• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.44-66
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• 2003

I. Background and Purpose Health Indicator system and measurement of health status are an important fields in national health fields. This study reviewed the overall concepts of health and health indicators, health indicator system. The purposes of this study are to build the conceptual health framework, and suggest a health indicator system, in order to correspond to the situation of national health and the demand of International organizations. II. Scope and Contents The scope of this study ; - Review of tile conceptual health framework, health indicators, and health Indicator system - Selection and development of tile new individual health indicators - Suggestion of tile revised health indicator system III. Results of Study This study intented to build the conceptual and framework of national health and provide the measurement tools of health status. This study developed the health indicator system through the conceptual and hierarchial approach to national health. The health indicator system contains 6 concern: areas and each sub-areas. The major concern areas are health state and behavior, deathㆍdiseaseㆍdisability, health care utilization, health resources, health expenditure and finance, other affecting factors on health. This health indicator system is corresponding to the situation of health status patterns and the demand of international organizations. And this health indicator system is considering the present health data production system and the availability of health data.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.431-438
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• 1999

The environmental control based on interactive thermoregulatory behavior for swine production has many advantages over the conventional temperature-based control methods. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare various feature selection methods using postural images of growing pigs under various environmental conditions. A color CCD camera was used to capture the behavioral images which were then modified to binary images. The binary images were processed by thresholding, edge detection, and thinning techniques to separate the pigs from their background. Following feature were used for the input patterns to the neural network ; \circled1 perimeter, \circled2 area, \circled3 Fourier coefficients (5$\times$5), \circled4 combination of (\circled1 ＋ \circled2), \circled5 combination of (\circled1 ＋ \circled3), \circled6 combination of (\circled2 ＋ \circled3), and \circled7 combination of (\circled1 ＋ \circled2 ＋ \circled3). Using the above each input pattern, the neural network could classify training images with the success rates of 96%, 96%, 96%, 100%, 100%, 96%, 100%, and testing images with those of 88%, 86%, 93%, 96%, 91%, 90%, 98%, respectively. Thus, the combination of perimeter, area and Fourier coefficients of the thinning images as neural network features gave the best performance (98%) in the behavioral classification.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.407-416
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• 1989

The prospect of live vaccines consisting of genetically modified vaccinia virus expressing foreign genes is exciting, but important issues concerning safety and efficacy need to resolved. Vaccinia virus (VV) is an efficient expression vector with broad host range infectivity and large DNA capacity. This vector has been particularly useful for identifying target antigens for humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The WHO smallpox eradication program, involving the extensive use of VV vaccines, resulted in the late 1970s in the elimination of one of the world's most feared diseases. This achievement is a triumph for preventive medicine and for international collaboration in public health. In 1980, WHO recommended that the routine use of smallpox vaccine should be stopped. Against this background, the prospect of li ve vaccines consisting of genetically modified VV expressing foreign antigens arising from the work of Moss, and Paoletti and their colleagues in 1982 has been greeted with enthusiasm. These investigators have shown that genes coding for immunogenic proteins can be inserted into VV DNA without impairing the ability of the virus to grow in cell culture. Moreover experimental animals infected with VV recombinants containing genes coding for a variety of immunizing proteins have been shown to be protected against challenge infection with the corresponding infectious agent. In this communication, I describe current progress in the construction of a novel plasmid vector that facilitate the insertion and expression of foreign genes in VV as well as the selection of recombinants.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2015

Background : To control ginseng gray mold, farmers have mainly used inorganic chemical based fungicides. The recent emergence of fungicide resistance has reduced the effectiveness of such control methods. Such pesticides also carry additional problems, such as diffuse pollution. Methods and Results : Six treatments of organic agricultural materials were tested for control of ginseng gray mold, CAPW (Chrysophanic acid + Phytoncide + Wood vinegar), EmEWV (Emodin + Ethanol + Wood vinegar), CEWV (Curcumin + Eugenol + Wood vinegar), Bacillus subtilis, soybean oil and sulfur. The control effect for gray mold by a single application of the agrochemical fungicide industrial Fenhexamid wettable powder (WP) was 84.4%. The control effect by CAPW, EmEWV and CEWV varied between 52.7 - 64.9%. The control effect by B. subtilis, soybean oil, and sulfur were 32.9 - 59.2%. Conclusions : In the field tests, CAPW showed the highest control effects when used before, and at first stage of disease incidence, against ginseng gray mold.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.503-507
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• 2011

Objective: This paper presents the factors influencing the effectiveness of materials handling equipments in agriculture. Background: Agriculture is one of the job categories where work-related musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) are the most common. Statistics shows that majority of farm workers is exposed to repetitive and forceful body movements, lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, or carrying heavy materials. In such a working environment, materials handling equipments are required and introduced to assist in the prevention of MSDs and other farm injuries. Method: Examples of materials handling equipments are rail carts, portable lifts, and bale handlers. Contributing factors influencing the effectiveness of materials handling equipments supplied in agriculture were identified based on the lessons learned from previous government-funded ergonomic projects. Results: Contributing factors identified include: (1) forward-looking attitude for the standardization of farming, its environments, and handling equipments, (2) participation of farm members in the process and evaluation of project, (3) leadership of project manager, (4) reinforcement of safety education and training, and (5) project selection and priority of handling equipment. Conclusion: Government-funded research planners, farmers, ergonomists, and farm machine experts are recommended to consider the factors identified when implementing materials handling equipments in agriculture. Application: Actual or potential application of this research includes recommendation for the effective implementation of material materials handling equipments in agricultural sectors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2000

Background: To review the experience that used both ventricular assist device(VAD) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) for children with congential heart disease requiring postcardiotomy mechanical circulatory support. Material and Method: Between March 1993 and May 1995, we applied mechanical assist device using centrifugal pump to the 16 patients who failed to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass(n=15) or had been in cardiogenic shock in intensive care unit(n=1). The diagnosis were all congenital heart diseases and the ages of patients ranged from 20 days to 10 years (mean age=2.5$\pm$3.5 years). Result: The methods of mechanical circulatory support were LVAD(n=13), BVAD (n=1), and ECMO(n=2). The mean assist times were 54.0$\pm$23.7 hours. Post-assist complications were in orders: bleeding, acute renal failure, ventricular failure, respiratory failure, infection, and neurologic complication. It was possible for 9 patients(56.3%) to be weaned from assist device and 5 patients(31.3%) were discharged from hospital. There was no statistical significant between hospital discharged group and undischarged group by age, body weight, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and assist time. Conclusion: The ventricular assist device is an effective modality in salvaging the patient who failed to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, but multiple factors must be considered for improving the results of mechanical circulatory support ; such as patient selection, optimal time of starting the assist device, and prevention and management of the complications.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.1-26
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• 1975

The present study is a literature survey aimed at . providing a means to improve the bibliographic apparatuses for Korean studies. The need for a study like this has proven urgent with the promotion of Korean studies both within and without in recent years. The study examines the social science literature on Korea produced in English between 1876 and 1945(A study is under way for literature since 1945 also). Selection of the titles for investigation was made on the basis of the relative importance of the works confirmed after reading book reviews and examining a variety of bibliographies. Each title selected was examined in terms of its subject matter, contribution to the discipline it belongs, references cited, relations with similar works in the field, and bibliographic features. Published books, dissertations both published or not published, and periodicals are included. Primarily a critical review it is also designed to provide background information on the present status of Korean studies and the historical development of Western studies on Korea. Special attenttion is given to the factors contributing to the foundations of the modern Western scholarchip on Korea in the late 19th century.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

As the usage of smart phones continues to increase, the control UI, which users have to continue to use, sometimes finds a heavy burden on users. Therefore, in this study, we have studied the control user interface structure along with the theoretical background of the control user interface, and we have studied the role and usage of the control component based on it. Typical commonly used controls are button controls for transmission, selection controls for various selections, link controls for navigation, text controls for inputting characters, indicator controls for feedback on progress, A message control that displays information about warnings and errors, and a window control such as a dialog box. The structure of the control should be designed according to the use of the separated control to help the user efficiently use the control user interface. Based on the analysis of the theoretical usage of representative components belonging to the separated controls, we presented a new and correct way to use the control to improve the user experience. The use of improved control components will help to design the control structure efficiently and to improve the user experience.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2000

Background and Purpose : Medical and Neurological complications in patients with acute stroke may affect their prognosis including death rate, function and admission period. Some of these complications may be preventable. But few data exist regarding complications occurring in the first weeks. So we sought to observe the type, timing, and frequency of complications in hospitalized patients after stroke. Methods : We retrospectively examined the case notes of patients admitted in Won Kwang Oriental Medical Hospital after stroke. Two observers inspected the case notes using predifined diagnostic criteria and recorded the type, timing, and frequency of complications that occurred during the inpatient period. Results : Complications were recorded in 43 patients(82.7%). The most common medical complications were constipation(25.0%) and shoulder pain(21.2%). The most frequent serious medical problems were pulmonary infection(9.6%) and UTI(7.7%). The most common neurological complications were insomnia(34.6%) and dysphagia(23.7%). The most frequent serious medical problem was mental deterioration(7.7%). Conclusion : Complications after acute stroke are common. There were more medical complications than neurological complications. So we should compile much knowledge about medical complications and treat them actively. The differences between our study and previous studies are attributable to the different methods including patient selection and diagnostic criteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.863-866
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• 2016

Background: Extensive efforts have been made to investigate c-KIT expression in lung cancer specimens and its correlation with clinical outcomes, but the issue remains unresolved. Thus, this study will be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of c-KIT expression in lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We will search Pubmed, SCOPUS, and ISI web of sciences with no restriction of language. Studies with any design (except case reports or case series) evaluating correlations of c-KIT expression with survival or outcome in patients with lung cancer will be included. The outcome measures will include all types of survival indexes, including overall survival rate and disease free survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazard ratios. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent researchers. Quality assessment (assessment of risk of bias) and data synthesis will be implemented using Stata software version 11.1. Results: No ethical issues are predicted. These findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences. Conclusions: This systematic review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number = CRD42015023391.