• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2004년도 제16회 한글.언어.인지 한술대회
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 백오프 통계 정보를 이용하여 일반적인 복합명사 뿐만 아니라 외래어 미등록어를 포함한 복합명사도 잘 분해하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 입력으로 형태소분석기가 내주는 많은 분석 후보들을 받는다. 단음절 명사를 포함한 분석 후보도 포함되므로 입력 분석 후보의 수는 대단히 많게 된다. 본 모듈의 주요 작업은 이 중에서 가장 좋은 분석후보를 선택하는 것이 된다. 미등록어가 포함된 경우 이에 부합되는 분석 후보를 잘 선택하는 시스템의 개발을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해서 본 시스템에서 사용하는 주요 정보는 단어간 어휘 바이그램 통계정보이다. 또한 외래어 미등록어의 인식 정확성을 높이기 위해 음절 바이그램 정보도 이용한다. 통계정보는 대량의 품사 태깅 말뭉치에서 추출하였다. 데이터 부족 문제를 해소하기 위해서 우리는 백오프(back-off) 평탄화(smoothing) 기법을 이용하였다. 미등록어가 포함된 복합명사의 분석 후보의 수를 줄이기 위한 기술도 연구하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권8B호
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• pp.712-721
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크에서 프로토콜 성능 극대화를 위해서 비동기식 MAC과 라우팅 교차 계층 방식의 향상된 위치 기반 데이터 전송 (Enhanced Geographic Forwarding; EGF) 기법을 제안한다. EGF 기법은 기존의 일반적인 위치 기반 전송 알고리즘과 달리 주기적인 이웃 노드들의 위치 정보 등을 이용하지 않고, 오직 소스와 목적지 노드의 위치 정보와 에너지 비용 정보만을 이용한 최적의 back-off 매핑 메커니즘을 사용하여 데이터를 전송한다. 또한 효율적인 MAC과 라우팅의 교차 계층 방식으로 오버헤드를 최소화하고 데이터 전달 성능을 최적화 하였다. 성능 분석 결과 패킷 전송 성공률, 저전력성 및 데이터 전송 지연에 대해서 향상된 성능을 확인하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2012

고속도로에서 교통사고가 발생하면 연쇄 추돌 사고를 예방하기 위해 주변 차량에게 안전 메시지를 브로드캐스트 해야 한다. 또한, 표본 개수의 증가는 메모리의 한계 때문에 추정치의 정확도가 낮은 문제점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 가우시안 모델에 백오프 알고리즘을 적용한 RVC 시스템을 제안한다. 그리고 이웃 노드 개수의 수집 채널, 데이터 채널, RSU 통신 채널로 분리하여 통신 지연을 예방하는 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 결과적으로, 기존 기법보다 제안된 프로토콜이 프레임 수신율의 약 10% 정도 개선되었음을 확인하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to design functional clothing based on the physical characteristics of old women. The subjects of this experiment were 5 healthy old women and 5 college women. While the subjects were exposed to the circumstances of $28{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and local heating at 7 areas (chest, abdomen, back, loin, hand, thigh and instep), their skin temperature, physiological reaction and psychological reaction were determined. The conclusions about the effects of local heating are as follows : 1. Skin temperature before heating was in the order of head-neck> trunk> upper limbs> lower limbs (Group A: old subjects) and head-neck> trunk> lower limbs> upper limbs (Group B: young subjects). 2. The heating pad was attached and detached for 30 minutes each. The sharpest rise and fall were recorded at 5 minutes with the pad on and off. Both groups had great changes in the body parts near trunk. 3. With the pad on and off, both groups showed no change in body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate. 4. Concerning the pervasive effects of local heating on whole body skin temperature, loin heating greatly increased other body parts in Group A. In Group B, the effects were large in heating chest, abdomen, back, loin, and thigh. 5. The loin part of old women has the greatest pervasive effect of local body heating.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

본 논문은 유무선 네트워크 환경에서 백오프 알고리즘을 적용하여 채널에 접근 충돌을 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. IEEE 802.16 환경에서 더블 백오프 사이즈가 열악한 환경에서도 동작점이 처음과 마지막 서비스가 동일하게 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 데이터 처리량의 증가, 지연의 편차 감소 그리고 랜덤액세스 프로토콜의 과부하 조건에서 성능 감소율 향상을 위해 IEEE 802.16 환경에 적응 할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과 본 논문에서 제시한 알고리즘이 기존네트워크 보다 처리속도가 향상되었다. 또한 낮은 패킷의 포화상태에서도 손실이 적음을 확인 할 수 있었고, 기존네트워크 보다 포화 상태가 연장이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.347-357
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• 1996

Although occupational low back pain accounts for $20\sim40%$ of all occupational illness and injury, there are limited numbers of studies regarding the effectiveness of back school program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic benefit of back school program for early return to work of occupational low back pain patients in the current occupational injury compensation and management system. The cost-benefit analysis in this study was conducted to evaluate the relative magnitude of benefit to cost. The total cost was estimated by calculating the value of components in back school program according to governmental budget protocol. The back school program was consisted of three major approaches, pain center, work-hardening program and funcional restoration program and each of components had various facilities and experts. The total amount of cost was estimated as 250,866,220 won per year. The most promising type of back school program were quite intensive (a 3 to 5-week stay in a specialized center), therefore, if we adopted the 5-week stay course, 10 courses could be held in a year. Following to the medical act, 20 patients per doctor could participate in a each course, ie, total 200 patients in a year. As a result, we could estimate the cost of 1,254,331 won a patient. We estimated the benefit by using data of a few local labor offices about average medical treatment beneficiary and off-duty beneficiary of 46 occupational low back pain patients in 1994. Ullman and Larsson (1977) mentioned that the group of chronic low back pain patients who participated in back school program needed less time to recover by 48.4% of beneficiary duration. And in the trying to estimate the benefit, we asked 10 rehabilitation board certificate doctors about reduction proportion of treatment cost by introducing back school program. The answered reduction proportions were in the range of $30\sim45%$, average 39%. As a final result, we could see that the introduction of back school program in treatment of chronic occupational low back pain patients could produce the benefit to cost ratio as 3.90 and 6.28. And we could conclude that the introduction of back school program was beneficial to current occupational injury compensation and management system.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2007

In applying LCD to TV application, one of the most significant factors to be improved is image sticking on the moving picture. LCD is different from CRT in the sense that it's continuous passive device, which holds images in entire frame period, while impulse type device generate image in very short time. To reduce image sticking problem related to hold type display mode, we made an experiment to drive TN-LCD like CRT. We made articulate images by turn on-off backlight, and we realized the ratio of Back Light on-off time by counting between on time and off time for video signal input during 1 frame (16.7 ms). Conventional CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent lamp) cannot follow fast on-off speed, so we evaluated new fluorescent substances of light source to improve residual light characteristic of CCFL. We realized articulate image generation similar to CRT by CCFL blinking drive and TN-LCD overdriving. As a result, reduced image sticking phenomenon was validated by naked eye and response time measurement.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.163-180
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• 2003

This paper aims at collecting the guantitative data of kenematic variables by analysing the gait patterns of the normal adult men and the handicapped. The gait motions were taped with 4 video cameras, the cinematographic analyses were performed by the DLT technique of three dimensional image treatment. The following results were obtained in the analysis of the variables: 1. The ratio of stance time and swing time did not show any significant difference in the groups of the normal men and the handicapped when both foot of the former and the right feet of the latter were compared. The stride peeriod time of these two groups were 1.12 and 1.11 second, respectively. 2. In the handicapped group, the step width was wider, the step length and stride length were shorter, and especially, the step length of the right foot was shorter, 3. The small vertical displacement of left toes of the handicapped group showed that the heal contact and the left midstance are almost simultaneous. 4. The two groups have almost the same horizontal displacement of the center of gravity and the same vertical rate of extension. In view of the velocity of the center of gravity the normal adults showed the constant speed of movement. However, the handicapped adults were reduced from the right midstance to the right toe-off. 5. The handicapped showed prominently low angle on the left toe-off in the ankle joint angle, they also had the tendency to walk in the patterns of extended knee in the knee joint angle. Both the handicapped and the normal had the hyperextension on the toe-off in the hip joint angle. In the back and front angle of body, both showed the slightly back-sided walking positions. 6. Both groups had the abduction of both feet in foot placement angle, but the handicapped did not show serious abduction of left midstance.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 통신소사이어티 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.302-305
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• 2003

3GPP RLC protocol specification adopted an error control scheme based on selective repeat ARQ. In the 3GPP ARQ, distinctive windows are provided at transmitting and receiving stations so that those stations are prohibited to send or receive data PDU's out of window. An increase in window size enhances delay performance. Such an increase, however, raises the occupancy at re-ordering buffer, which results in a long re-ordering time. Aiming at suppressing the occupancy at re-ordering buffer, we propose partial go back N scheme in this paper In the partial go back N scheme, the receiving station regards all data PDU's between the first (lowest sequence numbered) error-detected PDU and last (highest sequence numbered) error-detected PDU. By the employment of the partial go back N scheme, the occupancy at the re-ordering buffer is apparently reduced, while the delay and throughput performance may be degraded due to the remaining properties of go back N. We thus consider peak occupancy of re-ordering buffer, mean sojourn time at re-ordering buffer, mean delay time, and maximum throughput as measures to evaluate tile proposed scheme and investigate such performance by using a simulation method. From numerical examples, we observe a trade-off among performance measures and conclude that the partial go back N scheme is able to effectively reduce the occupancy of re-ordering buffer.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

To produce cupped oyster sprat consistently, we investigated the efficiency of nine settlement substrates using selective breeding of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, with the goal of popularizing off-bottom culture on the west coast of Korea. We also compared the growth and survival of selectively bred sprat (diploid) with triploid sprat from an off-bottom culture system. Considering, the attachment rate and detachment efficiency, producing cupped oyster in a polypropylene gunny bag proved to be the most effective method. There were no differences in shell growth or total weight between the diploids from selective breeding and triploids from off-bottom culture for 5 months. However, the survival rate was 8 times higher in the diploids than the triploids. Transplanting sprat from selective breeding is one way to restore oyster farms and nurture off-bottom culture along the west coast.