• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2011

천연 골재자원의 고갈로 인해 송배전관로 되메움재의 대체골재로서 재생 순환골재 이용에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 순환골재를 송매전관로 메움재로 적용하기 위해서는 물리적, 열적 특성 규명이 선행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 송배전관보 되메움재로 활용하기 위한 폐콘크리트 순환골재의 적용성을 평가하였다. 각 지역에서 채취한 순환골재와 대조군인 일반 강모래를 대상으로 실내다짐시험을 수행한 후, 비정상 열선법과 비정상 탐침법을 이용하여 열저항을 측정하였다. 저함수비 구간에서 비정상 탐침법을 이용한 열저항 측정값은 탐침관입에 따른 시료교란 효과로 인해 비정상 열선법보다 상대적으로 크게 측정되었다. 전체 순환골재의 열저항 측정 결과, 대조군인 강모래와 유사하게 함수비 증가에 따른 열저항의 감소를 보였다. 또한, 기존 열전도도(열저항) 예측 모델에 의한 열저항 예측값과 순환골재의 측정 결과를 비교하였으며, 순환골재에 열저항 예측에 적합한 예측식을 제안하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 재생 순환골재를 송배전판로 되메움재로 활용 가능함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2008

지열 냉난방 시스템은 친환경적이며 비고갈성인 지열 에너지를 이용함으로서 에너지 자원이 부족한 우리나라에 유용한 대체 에너지 시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 지중 열교환기의 뒤채움재로 사용되는 그라우트 재료의 열전달 및 점도 특성을 파악하고자, 국내 시공 현장에서 사용 중인 벤토나이트계 그라우트 9종과 충남 보령의 해성점토, 그리고 미국 등 선진국에서 사용 중인 시멘트계 그라우트를 선택하여 열전도도 실험과 점도실험을 수행하였다. 벤토나이트계 그라우트는 벤토나이트의 무게비가 증가 하거나 첨가제(천연규사)의 비율이 증가 할 때 열전도도와 점도가 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 또한, 첨가제 사용 시 그라우트의 점도가 낮을 경우 그라우트와 첨가제의 재료분리 현상이 나타났다. 해성점토에 대한 실험에서는 해성점토가 벤토나이트에 비해 팽윤성이 낮아 그라우트 재료로는 부적합 하다는 결론을 내렸다. 시멘트계 그라우트의 열전도도 실험에서 습윤 상태의 시멘트계 그라우트가 벤토나이트계 그라우트 보다 높은 열전도도를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 건조 상태로 변할 때 벤토나이트계에 비해 열전도도 감소폭이 작은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 그라우트의 함수비 유지가 지중 열교환기의 열전달 효율에 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1995

During excavation works for underground facilities, temporary tieback wall with earth anchor system was investigated for safety's sake. An excavation 9.7 meter deep was monitored by slope inclinometer in twelve measuring points. Instrumented lateral displacements of the wall during 177 days are represented. Especially, lateral displacements of the two positions under completely different condition are compared to investigate the effect of backfilling between soldier pile and the soil behind wall. The deformation behaviors of the wall according to both depth and elasped time are discussed. Finally, a numerical analysis by the program FLAC was performed, and calculated displacements are compared to measured ones.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

The GaAs bulk single crystals are grown by the Horizontal Bridgman method. During the growth, one of the problems in Bridgman method is the boat wetting between GaAs molten and silica boat. This boat wetting may result in another nucleation to form twin crystals. In this study, We find that the optimal size for sand blasting is 320 mesh. Backfilling the ampoule with argon gas during the vaccum bake-out decreaes the boat wetting. The reaction mechanism of Ga with quartz to produce suboxide, Ga2O, and sillion is discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2016

In this study, after the installation of a subsea pipeline, backfilling was performed in the trenched area. During these operations, a stability problem in the subsea pipeline occurred. The pipeline was directly impacted by environmental loading such as waves and currents that were caused by backfill material when scouring or sediment transport and siltation was carried out. Therefore, this study reviewed whether trenching was necessary, and conducted research into an indigenous seabed property that contains granular soil. A study of cohesive soil was also conducted in order to cross-correlate after calculating the values of the critical Shields parameter relevant to elements of the external environment such as waves and current, and the shear Shields parameter that depends on the actual shearing stress. In case of 1), sedimentation or erosion does not occur. In the case of 2), partial sedimentation or erosion occurs. If the case is 3), full sedimentation or erosion occurs. Therefore, in the cases of 1) or 2), problems in structural subsea pipeline stability will not occur even if partial sedimentation or erosion occurs. This should be reflected particularly in cases with granular and cohesive soil when a reduction in shear strength occurs by cyclic currents and waves. In addition, since backfilling material does not affect the original seabed shear strength, a set-up factor should be considered to use a reduced of the shear strength in the original seabed.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2015

Several fields of science have demanded large-scale workflow support, which requires thousands of CPU cores or more. In order to support such large-scale scientific workflows, high capacity parallel systems such as supercomputers are widely used. In order to increase the utilization of these systems, most schedulers use backfilling policy: Small jobs are moved ahead to fill in holes in the schedule when large jobs do not delay. Since an estimate of the runtime is necessary for backfilling, most parallel systems use user's estimated runtime. However, it is found to be extremely inaccurate because users overestimate their jobs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel system for the runtime prediction based on workload-aware clustering with the goal of improving prediction performance. The proposed method for runtime prediction of parallel applications consists of three main phases. First, a feature selection based on factor analysis is performed to identify important input features. Then, it performs a clustering analysis of history data based on self-organizing map which is followed by hierarchical clustering for finding the clustering boundaries from the weight vectors. Finally, prediction models are constructed using support vector regression with the clustered workload data. Multiple prediction models for each clustered data pattern can reduce the error rate compared with a single model for the whole data pattern. In the experiments, we use workload logs on parallel systems (i.e., iPSC, LANL-CM5, SDSC-Par95, SDSC-Par96, and CTC-SP2) to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. Comparing with other techniques, experimental results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy up to 69.08%.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

도시가스안전관리기준 통합고시에서는 도시가스배관 매설시 되메움 기초재료 및 침상재료로 모래 또는 19mm 이상의 큰 입자가 포함되지 않은 양질의 흙을 사용하도록 규정하고 있으나, 현장에서는 대부분 모래만을 사용하고 있는 실정이며, 이로 인해 육상모래 고갈 및 수급곤란 현상이 발생하고, 건설공사 비가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 되메움재가 배관에 미치는 영향을 연구하고 국내 외의 되메움재 사용실태를 조사한 후 "모래이외의 되메움 재료"에 대한 세부기준을 제시하였다. 본 조사 연구 자료는 정부에서 가스배관의 되메움재료에 관한 도시가스안전관리기준 통합고시 기준을 개정하는 데 일조 할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.407-415
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• 2019

A controlled low strength material (CLSM) is a highly flowable cementitious material used for trench backfilling. However, when applying vertical loads to backfilled trenches, shear failure or differential settlement may occur at the interface between the CLSM and natural soil. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the interface friction between the CLSM and soils based on curing time, gradation, and normal stress. The CLSM is composed of fly ash, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, sand, silt, water, and an accelerator. To investigate the engineering properties of the CLSM, flow and unconfined compressive strength tests are carried out. Poorly graded and well-graded sands are selected as the in-situ soil adjacent to the CLSM. The direct shear tests of the CLSM and soils are carried out under three normal stresses for four different curing times. The test results show that the shear strengths obtained within 1 day are higher than those obtained after 1 day. As the curing time increases, the maximum dilation of the poorly graded sand-CLSM specimens under lower normal stresses also generally increases. The maximum contraction increases with increasing normal stress, but it decreases with increasing curing time. The shear strengths of the well-graded sand-CLSM interface are greater than those of the poorly graded sand-CLSM interface. Moreover, the friction angle for the CLSM-soil interface decreases with increasing curing time, and the friction angles of the well-graded sand-CLSM interface are greater than those of the poorly graded sand-CLSM interface. The results suggest that the CLSM may be effectively used for trench backfilling owing to a better understanding of the interface shear strength and behavior between the CLSM and soils.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.952-957
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• 2004

Cut and Cover Method is generally used in shallow tunnels and tunnel entrances with thin soil cover. In this type of cons0truction, backfilling is considered to be the most important process. In this process even though the backfill material is thoroughly compacted, compaction and self-weight due to vehicular vibration and pressure exerted by the soil cause the backfill material to undergo self-compression which leads to settlement. The settlement of the backfill material subjects the tunnel lining under excessive earth pressure which cause cracking and deformation. In the model test performed installation of geotextile on the sides and top of the tunnel was able to reduce the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.331-338
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• 2001

The soil-steel bridges which were introduced in Korea recently are widely used instead of underpasses of highway or small bridges. This bridge is a kind of flexible buried conduit which sustain the applied load by the interaction with the backfill soil. The 6.25m din. round soil-steel bridge was instrumented so as to investigate the behavior of load sustenance, The axial forces and moments at the 7 locations around the metallic shell were calculated from the measurement of strains during backfilling. The maximum axial force and moment were compared with those of various design predictions. Finally, the stability of bridge was evaluated.