• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1947-1956
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• 2019

The gut microbiome influences the health and well-being of dogs. However, little is known about the impact of breed on the fecal microbiome composition in dogs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiome in three breeds of dog fed and housed under the same conditions, namely eight Maltese (8.0 ± 0.1 years), eight Miniature Schnauzer (8.0 ± 0.0 years), and nine Poodle dogs (8.0 ± 0.0 years). Fresh fecal samples were collected from the dogs and used to extract metagenomic DNA. The composition of the fecal microbiome was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq platform. A total of 840,501 sequences were obtained from the 25 fecal samples and classified as Firmicutes (32.3-97.3% of the total sequences), Bacteroidetes (0.1-62.6%), Actinobacteria (0.2-14.7%), Fusobacteria (0.0-5.7%), and Proteobacteria (0.0-5.1%). The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in the Maltese dog breed than that in the other two breeds, while that of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in the Maltese than in the Miniature Schnauzer breed. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Turicibacter, Succinivibrio, and Anaerobiospirillum differed significantly among the three dog breeds. These genera had no correlation with age, diet, sex, body weight, vaccination history, or parasite protection history. Within a breed, some of these genera had a correlation with at least one blood chemistry value. This study indicates that the composition of the fecal microbiome in dogs is affected by breed.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2011

폐렴은 호흡기계의 감염이고 원인균, 병인, 침범부위, 그 밖의 여러 가지 상황에 따라서 다양하게 분류된다. 비정형 병원균주 페렴으로 의심되어 내원한 46세의 남자 환자에서 이학학적 소견이나 혈액검사, 객담도말검사, 소변검사, 기생충검사, 기관지내시경검사, 침생검 등에서 특이할만한 원인균을 찾지 못했으며, 청진이상, 고열, 고혈압, 객담, 호흡곤란 등의 증상 또한 보이지 않았다. 세균성 또는 비정형 병원균의 광범위치료 항생제 복용이나 기생충제제를 복용하였으나 재발되었으며, 자연치유 및 재발이 반복되며 호전되었다. 반흔을 남기며 호전되고 새로운 부위에 결절이 재발하기를 반복하면서 서서히 없어지는 기간은 평균 20일 정도였다. 재발 이후 흉부엑스선 촬영과 흉부 고해상 전산화단층촬영을 추적 검사한 결과 흉부엑스선 촬영에서는 특이한 징후를 관찰하지 못했으나 고해상 전산화단층촬영에서는 병변이 호전되어가고 새로운 부위에 재발되는 모습을 관찰할 수가 있었다. 양측 하부 폐에 재발성 경과를 취한 비정형병원균주 폐렴이 의심되는 환자의 경우, 흉부엑스선 촬영 소견은 횡격막이나 간(Liver), 척추 등에 의해 숨기 때문에 추적검사로서 도움을 주는 데는 한계가 있으며, 흉부 고해상 전산화단층촬영 검사를 하여 비교하는 것이 바람직하다. 저자는 재발성 경과를 취한 비정형 병원균주 폐렴1예에 대한 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.259-270
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• 2008

Disease surveillance was performed to monitor the prevalence of fish pathogens in wild marine fish caught in coastal offshore water in Korea. A total of 333 of fish samples were collected at set net or fish market at landing port in Pohang (East Sea), Taean (Western Sea), Goseong and Tongyeong (Southern Sea) and 21 species of pathogens causing clinical infections to farmed fish were investigated. The detection rates of fish pathogens from Mugili formes, Tetraodontiformes, Pleuroneciformes, Sorpaeniformes, erciformes and Clupeiformes were 90.9, 61.1, 47.6, 43.6, 37.2 and 11.8%, respectively. Comparing with prevalence of diseases seasonally, both the detection rates of bacteria and parasite were higher than those of virus in April but the detection rates of parasites were distinctively higher than those of bacteria in August with high water temperature. Virus were detected in fish samples caught in the Western and Southern Sea in April. The detected parasites were Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylogyrus, Microcotyle, Bivagina, Caligus, Alella and Myxobolus. Among the bacterial pathogens, Vibrio, Streptococcus, Photobacterium, Psuedomonas were predominant. Viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV) and flounder lymphocystis disease virus (FLDV) were detected from the 6 species of fish virus examined in this study.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

우리나라 연안에서 채포되는 자연산 어류를 대상으로 주요 어류 병원체의 검출 유무를 조사하기 위해 2008년 2월부터 10월까지 질병 조사를 실시하였다. 포항, 거제, 여수 및 제주 지역의 정치망, 양망에 채포된 어류 및 공동어시장에서 판매되는 어류를 구매하여 총 401마리를 실험에 사용하였다. 전체 조사 시료 중 152마리에서 17종의 병원체가 분리되었다. 기생충, 세균 및 바이러스의 검출률은 각각 21.4%, 17.0% 및 2.7%로 나타났다. 분리된 기생충류는 Scutica, Trichodina, Cryptocaryon, Dactylogyrus, Microcotyle, Benedenia, Bivagina, Heteraxin, Caligus, Epistylis 및 nematode 이며, 세균류로는 Vibrio, Streptococcus, Photobacterium, Psuedomonas가 우점적으로 분리되었고 바이러스는 조사대상인 6종중에서 red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) 및 lymphocystis disease virus(LDV)가 검출되었다. 과(科)별로 검사시료가 30개체 이상인 어류 중에서 양볼락과, 쥐치과, 가자미과, 도미과 및 전갱이과의 검출률이 59.2%, 48.4%, 34.2%, 30.6% 및 18.2%로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2009

생활수준의 향상으로 건강과 웰빙에 대한 관심이 늘면서 즉석섭취(ready-to-eat) 농산물의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이들 농산물중 파프리카, 딸기, 토마토 등은 우리나라의 대표적인 수출 농산물로서 안전성 확보가 중요하다. 본 연구는 대전시내 2개 백화점과 2개 대형할인점에서 유통 중인 파프리카, 딸기 및 토마토를 대상으로 총호기성균, 대장균군, 식중독 유발 세균 및 기생충의 오염 수준을 배지 배양법, multiplex PCR, 상업용키트 및 현미경으로 조사하였으며, 또한 세척방법별 세균 감소율을 평가하였다. 유통중인 파프리카, 딸기 및 토마토의 평균 총호기성균 수는 $1.3{\times}10^4{\sim}1.8{\times}10^5$CFU/g, 평균 대장균군의 수는 $1.4{\times}10^3{\sim}9.6{\times}10^3$CFU/g 범위이었으며, 세균 오염 정도는 매장별로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총호기성균 및 대장균군의 오염 정도는 딸기에서 가장 높았으며, 딸기에서 미확인 기생충 충란이 발견되었다. 조사한 농산물에서 가장 흔히 분리되는 세균은 Enterobacter cloacae 이었으며, 식중독 유발 세균중 Staphylococcus aureus가 딸기에서 발견 되었으나 그 외의 식중독 유발 세균은 분리되지 않았다. 딸기를 대상으로 세척방법별 세균 감소율을 조사한 결과 수돗물로 5회이상 세척시 일반세균의 80%이상을 제거할 수 있었으며 야채용 세제를 사용하거나 초음파 세척시 세균 감소율이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 파프리카, 딸기 및 토마토의 세균 및 기생충의 오염 정도를 조사한 결과 딸기에서 가장 많은 생물학적 오염을 보였으며, 이들 농산물들의 생물학적 오염 정도는 구입 매장별로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sawdust bedding barn on manure handing, management labour and physiological aspect of dairy cows, and then to establish the criteria on the optimum utilization method of sawdust bedding barn. 46 tie stall barns and 49 sawdust bedding barns were surveyed to cmopare the milk productivity between two different barns, and also 5 tie stall barns, 15 sawdust bedding barns and 1 rice hull bedding barn were selected to study the utilization situation of sawdust barn in Kyung-Ki province area. The major results obtained were as follows; 1. The roof material of sawdust barn were consisted of 66% vinyl house, 23% PVC light and 11% slate and galvanum coated tin. Most of the floor structure was earth ground with the rate of the approximately 82%. 2. The average occupied area of sawdust bed per cow was 15.2 $m^2$, depth that 30 cm and the utilization period was 12 months. 3. Milk Yield was significantly higher at sawdust barn than at tie stall barn(P<0.01). Bacterial and somatic cell count in raw milk were less at the sawdust barn than in tie stall barn. However, there was not significance difference between two barns. 4. The labour hour needed to cow management in the sawdust barn was approximately 48% of that of tie stall barn. 5. The temperature and moisture content measured in sawdust bed were closely affected by seasonal ambient temperature. The skin and hair of cow were much cleaner at the PVC light roofed sawdust barn than any other roof materials. 6. The additives used for improving of fermentation did not show any effect on temperature and moisture content in sawdust bed. When the ambient temperature was $30.4^{\circ}C$, the surface temperature of measured 1 cm above the sawdust bed was $12.2^{\circ}C$ lower and the temperature of 100 cm above the sawdust bed was $2.4^{\circ}C lower under shading net facility than that of vinyl roofed one.7. The hoof length of miking cow was 7.95 cm in tie stall and 9.19 cm in sawdust barn with high significance (P<0.01). And disease occurence such as mastitis and foot-rot tended to decrease in the sawdust barn. 8. The number of total bacteria and coliform bacteria were less in the sawdust bed compared with earth ground resting area. And a parasite strongyloides papillosus was detected but without any infected cow. 9. The nitrate($NO_3N$) content in non-roofed earth ground resting area and earth ground under the sawdust bed was likely to pollute the ground water. 10. In economic point of view, rice hull bedding barn was the cheapest among different systems. And in the sawdust bedding barn PVC light + slate roofed barn was most desirable, and vinyl roofed one the least.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

2003년 북제주 지역의 육상양식장에서 양식중인 넙치에서 새로운 타입의 스쿠티카섬모충을 분리하였다. 이 충은 환경에 따라 ciliate와 cyst로 변태하며 장기간 생존하였는데, ciliate stage의 크기는 영양상태가 양호한 시기 기준 평균 길이 41.8, 폭 21.0 ${\mu}m$ 이었으며, cyst stage는 평균 길이 17.0 ${\mu}m$, 폭 13.5 ${\mu}m$ 이었다. 변태하는 주 원인은 먹이 양이었다. 먹이가 부족하면 cyst로 변태하여 장기간 생존이 가능하며, 먹이가 풍부해지면 ciliate로 재변태하여 활발히 증식하였다. In vitro 배양시험 결과 MS BHI 배지에서 비브리오균 (V. lentus)을 먹이로 하여 15$^{\circ}C$에서 최고 2.9${\times}$105 ${m\ell}^{-1}$의 고밀도로 배양되었다. 환경에 대한 적응시험 결과 ciliate는 염분농도 1-55 ppt, 온도 2.5-30$^{\circ}C$, pH 6-9 범위에서 증식이 가능하였다. 특히 0$^{\circ}C$에서도 7일 이상 장시간 생존이 가능하여 환경에 대한 적응력이 매우 뛰어났다. cyst는 먹이가 없는 상태에서 장시간 생존이 가능하였는데, 5$^{\circ}C$에서는 320일 동안 생존하였으며 온도가 높아질수록 생존기간은 짧아졌다. 화합물을 이용한 in vitro 구제시험에서는 포르말린과 과산화수소 모두 200 ppm/1시간 약욕으로 구제효과가 있었으나 화합물의 약욕농도와 시간에 따라 효과가 달랐다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-28
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• 1974

The writers have conducted the investigation to assess the nutritional status of young rural Korean children aged from 0 to 4 years old in August 1971. The survey areas were Kaejong-myon. Daeya-myon, Okku-gun, Jeonra-bukdo, Korea. These survey areas were typical agricultural plain areas. The total numbers of children examined were 2,706 comprising 1,394 male and 1,312 female. The weight, height, and chest circumference of children were measured and means and standard deviations. were calculated for each measurement. In addition, the nutritional status of each child was classified by the four levels of malnutrition and the Gomez classification, The examination of red blood cell count, haematocrit value, and intestinal parasite infection were carried out at the same time. In general, recent work tend to suggest that environmental influences, especially nutrition, are of great importance than genetic background or other biological factors for physical growth and development. Certainly the physical dimensions of the body are much influenced by nutrition, particularly in the rapidly growing period of early childhood. Selected body measurements can therefore give valuable information concerning protein-calory malnutrition. Growth can also be affected by bacterial, viral, and parasitic infection. For the field workers in a developing country, therefore, nutritional anthropometry appears to be of greatest value in the assessment of growth failure and undernutrition, principally from lack of protein and calories. In order to compare and evaluate the data obtained, the optimal data of growth from the off-spring of the true well-fed, medically and socially protected are needed. So-called 'Standards' that have been compiled for preschool children in Korea, however, are based on measurement of children from middle or lower socio-economic groups, who are, in fact, usually undernourished from six months of age onwards and continuously exposed to a succession of infective and parasitic diseases. So that, the Harvard Standards which is one of the international reference standards was used as the reference standards in this study. Findings of the survey were as follows: A. Anthropometric data: 1) Comparing the mean values for body weight obtained with the Korean standard weight of the same age, the rural Korean children were slightly haevier than the Korean standard values in both sexes. Comparing with the Japanese children values, the rural Korean children were slightly haevier in male and in the infant period of female but lighter in female of the period of 1 to 4 years old than Japanese children. 2) Comparing the mean values for height obtained with the Korean standard height of the same age, the rural Korean children were taller than the Korean standard values except the second half of infatn period in both sexes. Comparing with the Japanese children, the rural Korean children were slightly smaller than Japanese children except the first half of infant peroid in both sexes. 3) Mear values of chest circumference of rural Korean children obtained were less than the Korean standard values of the same ages in both sexes. B. Prevalence of Protein-Calory Malnutrition: Children examined were devided into two groups, i. e., infant(up to the first birthday) and toddler (1 to 4 fears old). 1) Percentages of four levels of malnutrition: a) When the nutrtional status of each child was classified (1) by body weight value, the percentages for male and female of children attained standard growth were 52.8%(infant 83.3%, toddler 44.4%) and 39.7% (infant 74.5%. toddler 30.5%), the first level of malnutrition were 31.9%(infant 13.7%, toddler 36.9%) and 31.7%(infant 15.3%, toddler 36,0%), the second level of malnutrition were 12.3%(infant 1.7%, toddler 15.3%) and 23.3% (infant 7.7%, fodder 27.5%), the third level of malnutrition were 2.7%(infant 0.7%, toddler 3.2%) and 4.6%(infant 1.8%, toddler 5.3%) the fourth level of malnutrition were 0.3% (infant 0.7%, toddler 0.2%) and 0.7% (0.7% for infant and toddler) respectively. (2) by height value, the percentages for male and female of children attained standard growth were 80.3% (infant 97.3%, toddler 75.6%) and 75.1% (infant 96.4%, toddler 69.5), the first level of malnutrition were 17.9% (infant 2.0%, toddler 22.3%) and 23.6% (infants 3.6%, toddler 28.8%), the second level of malnutrition were 1.2% (infant 0.3%, toddler 1.5%) and 1.1% (infant 0%, toddler 1.4%), the third level of malnutrition were 0.4%(infant 0.3%, toddler 0.5%) and 0.2%(infant 0%, toddler 0.3%), the fourth level of malnutrition were 0.1%(infant 0%, toddler 0.1%) and 0% respectively. (3) by body weight in relation to height, the percentages for male and female of children attained standard growth were 87.9% (infant 77.6%, toddler 87.9%) and 78.2% (infant 77.4%, toddler 78.2%), the first level of malnutrition were 12.2% (infant 18.4%, toddler 10.6%) and 18.2% (infant 17.9%, toddler 18.3%), the second level of malnutrition were 1.9%(infant 3.3%, toddler 1.5%) and 3.0%(infant 3.3%, toddler 2.9%), the third level of malnutrition were 0.1%(infant 0%. toddler 0.1%) and 0.5% (infant 0%, toddler 0.6%), the fourth level of malnutrition were 0.1%(infant 0.7%, toddler 0%) and 0.3% (infant 1.5%, toddler 0%) respectively. b) When the nutritional status of each child according to the mother's age at perturition, i. e., young aged mother (up to 30 years old), middle aged mother (31 to 40 years old) and old aged mother (41 years or above) was classified (1) by body weight, among infants and toddlers, at each year of age, with increasing the mother's age, there was an increase in percentage of subjects underweight. This tendency of increasing percentage of underweight was more significant in the infant period than the toddler period. (2) by height value, no significant differences between each mother's age group were found. c) When the nutritional status of each child according to the birth rank, i. e., lower birth rank (first to third) and higher birth rank (fourth or above) was classified (1) by weight value, children of higher birth rank were slightly more often underweight than those of lower birth rank, but not significant. (2) by height value, no differences were found between children of lower and higher birth rank. 2) Gomez Classification: When the nutritional status of each child was classified a) by body weight value, the percentages for male and female of children. attained standard growth were 53.1% (infant 82.6%, toddler 44.9%) and 39.2% (infant 73.4%, toddler 30.1%), the first degree of malnutrition were 39.4% (infant 14.7%, toddler 46.2%) and 47.1% (infant 21.9%, toddler 53.8%), the second degree of malnutrition were 7.3%(infant 2.3%, toddler 8.6%) and 12.9% (infant 4.0%, toddler 15.2%). and the third degree of malnutrition were 0.2%. (infant 0.3%, toddler 0.2%) and 0.8% (infant 0.7%, toddler 0.9%) respectively. b) by height value, the percentages for male and female of children attained standard growth were 80.8% (infant 97.0%, toddler 76.3%) and 73.8%(infant 95.6%, toddler 68.0%), the first degree of malnutrition were 18.5% (infant 2.7%, toddler 22.9%) and 24.6% (infant 4.4%, toddler 30.0%), the second degree of malnutrition were 0.6%(infant 0.3%, toddler 0.7%) and 0.5% (infant 0.1%, toddler 0.7%), and the third degree of malnutrition were 0.1%(infant 0%, toddler 0.1%) and 1.1% (infant 0%, toddler 1.3%) respectively. C. Results of clinical laboratory examination: 1) Red blood cells: The ranges of mean red blood cell counts for male and female were $3,538,000/mm^3\;to\;4,403,000/mm^3\;and\;3,576,000/mm^3\;to\;4,483,000/mm^3$ respectively. The lowest red cell counts were seen at the age of 0-3 months for male and 1-2 months for female. 2) Haematocrit value : The ranges of haematocrit value of male and female were 35.1% to 38.8% and 34.7% to 38.8% respectively. The lowest haematocrit values were seen at the age of 2-3 months for male and 1-2, months for female. 3) The prevalence rates of intestinal parasites for male and female children with Ascaris lumbricoides were 34.1% (infant 18.8%, toddler 38.1%) and 36.0%(infant 18.4%, toddler 40.7%), with Trichocephalus trichiuris were 6.8% (infant 2.9%, toddler 7.9%) and 9.0% (infant 3.0%, toddler 10.6%), with Hookworm were 0.3% (infant 0.5%, toddler 0.2%) and 0.3% (infant 0.5%, toddler 0.3%), with Clonorchis sinensis were 0.4%(infant 0%, toddler 0.5%) and 0.1%(infant 0%, toddler 0.1%) respectively.