• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.124.2-124.2
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• 2011

현재 박막형 태양전지는 실리콘계가 주류를 이루고 있으며, 유리기판 또는 유연성 기판에 비정질 실리콘 박막을 형성시킨 태양전지와 실리콘 기판 양면에 태양전지를 형성하는 방법 등 효율을 극대화시킨 이종접합 태양전지 등이 연구되고 있다. 예컨대 밴드갭이 서로 다른 박막들 간의 이종접합을 이용한 tandem 구조 및 triple 구조의 Si 박막 태양전지의 경우 13%대 변환효율을 나타낸다고 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 비정질 Si 박막 태양전지 내 흡수층의 효율을 최대화하기 위하여 AZO/Ag 이중구조 박막의 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하고자 한다. combinatorial sputtering system을 이용하여 AZO/Ag 이중구조 박막을 제작하였으며 타겟으로는 4-inch target(Ag, 2wt% Al2O3 doped ZnO)이 사용되었다. 유리기판 상에 combinatorial sputter system으로 상온에서 제작된 Ag 박막의 두께는 25nm로 성장시켰으며 연속공정으로 AZO 박막을 제작하였고, AZO 박막은 100~500nm의 두께경사를 나타내었다. 이 때 유리기판상에 성장된 Ag/AZO 박막의 면저항은 약 $2{\Omega}/{\Box}$ 값을 나타내었다. 본 발표에서는 AZO/Ag 이중 구조 박막의 우수한 전기적 특성을 기반으로 표면 거칠기 및 반사도 특성 등에 관하여 추가적으로 토론한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.157-159
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• 2009

LED BLU(Back Light Unit), based on MCPCB(Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) with anodizing oxide dielectric layer and improved thermal dissipation property, are presented. Reflecting cups were also formed on the surface of the MCPCB such that optical coupling between neighboring chips were minimized for improving the photon extraction efficiency. LED chips were directly attached on the MCPCB by using the COB (Chip On Board) scheme.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

In this paper, the water quality forecast was performed on the BOD of the Chungju Dam using the ARIMA model, which is a nonlinear statistics model, and the artificial neural network model. The monthly data of water quality were collected from 1991 to 2000. The most appropriate ARIMA model for Chungju dam was found to be the multiplicative seasonal ARIMA(1,0,1)(1,0,1)$_{12}$, model. While the artificial neural network model, which is used relatively often in recent days, forecasts new data by the strength of a learned matrix like human neurons. The BOD values were forecasted using the back-propagation algorithm of multi-layer perceptrons in this paper. Artificial neural network model was com- posed of two hidden layers and the node number of each hidden layer was designed fifteen. It was demonstrated that the ARIMA model was more appropriate in terms of changes around the overall average, but the artificial neural net-work model was more appropriate in terms of reflecting the minimum and the maximum values.s.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

LED BLU(Back Light Unit), based on MCPCB(Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) with anodizing oxide dielectric layer and improved thermal dissipation property, are presented. Reflecting cups were also formed on the surface of the MCPCB such that optical coupling between neighboring chips were minimized for improving the photon extraction efficiency. LED chips were directly attached on the MCPCB by using the COB (Chip On Board) scheme.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2009

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive material because of their superior electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Furthermore, their geometric features such as a large aspect ratio and a small radius of curvature at tip make them ideal for low-voltage field emission devices including backlight units of liquid crystal display, lighting lamps, X-ray source, microwave amplifiers, electron microscopes, etc. In field emission devices for display applications, the phosphor anode is positioned against the CNT emitters. In most case, light generated from the phosphor by electron bombardment passes through the anode front plate to reach observers. However, light is produced in a narrow depth of the surface of the phosphor layer because phosphor particles are big as much as several micrometers, which means that it is necessary to transmit through the phosphor layer. Hence, a drop of light intensity is unavoidable during this process. In this study, we fabricated a transparent cathode back plate by depositing an ultra-thin film of single walled CNTs (SWCNTs) on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate. Two types of phosphor anode plates were employed to our transparent cathode back plate: One is an ITO glass substrate with a phosphor layer and the other is a Cr-coated glass substrate with phosphor layer. For the former case, light was radiated from both the front and the back sides, where luminance on the back was ~30% higher than that on the front in our experiments. For the other case, however, light was emitted only from the cathode back side as the Cr layer on the anode glass rolled as a reflecting mirror, improving the light luminance as much as ~60% compared with that on the front of one. This study seems to be discussed about the morphologies and field emission characteristics of CNT emitters according to the experimental parameters in fabricating the lamps emitting light on the both sides or only on the cathode back side. The experimental procedures are as follows. First, a CNT aqueous solution was prepared by ultrasonically dispersing purified SWCNTs in deionized water with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A milliliter or even several tens of micro-liters of CNT solution was deposited onto a porous alumina membrane through vacuum filtration. Thereafter, the alumina membrane was solvated with the 3 M NaOH solution and the floating CNT film was easily transferred to an ITO glass substrate. It is required for CNT film to make standing CNTs up to serve as electron emitter through an adhesive roller activation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.125.1-125.1
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• 2011

빛 에너지를 전기에너지로 변환하는 발전소자인 태양전지는 청정 재생 에너지원으로 최근 Si 박막 태양전지의 고 효율화를 위해 여러 기술적인 면에서 개발되어지고 있다. 현재 박막형 태양전지는 실리콘계가 주류를 이루고 있으며, 유리 혹은 유연성기판(금속 or 고분자)에 비정질 실리콘 박막을 형성시킨 태양전지와 실리콘웨이퍼의 양면에 태양전지를 형성함으로써 효율을 극대화시킨 이종접합태양전지 등이 연구되고 있다. 특히 flexible 태양전지는 hard 기판에 비해 비교적 저가인 플라스틱 필름과 금속 foil을 기판으로 이용함으로서 저가화가 용이하며, 가볍고 유연성을 갖추고 있어 휴대와 시공에 있어 매우 우수한 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 flexible 기판(stainless steel)을 이용하여 태양전지 내 반사막 층이 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 AZO/Ag 이중구조 박막의 특성을 연구하였다. RF magnetron sputtering system을 이용하였으며, 상온에서 Ag/AZO 이중구조 박막을 제조하였다. stainless steel 기판 위에 Ag층을 25nm 두께로 증착하였으며 연속공정으로 AZO 박막을 100~500nm의 두께경사를 가지도록 성장시켰다. 이 때의 AZO/Ag 이중구조 박막의 표면 morphology는 AFM 분석결과 7nm~3nm의 값을 나타내었으며, AZO 박막의 두께가 증가할수록 rms 값이 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 본 발표에서는 flexible 기판 상에 성장된 AZO/Ag 이중구조 박막의 전기적, 광학적 특성 등에 관하여 추가적으로 토론한 후 태양전지 효율 중 흡수층 내 반사막 층이 미치는 역할을 알아보겠다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.236-248
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• 2004

This study was carried out to propose improvement planting method by the research and analysis of planting concept, planting density, planting style and pattern in apartment complex, Seoul. Survey sites were selected by reflecting the change of green area ratio : Hawgok Jugong apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1974), Samik-green apartment complex, Gangdong-gu(1980), Dongsindaea apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1992). Green area in apartment complex was classified with front green area, side green area, and back-side green area. Planting concept that composed of landscape planting concept but anyother concept was not, was similar to all sites not differ from creation time. And planted species was not differ from planting style. Planting density was of both conopyㆍunder story layer was 0.0∼0.2 tree/$m^2$, and that of shrub layer was 0.0∼0.5 tree/$m^2$ Shrub layer planting density was insufficient and the density was not changed according to the creation time. Canopyㆍunderstory and shrub was planted to another green space, not concern with multi-layer structure. Planting pattern was utilized to single planting, linear planting, and random triangle planting, but it was not to the change that in each green space planting concept. Green area in apartment complex should be variety according to planting density, planting structure and planting pattern. And we should get the function of covering and beauty in case of front green space, that of ecological environment and increasing green volume in case of back-side green area, that of increasing green volume in case of side green area, apartment complex.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.311-311
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• 2009

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) belong to an ideal material for field emitters because of their superior electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties together with unique geometric features. Several applications of CNTs to field emitters have been demonstrated in electron emission devices such as field emission display (FED), backlight unit (BLU), X-ray source, etc. In this study, we fabricated a CNT cathode by using filtration processes. First, an aqueous CNT solution was prepared by ultrasonically dispersing purified single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) in deionized water with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The aqueous CNT solution in a milliliter or even several tens of micro-litters was filtered by an alumina membrane through the vacuum filtration, and an ultra-thin CNT film was formed onto the alumina membrane. Thereafter, the alumina membrane was solvated by acetone, and the floating CNT film was easily transferred to indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate in an area defined as 1 cm with a film mask. The CNT film was subjected to an activation process with an adhesive roller, erecting the CNTs up to serve as electron emitters. In order to measure their luminance characteristics, an ITO-coated glass substrate having phosphor was employed as an anode plate. Our field emitter array (FEA) was fairly transparent unlike conventional FEAs, which enabled light to emit not only through the anode frontside but also through the cathode backside, where luminace on the cathode backside was higher than that on the anode frontside. Futhermore, we added a reflecting metal layer to cathode or anode side to enhance the luminance of light passing through the other side. In one case, the metal layer was formed onto the bottom face of the cathode substrate and reflected the light back so that light passed only through the anode substrate. In the other case, the reflecting layer coated on the anode substrate made all light go only through the cathode substrate. Among the two cases, the latter showed higher luminance than the former. This study will discuss the morphologies and field emission characteristics of CNT emitters according to the experimental parameters in fabricating the lamps emitting light on the both sides or only on the either side.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2002

In this dissertation, We demonstrated the Travel Time forecasting model in the freeway of multi-section with regard of drives' attitude. Recently, the forecasted travel time that is furnished based on expected travel time data and advanced experiment isn't being able to reflect the time-lag phenomenon specially in case of long distance trip, so drivers don't believe any more forecasted travel time. And that's why the effects of ATIS(Advanced Traveler Information System) are reduced. Therefore, in this dissertation to forecast the travel time of the freeway of multi-section reflecting the time-lag phenomenon & the delay of tollgate, we used traffic volume data & TCS data that are collected by Korea Highway Cooperation. Also keep the data of mixed unusual to applicate real system. The applied model for forecasting is consisted of feed-forward structure which has three input units & two output units and the back-propagation is utilized as studying method. Furthermore, the optimal alternative was chosen through the twelve alternative ideas which is composed of the unit number of hidden-layer & repeating number which affect studying speed & forecasting capability. In order to compare the forecasting capability of developed ANN model. the algorithm which are currently used as an information source for freeway travel time. During the comparison with reference model, MSE, MARE, MAE & T-test were executed, as the result, the model which utilized the artificial neural network performed more superior forecasting capability among the comparison index. Moreover, the calculated through the particularity of data structure which was used in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

This study was carried out to propose the improved method by analyzing the change of green space arrangement and planting structure of apartment complexes in Seoul. 12 survey sites, which have obvious differences, were selected by reflecting the change of floor area ratio, underground parking place, and green space ratio. We divided the survey sites into four types that high green ratio(over 40%) apartment on natural ground, low green ratio(under 40%) apartment on natural ground, low green ratio(under 40%) apartment on artificial ground, and high green ratio(over 40%) apartment on artificial ground each period based on green space ratio and ground structure, plant crown volume, planting density, and planting pattern. The main factors of change of green space arrangement were green space ratio and ground structure. The Green space ratio was changed by the floor area ratio with constructing underground parking place and floor area ratio was adjusted by government policy and economic status. Average width of front green area has been changed from 10.0m in high green ratio apartment on natural ground for 3.5m, 2.7m, and 4.5m each period. The average width of the buffer green area has been changed from 15.0m in high green ratio apartment on natural ground of 7.7m, and 2.7m by extending parking place in the low green ratio apartment of artificial ground, so buffer green areas have been reduced and disconnected. So buffer green area in apartment complexes has been extended that the average width of the buffer green area was 3.8m caused by growing recognition of green since 2001. The ratio of native plant in canopy layer was increased from 45.1 % in the case of the high green ratio apartment of natural ground in 1980~1983 to 55.6%. Average plant crown volume increased from $1.27m^3/m^2$ in high green ratio apartment on natural ground for $3.47m^3/m^2$ in a low green ratio apartment on natural ground. But average plant crown volume is $0.27m^3/m^2$ in the high green ratio apartment of the artificial ground plant density of canopy layer was changed from 5 individuals per $100m^2$ to 14.5 individuals per $100m^2$. We should construct the buffer green area with natural ground and get the function of ecological and beautiful environment regarding to garden concept in case of front green area, width 4.5m. We should get the function of increasing green volume by multi-layer planting with shade woody species and flower woody species in case of back-side green area, width over 5.0m. We should get the function of covering the wall and increasing green landscape by planting with high woody species in case of side green area. We should apply the ecological planting technique to buffer green area and connect buffer green area to inner green area in apartment complexes.