiofur HCl. Conclusions: Outstanding clinical and bacteriological cure rates in cows affected by RScM were achieved with the consecutive intramammary infusions of enro-C, followed by ceftiofur HCl.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

A bacteriological and serological investigation was conducted in a commercial breeding kennel in Taegu city in which canine abortion caused by Brucella canis occurred, and the family dogs in this area were also surveyed for Br canis infection during a period from March 1999 to May 2000. Of 195 dogs in the breeding kennel, 50(25.6%) were found to be bacteremic and 82(42.1%) were shown to be positive for canine brucellosis by both bacteriological and serological test. Of 357 family dogs examined, 17(4.8%) had an agglutinin titer of 1 : 160 or higher. Of these 17 dogs, 5(2.8%) were from indoor dogs and 12(6.7%) were from outdoor dogs. Only 2 mongrel dogs(1 female and 1 male) of 17 serologically positive dogs showed an agglutinin titer of 1 : 2560 or higher and Br canis was isolated from their blood.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2006

Background : Para-aminosalicylic acid(PAS) is a 2nd-line drug that can cause severe adverse reactions leading to poor patient compliance. This study evaluated the relapse rate according to the discontinuance of PAS at a certain point after bacteriological conversion during the course of chemotherapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB). Methods : 42 out of 452 MDR-TB patients were enrolled in this study. All subjects were receiving chemotherapy including PAS at National Masan TB Hospital between Jan. 1, 2000 and Dec. 31, 2001. The relapse rate was evaluated after the discontinuance of PAS from their initial regimen as a result of the severe adverse reactions at a certain point after the bacteriological conversion during the course of chemotherapy for MDR-TB. Results : The male to female ratio was 2.5:1, and the mean age was 47.2 years old. The average number of past histories, used drugs and resistant drugs was 1.2, 3.9 and 4.3. The mean number of sensitive drugs included in the inirial regimen was 3.9. The mean time for bacteriological conversion and discontinuance of the PAS was 2.3 months after initiating treatment and 6 months after bacteriological conversion, respectively. There was no relapse after discontinuing PAS during a mean follow up period of 31.6 months. Conclusion : PAS may be discontinued in the cases of serious gastrointestinal problems approximately 6 months after bacteriological conversion without concern about relapse.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 1998

The present study is concerned with the bacteriological examination of retort pouched loach soup and soybean paste soup containing mud snail. It was found that before sterilization, viable cell counts (c.f.u/ml) in their media were for the loach soup 3.80${\times}$106 on TSA, 2.27${\times}$102 Endo agar, 5.20${\times}$102 on SS agar. With the culture media, SDA and TCBS, no microorgarnisms were isolated from the both soups. Sixteen species of microorgarnisms were identified for the unsterilized soups. In the loach soup on TSA, B. pantothenticus was the dominant species, followed by S. dysenteriae, C. sporogenes and some others were also identified, such on TSA, B. marinus was the dominant species, followed by S. aureus, S. saccharolytics and P. tetradius, S. adorifera, E. ictahuri, E. gergoviae, E. coli were also identified. On Endo agar, the two soups showed a similar bacteriological pattern, in which entrobacterium such as E. gergoviae and E. coli were identified. Particularly K. subsp. rhinoscleromatis for the loach soup. On SS agar, S. ficaria and P. prevotii in the loach soup, S. ficaria and P. tetradius in the soybean paste soup were identified respectively. Bacteriological examination was also carried out for the spoiled retort pouched soup in the market, in which thirteen microorgarnisms were isolated and its pattern almost similar to that before sterilzation. They were B. pantothenticus, S. dysenteriae, C. sporogenes, P. gergoviae, E. ictaluri, S. ficaria, K. subsp. rhinoscleromatis in the loach soup and B. marinus, S. aureus, S. saccharolytics, P. tetradius, E. ictaluri, S. ficaria, S. adorifera in the soybean soup.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

A Sanitary survey in an Important shellfish-growing area of Biin Bay in Seocheon-gun Korea, was conducted to evaluate bay conditions and compliance with the bacteriological criteria for areas designated for the production of shellfish for export. Seawater samples were collected monthly at 55 sampling stations established in the survey area from January 2006 to December 2008. Bacteriological water quality did not change in response to a small rainfall (10.0 mm), but it increased abruptly in response to rainfall to 62.5 mm The most probable number (MPN) value for total coliforms and fecal coliforms in 1, 980 seawater samples ranged from <1.8 to >1, 600 MPN/100mL and from <1.8 to 330 MPN/100mL, respectively. The geometric mean and estimated $90^{th}$ percentile value for total coliforms ranged from 2.0 to 10.3 MPN/100mL and from 7.0 to 42.6 MPN/100mL respectively. The geometric mean and estimated percentile value for fecal coliforms ranged from 1.8 to 4.0 MPN/100mL and from 1.9 to 18.3 MPN/100mL, respectively. Accordingly, the bacteriological water quality of Biin Bay met the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) and Korea Shel1fish Sanitation Program(KSSP) criteria for areas designated for shellfish production for export in Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

The sanitary quality of a shellfish-growing area in Kamak Bay, Korea, was assessed through a bacteriological examination of seawater and oysters from January 2004 to December 2006. From seawater samples collected at 28 stations, the range of geometric mean (GM) and the estimated 90th percentile for most-probable-number (MPN) values of fecal coliforms were <1.8-2.4 MPN/100 mL and 1.8-6.0 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The observed fecal coliform GM and the estimated 90th percentile did not exceed the fecal coliform water quality standards of 14 MPN/100 mL and 43 MPN/100 mL. Therefore, the bacteriological quality of seawater at this shellfish-growing area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) criteria for a growing area used for export. The range of the fecal coliform GM and the estimated 90th percentile MPN values of oyster samples were 19.2-160 MPN/100 g and 20.2-166.9 MPN/100 g, respectively, and the range of the viable cell count was 30-1900 CFU/g. Thus, the fecal coliform value for the oysters and the viable cell count were less than the current shellfish quality standards of 230 MPN/100 g and 50,000 CFU/g, respectively. The bacteriological quality of the oysters complied with the criteria for domestic use and export of shellfish.