• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

A string wallcovering is a kind of textile wallcovering which is made of cellulose fiber yarn laminated on base paper. Compared with normal paper or PVC wallpaper, a string wallcovering is preferred continually in the interior design market, as it is not only environmentally friendly but it also has less cost on mass production without the weaving process and has a natural visual effect, excellent functionality such as thermo keeping, permeability, sound absorption. However, in the dyeing process, it is not appropriate to use plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals considering the environmental trend and the government policy plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals. Currently, a string wallcovering is made of raw white yarn and padding with direct dye or pigment which includes toxic elements, especially the use of direct dye is restricted in a part of the developed country due to inclusion of azo. In this study, we researched dyeing based on cold pad batch dyeing of a string wallcovering with reactive dyestuff. The peel strength and bending depth test confirmed that the optimum adhesive type and spread amount improved the water resistance of the string wallcovering. Also, pad batch dyeing with optimum reactive dyestuff enhanced the color fastness to light and rubbing in dry and wet conditions. Additionally, for improvement of color fastness to rubbing in a wet condition, the additional treatment finishing without soaping process which is used water. The results of this study can be used as basic data for environmentally friendly and energy saving of the textile wallcovering.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.24-24
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• 2001

Kinetics and mechanism for alkaline hydrolysis of C. I. Disperse Blue 79(B-79) which is 4-N, N-diacetoxyethyl-2-acylamino-5-ethoxy -2′-bromo-4′,6′-dinitroazobenzene were investigated. The color strength of B-79 in acetone/water solutions of various NaOH concentrations decreased continuously. The hydrolysis rate of B-79 increased with increasing alkali concentration and appeared following first order reaction. The observed rate constants for various concentrations of B-79 showed similar values, and B-79 was hydrolyzed by first order reaction for dye concentration. Therefore, it was confirmed that the overall reaction follow second order kinetics and proceed via S/sub n/2 reaction. From the study on kinetics and spectrometric analysis, it was proposed that the rate determining step of the hydrolysis reaction of B-79 is the nucleophilic substitution reaction - that is the reaction of the rapid attack of $OH^{-}$ on the carbon atom, which is in acceptor ring, adjacent to azo group to break the C-N bond. And it was also found that the final hydrolysis products of B-79 include both the acceptor ring in the form of sodium salt and the donor ring possessing 4-N,N-dihydroxyethyl group converted from 4-N,N-diacetoxyethyl group.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2013

본 연구는 아질산성 질소의 간이분석을 위한 기초 연구로 수행되었다. 수중 질소는 부영양화를 유발하는 암모니아, 아질산 및 질산으로 주로 구성되어 있다. 질소화합물을 제거하기 위한 많은 연구들이 진행되었고, 이에 따른 분석기술도 발달했다. 현장 모니터링을 위한 간이 분석방법의 개발은 수질관리를 위해 필요하므로, 본 연구는 아질산성 질소의 현장 분석법 개발을 위해 진행되었다. BCDMA와 바이페닐로 코팅된 PVC 흡착 칼럼을 이용한 아질산성 질소 분석의 기초 연구를 수행하였다. 흡착칼럼내의 흡착제는 4~20 $mgNO_2-N/L$ 범위내에서 발색길이를 나타내었고, 흡광도는 pH의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.500-508
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• 1999

Several white-rot fungi collected from the mountains of Korea were evaluated for their ability to decolorize azo, polymeric, and reactive dyes. Strains CJ-105, CJ-212 and CJ-315, identified as Trametes sp., Pleurotus sp. and Fomes sp., respectively, showed higher potential for decolorization of those dyes in either solid or liquid media. For Trametes sp. CJ-105, 100ppm of Remazol Brilliant blue R and 500ppm of Acid Red 264 were completely decolorized after 2 days under liquid culture. The dominating ligninolytic enzyme existing in the culture broth was laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2). Also, Pleurotus sp. CJ-212 and Fomes sp. CJ-315 showed similar patterns in decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Acid Red 264. The extent of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic enzymes produced by each strain. In addition to that Trametes sp. CJ-105 was highly effective in degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol by the activity of the ligninolytic enzymes produced. In this study, we found that white-rot fungi, Trametes sp. CJ-105(KFCC 10941), Pleurotus sp. CJ-212(KFCC 10943) and Fomes sp. CJ-315(KFCC 10942), were effective in decolorizing a wide range of structurally different synthetic dyes, as well as some chemical compounds which are known to be hardly degradable.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.235-239
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• 1971

The effects of folic acid on the oral mucosa of albino rats were histochemically studied in the twenty four male rats, weighing abut 100gm. Seven groups of 3 each were injected with 0.2ml folic acid (folic acid 0.5mg. was dissolved in physiological saline 0.2ml) subcutaneously, during 1,2,3,5,7,10 and 14 days respectively. Oral mucosa of rats sere removed from upper molar region and fixed in 10% formalin, cold absolute alcohol, Carnoy's solution and acetone. The serial sections were histochemically stained by McManu's PAS reaction, Mowry's metachromasia, alloxan-Schiff reaction, and azo dye method for alkaline phosphatase. The comparative staining method was hematoxylin-eosin stain. The results were as follows: 1) Alkaline phosphatase reaction of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum tended to increase after 7 and 10 days of folic acid administration. 2) PAS reactions of basement membrane and lamina propria increased after folic acid administration. 3) Metachromasia of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum were slightly increased after 3,5 and 7days of folic acid administration and returned to the level of Control after 10 days. 4) In the oral mucosa, alloxan-Schiff reaction increased after 7 days of folic acid administration.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1996

In resist-discharge printing of cotton fabrics with reactive/reactive dyes the effects of both resist agents, benzaldehyde sodium bisulfite(BASB) and glyoxal sodium bisulfite (GSB), and Rongalite on the resist-discharge behaviors of C.I. Reactive Black 5(B1-5), which is disazo type and has two vinylsulfone groups, were investigated. It was confirmed that BASB and GSB were effective resist agents, and about 4% of BASB or about 6% of GSB was proper to obtain successful white or colored resist-discharge results. It was thought that the good resist-dischargeability of BASB was due to the hydrophobicity of bezene in BASB, and also that of GSB resulted from the structural effects caused by two hydroxy groups in GSB and the ease of washing of unactivated reactive dye. Only 5% Rongalite without any resist agents showed good resist-discharge result, but 1~3% Rongalite with 4% BASB brought about the stain of cotton fabric by reddish monoazo products produced by insufficient cleavage of two azo groups in Bl-5.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Disperse dyes derived from heterocyclic compounds such as phenylindole, pyridone, diaminopyridine, and carbazole have been known to exhibit high light fastness and bathochromic shift compared to the coursponding aminoazobenzene. The synthetic method to obtain diaminopyridine derivatives, which can be used as coupling components, was chlorination of pyridone with phosphorous oxychloride, followed by substitution with various primary amines. Four azo disperse dyes were synthesized by coupling four diaminopyridines with 2-cyano-4-nitroaniline as a diazo component. Structures of these dyes were confirmed by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The wavelengths of maximum absorption of the synthesized disperse dyes were in the range of $517\~528nm$, and molar extinction coefficients were $45,700\~50,100$. The dyeability of four disperse dyes toward PET fiber was generally good. Wash and rubbing fastnesses were excellent, while light and dry heat fastness were good.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1361-1370
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• 2015

A blue laccase was purified from a white rot fungus of Trametes trogii, which was a monomeric protein of 64 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme acted optimally at a pH of 2.2 to 4.5 and a temperature of 70℃ and showed high thermal stability, with a half-life of 1.6 h at 60℃. A broad range of substrates, including the non-phenolic azo dye methyl red, was oxidized by the laccase, and the laccase exhibited high affinity towards ABTS and syringaldazine. Moreover, the laccase was fairly metal-tolerant. A high-molecular-weight kraft lignin was effectively polymerized by the laccase, with a maximum of 6.4-fold increase in weight-average molecular weight, as demonstrated by gel permeation chromatography. Notable structural changes in the polymerized lignin were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. This revealed an increase in condensed structures as well as carbonyl and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Simultaneously, phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups decreased. These results suggested the potential use of the laccase in lignin modification.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2022

큰느타리(Pleurotus eryngii)는 azo계 염료인 CR, heterocyclic계 염료인 MB, triphenyl methane계 염료인 CV와 MG를 고체와 액체 배양 상태에서 모두 분해할 수 있었으며 고체 배양 조건에서는 CR을, 액체 배양 상태에서는 MG을 가장 효과적으로 분해했다. MB는 고체와 액체 배양 조건에서 모두 가정 적게 분해되었다. 4 종류의 염료 모두 균사의 생장을 저해했으나 MG의 영향이 가장 크게 나타났다. 활성을 측정한 두 종류의 리그닌 분해 효소 중 모두 laccase의 활성이 훨씬 높았으며 MnP 역시 활성은 낮았으나 laccsse와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 따라서 큰느타리는 주로 laccase를 사용하여 방향족 합성염료를 분해하는 것으로 추정된다. CR, MB, CV는 laccase의 활성과 염료 분해 정도가 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면 MG의 경우 높은 효소 활성을 나타낸 후 염료의 분해가 진행되었다. 또한 MG가 모두 분해되었을 때의 laccase 활성(0.07 U/ml)이 다른 염료가 가장 많이 분해되었을 때의 활성(0.10 U/ml)보다 낮았는데 이는 큰느타리의 균사체가 MG를 분해하는 기작이 CR, MB 및 CR 등의 염료를 분해하는 기작과 차이를 보인다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 큰느타리의 방향족 합성염료 분해 능력에 대해 밝힘으로써 앞으로 국내산 버섯균주를 이용한 친환경적인 합성염료 처리 기술 개발에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the effects on the formation of benzidine-hemoglobin, and benzidine metabolite-hemoglobin adducts, caused by pretreatment with the known xenobiotic metabolism effectors, ethanol and phenobarbital, in rats administered Direct Black 38 dye. Methods : The experimental rats were divided into three groups: a control group, an ethanol group and a phenobarbital group. Rats were pretreated with ethanol (1g/kg) or phenobarbital (80mg/kg) 24 hours prior to the oral administration of Direct Black 38 (0.5mmol/kg), with the control group being administered the same amount of distilled water. Blood samples were obtained from the vena cava of 5 rats from each group prior to, and at 30 min, 3h, 5h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, and 144h following the oral administration of Direct Black 38. Directly after sampling the blood was separated into hemoglobin and plasma, with the adducts being converted into aromatic amines by basic hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed benzidiene, monoacetylbenzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector, The quantitative amount of the metabolites was expressed by the hemoglobin binding index (HBI). Results : In the ethanol group, benzidine-, monoacetylbenzidine-, and 4-aminobiphenyl-HBI were increased to a greater extent than those in the control group. These results were attributed to the ethanol inducing N-hydrgxylation, which is related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct, In the phenobarbital group, all the HBIs, with the exception of the benzidine-HBI, were increased to a greater extent than those of the control group. These results were attributed to the phenobarbital inducing N-hydroxylation related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct. The N-acetylation ratio was only increased with the phenobarbital pretreatment due to the lower benzidine-HBI of the phenobarbital group compared to these of the control and ethanol groups. The N-acetylation ratios for all groups were higher than f for the duration of the experimental period. Although the azo reduction was unaffected by the ethanol, it was inhibited by the phenobarbital, The ratio of the benzidine-HBI in the phenobarbital group was lower than those of the ethanol the control groups for the entire experiment. Conclusion : Our results indicate that both ethanol and phenobarbital increase the formation of adducts by the induction of N-hydroxylation, but also induced N-acetylation. Phenobarbital decreased the formation of benzidine-HBI due to the decrease of the azo reduction. These results suggest that the effects or ethanol and phenobarbital need to be considered in the biochemical monitoring of Direct Black 38.