• 제목/요약/키워드: bacterial distribution

검색결과 406건 처리시간 0.043초

과영양성 시화호에서 박테리아의 분포 및 성장 (Distribution and Growth of Bacteria in the Hypertrophic Lake Shiwha)

  • 최동한;강석원;송기돈;허성회;조병철
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
    • /
    • 제2권2호
    • /
    • pp.92-100
    • /
    • 1997
  • 방조제 건설에 의해 1994년 형성된 시화호에서 1995년 10월부터 1996년 8월까지 박테리아 개체수 및 생산력의 분포에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 시화호는 6~20‰의 염분을 갖는 기수성 상층과 17~27‰의 염분 분포를 보이며 저산소/무산소 상태를 갖는 고염성 저층으로 나누어졌다. 시화호의 유광대에서 측정된 엽록소 a 농도는 1996년 3월(평균 13 ${\mu}g\;l^{-1}$)을 제외하면 조사 기간동안 27.6~249.5 ${\mu}g\;l^{-1}$로 높은 값을 보여, 대부분의 기간동안 과영양화된 특성을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 $^3H$-thymidine 고정법에 의해 측정된 박테리아 생산력은 $^{14}C$-leucine 고정법에 의해 얻어진 박테리아 생산력과 유사한 값을 보였다. 과영양화된 시화호 상층에서 박테리아 개체수와 생산력은 각각 $1.4{\sim}19.5{\times}10^9\;cells\;l^{-1}$$1.6{\sim}126.5{\times}10^7\;cells\;l^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ 범위의 값으로 부영양화된 시화 방조제 외측의 연안 환경에 비해 각각 2~4배와 2~30배 정도 높은 박테리아 개체수와 생산력을 보였다. 그리고 시화호 상층에서 박테리아 군집의 회전시간은 0.2~8.9일로 짧아, 박테리아가 과영양화에 적응하여 빠르게 성장하고 있음을 제시하였다. 한편 시화호 저층의 환경에서 박테리아 개체수와 생산력은 상층에 비해 각각 3배와 20배까지 낮은 값을 보여, 저산소 환경에서 박테리아가 느리게 성장함을 나타내었다. 시화호 상층에서 박테리아 개체수, 생산력과 군집회전시간은 수온과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내어, 수온이 박테리아의 분포 및 성장을 조절하는 중요한 요인임을 시사하였다. 그러나 여름에는 수온보다 기질의 공급에 의해 박테리아 생산력이 조절되는 듯한 양상을 보였다.

  • PDF

남극 해양에서 생물막 생성 초기 단계의 세균 군집 구조 변화 (Succession of bacterial community structure during the early stage of biofilm development in the Antarctic marine environment)

  • 이영미;조경희;황규인;김은혜;김민철;홍순규;이홍금
    • 미생물학회지
    • /
    • 제52권1호
    • /
    • pp.49-58
    • /
    • 2016
  • 부유 세균의 군집과 구별되는 생물막내 세균 군집은 다양한 수생태계에서 중요한 생태학적 역할을 수행한다. 자연계에서 생물막이 생태학적으로 중요함에도 불구하고, 남극 해양 환경에서 생물막 형성 과정 동안의 세균 군집 구조와 그들의 변화에 대한 연구는 수행되지 않았다. 본 연구에서, 남극 해양 환경에서 생물막 형성 초기 단계에서의 세균 군집 구조 변화를 16S rRNA 유전자의 pyrosequencing을 통해 수행하였다. 생물막내 전반적인 세균 군집은 주변의 해수의 군집과 매우 달랐다. 전체 세균 군집의 78.8%에서 88.3%를 차지한 Gammaproteobacteria와 Bacteroidetes의 상대적 풍부도는 생물막의 형성에 따라 급격하게 변하였다. Gammaproteobacteria는 생물막 형성 진행에 따라 증가하다가 (4일째에 75.7%), 7일째에 46.1%로 감소하였다. 반면, Bacteroidetes는 초기에서 중기로 갈수록 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 양상을 보이며, Gammaproteobacteria와 반대의 변화 양상을 나타내었다. 생물막 형성의 초기 과정에 우점 하는 OTU (>1%)들의 변화 양상은 시기에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. Gammaproteobacteria에 속하는 종의 경우, 4일째까지 증가한 반면, 첫째날 가장 우점 하였던 문인 Bacteroidetes에 속하는 종은 4일째까지 감소한 후, 다시 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 흥미롭게, Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis가 67.4%를 차지하며 우점 하였는데, 이는 생물막 형성에 이 종이 중요한 역할을 수행함을 시사하는 것으로 보인다.

상수도계통에서의 세균 분포 및 변화 (Bacterial Distribution and Variation in Water Supply Systems)

  • 박성주;조재창;김상종
    • 미생물학회지
    • /
    • 제31권3호
    • /
    • pp.245-254
    • /
    • 1993
  • 1991년 9월부터 1992년 9월까지 23회에 걸쳐 서울시 구의정수장의 상수도계통 즉 원수와 정수 및 이곳에서 공급되는 단일 배급수계통의 3개 수돗물에서 종속영양세균(heterotrophic plate count : HPC) 과 장내세균(Enterobacteriaceae : total coliforms) 의 분포를 조사하였다. $R_{2}A$ 한천배지에서의 종속영양세균수는 원수 $1.22{\times}10^{3}~3.05{\times}10^{5}$ 정수 $1.50{\times}10^{1}~4.29{\times}10^{3}$, 수돗물 $2~5.41{\times}10^{3}$ cfu/100ml, 수돗물 0-47.5 cfu/100 ml 의 범위였으며, m-T7 한천배지에서의 손상된장내세균을 포함하는 장내세균수는 전수 0-27, 수돗물 0-35 cfu/100 ml/의 범위였다. 이러한 결과로부터 정수장에서 공급된 물이 배급수관을 통하여 공급되면서 종속영양세균 및 장내세균의 개체수가 증가하는 세균재생장 현상이 발생한다는 것을 확인하였다. 종속영양세균의 동정결과 원수, 정수, 수돗물을 포함하는 상수도계통의 물에서는 Peudomonas 와 Acinetobacter 가 우점하였으나, 원수에서는 Pseudomonas 의 비율이, 그리고 정수와 수돗물에서는 Acinetobacter 의 비율이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 장내세균은 Enterobacter agglomerans 가 우점종이었으며, 수돗물에서는 정수에서 검출되지 않았던 Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae 등의 기회성 및 병원성 장내세균도 검출되었다.

  • PDF

클러스터 조사에 의한 마늘 세균점무늬병의 축차표본조사법 개발 (Development of Sequential Sampling Plan for Bacterial Leaf Blight of Garlic by Cluster Sampling)

  • 송정흡;양철준;양영택;심홍식;좌창숙
    • 식물병연구
    • /
    • 제21권4호
    • /
    • pp.268-272
    • /
    • 2015
  • 마늘 세균점무늬병은 국내에서 제주지역 난지형 마늘에서 Pseudomonas syringae pv. morri에 의해 발생하는 세균병해로 주요 병해 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 자연로그를 취한 이항분산에 대한 관측분산의 회귀모델인 binary power law를 이용하여 포장 내 병 발생의 공간분포 특성을 분석하였다. 회귀식의 기울기(b) 값이 1.361로 기준치인 1보다 커 세균점무늬병은 공간적으로 집중분포하고 있었다. 축차표본조사법은 평균이병주율($p_m$)의 추정과 요방제수준($p_t$) 이상 또는 이하 여부를 판단할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 본 연구결과는 기존의 조사지점수 고정 조사 방법에 비해 조사비용 면에서 더 효율적인 동시에 조사결과의 정확도를 더 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Analysis of Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure in Forest Soils Contaminated with Fuel Hydrocarbon

  • Ahn Jae-Hyung;Kim Mi-Soon;Kim Min-Cheol;Lim Jong-Sung;Lee Goon-Taek;Yun Jun-Ki;Kim Tae-Sung;Kim Tae-San;Ka Jong-Ok
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제16권5호
    • /
    • pp.704-715
    • /
    • 2006
  • Oil spill was found in 1999 from a diesel storage facility located near the top of Baekun Mountain in Uiwang City. Application of bioremediation techniques was very relevant in removing oil spills in this site, because the geological condition was not amenable for other onsite remediation techniques. For efficient bioremediation, bacterial communities of the contaminated site and the uncontaminated control site were compared using both molecular and cultivation techniques. Soil bacterial populations were observed to be stimulated to grow in the soils contaminated with diesel hydrocarbon, whereas fungal and actinomycetes populations were decreased by diesel contamination. Most of the dieseldegrading bacteria isolated from contaminated forest soils were strains of Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Rhodococcus species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that the profiles were different among the three contaminated sites, whereas those of the control sites were identical to each other. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of dominant isolates and clones showed that the bacterial community was less diverse in the oil-contaminated site than at the control site. Sequence analysis of the alkane hydroxylase genes cloned from soil microbial DNAs indicated that their diversity and distribution were different between the contaminated site and the control site. The results indicated that diesel contamination exerted a strong selection on the indigenous microbial community in the contaminated site, leading to predominance of well-adapted microorganisms in concurrence with decrease of microbial diversity.

An Improved Approach to Identify Bacterial Pathogens to Human in Environmental Metagenome

  • Yang, Jihoon;Howe, Adina;Lee, Jaejin;Yoo, Keunje;Park, Joonhong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제30권9호
    • /
    • pp.1335-1342
    • /
    • 2020
  • The identification of bacterial pathogens to humans is critical for environmental microbial risk assessment. However, current methods for identifying pathogens in environmental samples are limited in their ability to detect highly diverse bacterial communities and accurately differentiate pathogens from commensal bacteria. In the present study, we suggest an improved approach using a combination of identification results obtained from multiple databases, including the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database, virulence factor database (VFDB), and pathosystems resource integration center (PATRIC) databases to resolve current challenges. By integrating the identification results from multiple databases, potential bacterial pathogens in metagenomes were identified and classified into eight different groups. Based on the distribution of genes in each group, we proposed an equation to calculate the metagenomic pathogen identification index (MPII) of each metagenome based on the weighted abundance of identified sequences in each database. We found that the accuracy of pathogen identification was improved by using combinations of multiple databases compared to that of individual databases. When the approach was applied to environmental metagenomes, metagenomes associated with activated sludge were estimated with higher MPII than other environments (i.e., drinking water, ocean water, ocean sediment, and freshwater sediment). The calculated MPII values were statistically distinguishable among different environments (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the suggested approach allows more for more accurate identification of the pathogens associated with metagenomes.

Distribution Frequency of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Cutaneus Leishmaniasis Lesions

  • Ziaei, Hengameh;Sadeghian, Giti;Hejazi, SH
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
    • /
    • 제46권3호
    • /
    • pp.191-193
    • /
    • 2008
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. Secondary bacterial infections are one of the complications that can increase the tissue destruction and the resulting scar. To better determine the incidence of real secondary bacterial infections in CL, we designed the current study. This was a cross-sectional study performed in Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan, Iran. A total of 1,255 patients with confirmed CL enrolled in the study. Sterile swaps were achieved for ulcer exudates and scraping was used for non-ulcerated lesions. All samples were transferred to tryptic soy broth medium. After 24 hr of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ they were transferred to eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) and blood agar. Laboratory tests were used to determine the species of bacteria. Among 1,255 confirmed CL patients, 274 (21.8%) had positive cultures for secondary bacterial infections. The bacteria isolated from the lesions were Staphylococcus aureus in 190 cases (69.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 63 cases (23.0%), E. coli in 10 cases (3.6%), Proteus sp. in 6 cases (2.2%), and Klebsiella sp. in 5 cases (1.9%). The results show that the overall incidence of secondary bacterial infections in the lesions of CL was 21.8%, considerably high. The incidence of secondary bacterial infections was significantly higher in ulcerated lesions compared with non-ulcerated lesions.

Responses of Soil Rare and Abundant Sub-Communities and Physicochemical Properties after Application of Different Chinese Herb Residue Soil Amendments

  • Chang, Fan;Jia, Fengan;Guan, Min;Jia, Qingan;Sun, Yan;Li, Zhi
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제32권5호
    • /
    • pp.564-574
    • /
    • 2022
  • Microbial diversity in the soil is responsive to changes in soil composition. However, the impact of soil amendments on the diversity and structure of rare and abundant sub-communities in agricultural systems is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of different Chinese herb residue (CHR) soil amendments and cropping systems on bacterial rare and abundant sub-communities. Our results showed that the bacterial diversity and structure of these sub-communities in soil had a specific distribution under the application of different soil amendments. The CHR soil amendments with high nitrogen and organic matter additives significantly increased the relative abundance and stability of rare taxa, which increased the structural and functional redundancy of soil bacterial communities. Rare and abundant sub-communities also showed different preferences in terms of bacterial community composition, as the former was enriched with Bacteroidetes while the latter had more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. All applications of soil amendments significantly improved soil quality of newly created farmlands in whole maize cropping system. Rare sub-communitiy genera Niastella and Ohtaekwangia were enriched during the maize cropping process, and Nitrososphaera was enriched under the application of simple amendment group soil. Thus, Chinese medicine residue soil amendments with appropriate additives could affect soil rare and abundant sub-communities and enhance physicochemical properties. These findings suggest that applying soil composite amendments based on CHR in the field could improve soil microbial diversity, microbial redundancy, and soil fertility for sustainable agriculture on the Loess Plateau.

Evaluation of an Appropriate Replacement Cycle for Copper Antibacterial Film to Prevent Secondary Infection

  • Je, Min-A;Park, Heechul;Kim, Junseong;Lee, Eun Ju;Jung, Minju;Kim, Minji;Jeong, Mingyoung;Yun, Jiyun;Sin, Hayeon;Jin, Hyunwoo;Lee, Kyung Eun;Kim, Jungho
    • 대한의생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제28권3호
    • /
    • pp.195-199
    • /
    • 2022
  • The use of copper antibacterial films as an effective infection prevention method is increasing owing to its ability to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission. In this study, we evaluated the bacterial contamination of the antibacterial copper membrane attached to a door handle at a university over time. Six mounting locations with high floating population were selected. In three sites, the door handles with the antibacterial film were exposed, while the remaining three were not attached with the antibacterial films. On days 7 and 14, isolated bacterial strains were inoculated in BHI broth and agar, respectively. Colony-forming units (CFU) were determined after incubation. Strain identification was performed using bacterial 16s rRNA PCR and sequencing. Results showed that the bacterial population on day 14 significantly increased from 6 × 109 CFU/mL (day 7) to 2 × 1010 CFU/mL. Furthermore, strain distribution was not different between the on and off the copper antibacterial film groups. In conclusion, although copper has an antibacterial activity, microbial contamination may occur with prolonged use.