• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.811-815
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• 2001

The study evaluated different synthetic and semisynthetic media for maximal recovery of rumen bacteria and expression of their antibacterial activity. Rumen Glucose Cellobiose Agar (RGCA) medium was found to be the best for recovery of rumen bacteria. However, L-10 medium was the best for expression of antibacterial activity of ruminal isolates followed by Easy, M-10, RGCA and M-98-5 medium. The present study recommends the use of L-10 medium as the medium of choice for screening of antibacterial activity of ruminal isolates. Comparative evaluation of bacterial counts on different dietary regimes indicated significant difference between different growth media on a specific diet and between diets on specific growth media within a species. However, there is no overall significant difference between total bacterial counts obtained from rumen liquor of cattle and buffalo with respect to either the feeding regime or growth media. Feeding straw based diet to the animal is the best for high recovery of rumen bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2004

Changes in the soil bacterial community of a coniferous forest were analyzed to assess microbial responses to wildfire. Soil samples were collected from three different depths in lightly and severely burned areas, as well as a nearby unburned control area. Direct bacterial counts ranged from $3.3­22.6\times10^8\;cells/(g{\cdot}soil).$ In surface soil, direct bacterial counts of unburned soil exhibited a great degree of fluctuation. Those in lightly burned soil changed less, but no significant variation was observed in the severely burned soil. The fluctuations of direct bacterial count were less in the middle and deep soil lay­ers. The structure of the bacterial community was analyzed via the fluorescent in situ hybridization method. The number of bacteria detected with the eubacteria-targeted probe out of the direct bacterial count varied from $30.3\;to\;84.7\%,$ and these ratios were generally higher in the burned soils than in the unburned control soils. In the surface unburned soil, the ratios of $\alpha,\;\beta\;and\;gamma-proteobacteria,$ Cytoph­aga-Flavobacterium group, and other eubacteria groups to total eubacteria were 9.9, 10.6, 15.5, 9.0, and $55.0\%,$ respectively, and these ratios were relatively stable. The ratios of $\alpha,\;\beta\;and\;gamma-proteobacteria,$ and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group to total eubacteria increased immediately after the wildfire, and the other eubacterial proportions decreased in the surface and middle layer soils. By way of contrast, the composition of the 5 groups of eubacteria in the subsurface soil exhibited no significant fluctuations dur­ing the entire period. The total bacterial population and bacterial community structure disturbed by wildfire soon began to recover, and original levels seemed to be restored 3 months after the wildfire.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 1998

상업적 도계공정에서 탈모, 내장적출, 세척, 냉각 및 위생수 침지후 그리고 도매 및 소매의 저장동안 닭고기의 호기성 미생물에 대하여 평가하였다. 시료 분석은 1997년 12월부터 1998년 3월에 얻은 닭고기를 이용하여 실시하였다. 상업적 도계공정에서 닭고기의 물세척 및 10초 동안 25ppm 염소 침지는 각각 호기성 세균(APC) 및 그람음성세균(GNC)의 증식을 유의적(P<0.05)으로 억제하였다. 저장 4일후 소매점에서 얻은 닭고기는 도매점의 닭고기와 비교하여 호기성 세균 및 그람음성 세균의 유의적 (p<0.05) 증가를 보였다. 소매점에서 얻은 닭고기 날개는 다른부위들보다 세대시간(GT)의 감소(P<0.05)를 보였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.232-235
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• 2004

Since ready-to-use (RTU) products are not fully cooked, the shelf-life of the product is comparably short and the products are easily spoiled when contaminated with food-borne pathogens. Low-dose gamma irradiation of 0.5, 1, or 2 kGy effectively reduced the total aerobic bacterial counts in 2 Korean manufactured RTU products by 1.63 to 2.95 log CFU/g during cold storage. Irradiation at 2 kGy reduced the psychrotrophic bacterial counts in most of the samples to below the limit of detection (< log CFU/g). Irradiation at 0.5 kGy completely eliminated Escherichia coli from the commercial RTU samples.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2020

Blood eosinophil counts have emerged as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) biomarker that predict the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in clinical practice. Post-hoc and prospective analysis of randomized control trials have shown that higher blood eosinophil counts at the start of the study predict a greater response to ICS. COPD patients with frequent exacerbations (2 or more moderate exacerbations/yr) or a history of hospitalization have a greater response to ICS. Ex-smokers also appear to have a greater ICS response. Blood eosinophil counts can be combined with clinical information such as exacerbation history and smoking status to enable a precision medicine approach to the use of ICS. Higher blood eosinophil counts are associated with increased eosinophilic lung inflammation, and other biological features that may contribute to the increased ICS response observed. Emerging data indicates that lower blood eosinophil counts are associated with an increased risk of bacterial infection, suggesting complex relationships between eosinophils, ICS response, and the airway microbiome.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 제55회 추계심포지움 - 전환기 유가공 산업의 생존전략
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• pp.23-40
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the quality changes of the UHT(ultra-high temperature), LTLT(law temperature long time) and HTST(high temperature short time) treated milk samples by storage conditions for 6 months from August 2000 to February 2001. The UHT treated milk samples collected from 3 plants(A, B and C) were stored at l0$^{\circ}$C and room temperature(dark and light exposure) for 6 months, and the LTLT and HTST treated milk samples(D and E) were also stored for 30 days. The UHT pasteurized milk of A, B and C plant was treated at 130$^{\circ}$C for 2-3s, 133$^{\circ}$C for 2-3s and 135$^{\circ}$C for 4s, respectively. The UHT sterilized milk of A and B plant was treated at 140$^{\circ}$C for 2-3s and 145$^{\circ}$C for 3-4s, respectively. The LTLT milk of D plant was treated at 63$^{\circ}$C for 30 mins, and the HTST milk of E plant was treated at 72$^{\circ}$C for 15s. All of the raw milk samples collected from storage tank in 5 milk plants were showed less than 4.0 X 10$^5$cfu/ml in standard plate count, and normal level in acidity, specific gravity, and component of milk. Preservatives, antibiotics, sulfonamides and available chloride were not detected in both raw and heat treated milk samples obtained from 5 plants. One(10%) of 10 UHT pasteurized milk samples obtained from B plant and 2 (20%) of 10 from C were not detected in bacterial count after storage at 37$^{\circ}$C for 14 days, but all of the 10 milk samples from A were detected. No coliforms were detected in all samples tested. No bacteria were also detected in carton, polyethylene and tetra packs collected from the milk plants. A total of 300 UHT pasteurized milk samples collected from 3 plants were stored at room(3$^{\circ}$C ${\sim}$ 30$^{\circ}$C) for 3 and 6 months, 11.3%(34/300) were kept normal in sensory test, and 10.7%(32/300)were negative in bacterial count. The UHT pasteurized milk from A deteriorated faster than the UHT pasteurized milk from B and C. The bacterial counts in the UHT pasteurized milk samples stored at 10$^{\circ}$C were kept less than standard limit(2 ${\times}$ 10$^4$ cfu/ml) of bacteria for 5 days, and bacterial counts in some milk samples were a slightly increased more than the standard limit as time elapsed for 6 months. When the milk samples were stored at room(3$^{\circ}$C ${\sim}$ 30$^{\circ}$C), the bacterial counts in most of the milk samples from A plant were more than the standard limit after 3 days of storage, but in the 20%${\sim}$30%(4${\sim}$6/20) of the milk samples from B and C were less than the standard limit after 6 months of storage. The bacterial counts in the LTLT and HTST pasteurized milk samples were about 4.0 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ and 1.5 ${\times}$ 101CFU/ml at the production day, respectively. The bacterial counts in the samples were rapidly increased to more than 10$^7$ CFU/ml at room temperature(12$^{\circ}$C ${\sim}$ 30$^{\circ}$C) for 3 days, but were kept less than 2 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ CFU/ml at refrigerator(l0$^{\circ}$C) for 7 days of storage. The sensory quality and acidity of pasteurized milk were gradually changed in proportion to bacterial counts during storage at room temperature and 10$^{\circ}$C for 30 days or 6 months. The standard limit of bacteria in whole market milk was more sensitive than those of sensory and chemical test as standards to determine the unaccepted milk. No significant correlation was found in keeping quality of the milk samples between dark and light exposure at room for 30 days or 6 months. The compositions of fat, solids not fat, protein and lactose in milk samples were not significantly changed according to the storage conditions and time for 30 days or 6 months. The UHT sterilized milk samples(A plant ; 20 samples, B plant ; 110 samples) collected from 2 plants were not changed sensory, chemical and microbiological quality by storage conditions for 6 months, but only one sample from B was detected the bacteria after 60 days of storage. The shelflife of UHT pasteurized milk in this study was a little longer than that reported by previous surveys. Although the shelflife of UHT pasteurized milk made a significant difference among three milk plants, the results indicated that some UHT pasteurized milk in polyethylene coated carton pack could be stored at room temperature for 6 months. The LTLT and HTST pasteurized milk should be sanitarily handled, kept and transported under refrigerated condition(below 7$^{\circ}$C) in order to supply wholesome milk to consumers.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to examine whether administration of glutamine are able to prevent the NSAID induced bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation in the rats. The an imals with glutamine were fed with L-glutamine for 5 days before diclofenac administration (100 mg/kg orally). 48 hour after diclofenac administration, intestinal permeability, serum biochemical profiles, and malondialdehyde levels of ileum were measured for evaluation of gut damage. Also, enteric aerobic bacterial counts, number of gram-negatives in mesenteric Iymph nodes, liver, spleen and kidney and malondialdehyde levels in liver, spleen, kidney and plasma were measured. Diclofenac caused the gut damage, enteric bacterial overgrowth, increased bacterial translocation and increased lipid peroxidation. Co-administration of glutamine reduced the gut damage, enteric bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation induced by diclofenac. This study suggested that glutamine might effectively prevent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation in the rat.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2112-2118
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• 2017

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers ($9.85{\times}10^8CFU/ml$) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2002

배수관망에서의 박테리아 재 증식은 큰 현안문제로 대두되고 있으며 이를 억제하기 위한 염소소독 또한 발암성의 부산물인 THMs(trihalomethanes)등을 생성시킬 우려 때문에 미국에서는 오존살균처리 또는 나노여과 (nanofiltration) 법으로 대체해 오고 있다. 그러나 종래의 많은 bench scale 실험결과를 통해 이러한 처리 이후에 잔존하는 미량의 유기물(assimilable organic carbon)이 박테리아 재 증식에 계속하여 영향을 주고 있다는 결과가 AOC(assimilable organic carbon)와 박테리아 재증식의 상관관계를 통하여 밝혀지고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 이러한 연구결과를 full-scale규모의 현장시설에서 직접 검토한 예는 없다. 따라서 본 실험은 미국플로리다주에 위치한 두 지역의 full-scale배수관망 시설을 선정하여 실시하였다. 첫 번째 시설은 오존 살균처리를 그리고 다른 한곳은 나노여과와 석회 연수법 (lime softening)을 병행한 처리법을 사용하고 있다. 박테리아 증식은 R2A 배지를 사용하는 HPC(heterotrophic plate counts)법으로 평가했으며 오존이 공급된 배수관망에서의 HPC 는 각 셈플링 지점의 AOC값을 이용한 지수모델과 높은 상관관계가 있음이 판명되었다($R^2$=0.97). 또한 오존처리는 100%이상의 AOC 농도증가를 나타냈다. 나노여과법과 석회연수법을 병행하고 있는 시설에서도 AOC에 근거한 지수모델과 상관관계를 나타냈다($R^2$=0.75). 그러나 BDOC(biodegradable dissolved organic carbon)는 박테리아 증식에 있어 매우 낮은 상관관계 값을 표시했다($R^2$=0.11). 결과적으로 종래의 많은 bench scale실험결과와 같이 AOC는 배수관망에서의 박테리아 증식과 크게 상관관계를 갖고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2010

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mechanical irrigation in combination with mouthwash of antimicrobial agents on salivary bacterial counts. Materials and Methods: This study was performed with a randomized study employing a panel of 40 healthy volunteers (20 males and 20 females) between the age of 26 and 32 years. Volunteers were randomly put in one of four treatment groups. In the first group, 0.2 mL of non-stimulatory saliva was collected from every subjective person. Then, saliva was collected after rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX) for 1 minute. In the second group, non-stimulatory saliva was collected, and then saliva was collected after rinsing with CHX and irrigation with saline. In the third and fourth groups, the same procedures as the first and second groups were performed with povidone iodine (PVI) instead of CHX. All of these samples were cultured for 48 hours aerobically. The reduction rates of colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated for each group. The reduction rate between each group was tested statistically using student t-test. Results: Using CHX in combination with saline irrigation showed a significant decrease of the salivary bacterial CFU when compared with only using CHX.(P<0.01) And using PVI with saline irrigation showed a little decrease of the CFU when compared with only using PVI, but there was no statistical significance.(P>0.01) Conclusion: It was concluded that the CHX or PVI used with saline irrigation made the salivary bacterial counts reduced more than when CHX or PVI was used alone as an oral antiseptic agent.