• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.150-154
• /
• 1997

Since 1972, a unique lymphadenitis called as subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis has been described in many Japanese literature. Originally described in Japan, it now appears worldwide. It mainly affects young women and usually manifests as fever and lymphdenopathy. The pathology is characterized by necrosis with loss of nodal architecture, infiltration with many histiocytes, and an absence of granulocytes. We report a case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis in axillary area. 4 10-year-old male child was admitted with a one-month history of fever, swelling in the axillary area. He treated with intravenous antibiotics. Despite treatment he remained febrile for the next ten days. 4 dissection of the axillary swelling was then performed, as was a diagnostic lymph node biopsy. The patient's condition resolved over several days and he was discharged.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2004

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPCa) is a rare variant of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This variant is associated with a set of peculiar cytological findings and aggressive biological behaviors. In most reported cases, IMPCa has involved massive axillary lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis. We experienced four cases of cytological features of IMPCa, all of which were verified by histological examination. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed malignant epithelial cells, which formed small, oval to angulated papillary clusters, which lacked central fibrovascular cores. The histological findings of the four cases revealed both pure and mixed forms of IMPCa, composed of cohesive malignant epithelial cells, surrounded by distinctive clear spaces and separated by thin fibrous septa. All patients evidenced axillary lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis. It is important to identify the peculiar cytological findings which would differentiate IMPCa from other diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.83 no.5
• /
• pp.1189-1194
• /
• 2022

Carcinoma of the axillary tail of Spence is a rare type of breast cancer that develops at a specific anatomical position in the breast, with an incidence of approximately 0.3%. It should be differentiated from axillary soft tissue tumor, axillary ectopic breast cancer, and lymph node metastases of breast and other primary cancers. Here, we report a case of carcinoma of the axillary tail of Spence in a 47-year-old patient who visited our clinic with a lower axillary mass and was diagnosed based on mammography, US, CT, and MRI findings.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 2024

Objective: Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) is a relevant imaging technique for early breast cancer diagnosis and is increasingly being used as a supplementary tool for mammography. This study compared the performance of ABUS and handheld ultrasound (HHUS) in detecting and characterizing the axillary lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of women with recently diagnosed early breast cancer (≤ T2) who underwent both ABUS and HHUS examinations for axilla (September 2017-May 2018). ABUS and HHUS findings were compared using pathological outcomes as reference standards. Diagnostic performance in predicting any axillary LN metastasis and heavy nodal-burden metastases (i.e., ≥ 3 LNs) was evaluated. The ABUS-HHUS agreement for visibility and US findings was calculated. Results: The study included 377 women (53.1 ± 11.1 years). Among 385 breast cancers in 377 patients, 101 had axillary LN metastases and 30 had heavy nodal burden metastases. ABUS identified benign-looking or suspicious axillary LNs (average, 1.4 ± 0.8) in 246 axillae (63.9%, 246/385). According to the per-breast analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of ABUS in predicting axillary LN metastases were 43.6% (44/101), 95.1% (270/284), 75.9% (44/58), 82.6% (270/327), and 81.6% (314/385), respectively. The corresponding results for HHUS were 41.6% (42/101), 95.1% (270/284), 75.0% (42/56), 82.1% (270/329), and 81.0% (312/385), respectively, which were not significantly different from those of ABUS (P ≥ 0.53). The performance results for heavy nodal-burden metastases were 70.0% (21/30), 89.6% (318/355), 36.2% (21/58), 97.3% (318/327), and 88.1% (339/385), respectively, for ABUS and 66.7% (20/30), 89.9% (319/355), 35.7% (20/56), 97.0% (319/329), and 88.1% (339/385), respectively, for HHUS, also not showing significant difference (P ≥ 0.57). The ABUS-HHUS agreement was 95.9% (236/246; Cohen's kappa = 0.883). Conclusion: Although ABUS showed limited sensitivity in diagnosing axillary LN metastasis in early breast cancer, it was still useful as the performance was comparable to that of HHUS.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.42 no.sup1
• /
• pp.76-90
• /
• 2008

$^{18}F-FDG$ PET in combination with conventional imaging modalities could help avoid unnecessary biopsy for the primary mass, and it also has a high diagnostic accuracy in patients with dense breasts. In the assessment of metastasis, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET was useful to select patients who required sentinel lymph node biopsy and to detect extra-axillary lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. To increase the sensitivity for osteoblastic bone metastasis, bone scintigraphy should be added. In the detection of recurrence, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET showed a higher diagnostic accuracy than tumor marker or computed tomography, and therefore it can be used in routine breast cancer follow-up. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET has been reported that it correctly predicted the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on as early as 8th day of treatment. Therefore, it is useful for the early detect of therapeutic response in advanced breast cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2016

In this study, the features of canine lymphoma on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were evaluated in three small breed dogs. In case 1, ultrasonography and CT indicated neoplastic involvement of the sternal, right axillary, submandibular, lower cervical, tracheobronchial, mesenteric, and sublumbar lymph nodes; spleen; and liver. However, intense FDG uptake on PET/CT images was detected only for the lymph nodes and spleen. No FDG uptake by the liver was detected for case 1 despite the confirmation of lymphoma by cytology. In case 2, ultrasonography and CT indicated neoplastic involvement of the axillary, mesenteric, and sublumbar lymph nodes and the spleen, while intense FDG uptake on PET/CT images was detected for the axillary and a few mesenteric lymph nodes, and the spleen. FDG uptake was additionally observed from popliteal lymph nodes, however there was no uptake by the sublumbar lymph nodes and some mesenteric lymph nodes. In case 3, neoplastic changes in the splenic, mesenteric, and sublumbar lymph nodes and spleen were suspected on ultrasonography, and lower cervical and popliteal lymph node involvements were additionally detected on PET/CT. Compared to ultrasonography, repeated PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake by the lymph nodes at an earlier stage after chemotherapy in case 3. This study illustrated the features of PET/CT in canine lymphomas and compared those to ultrasonography and CT findings. FDG uptakes were not detected from some lesions which were suspected to be neoplastic involvement in case 1 and 2. We could not clearly explain the reason of this result in the present study because cytological or histological examination was not performed for lesions that showed different results on ultrasonography, CT, and PET/CT. Further studies on the subclassification of canine lymphoma and the sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT for the detection of canine lymphoma are required. PET/CT data can provide useful information for predicting the therapeutic response at an early stage after treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.753-757
• /
• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the relationships between lymph node ratio (LNR, the ratio of positive lymph nodes in excised axillary lymph nodes) and disease-free survival (DFS) by comparing with traditional absolute positive lymph node number (pN classification) for prediction of breast cancer (BC) progrnosis. Methods and Patients: We retrospectively reviewed patients who received comprehensive therapy in Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, China from Jan 2002 to Dec 2006 (Group A), and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China from Jun 2008 to May 2012 (Group B). Patients were allocated to low-risk (${\leq}0.20$), intermediate-risk (> 0.20 but ${\leq}0.65$), high-risk (>0.65) groups by LNR. The primary endpoint was 5-DFS. Results: A total of 294 patients were included in our study. LNR was verified as a negative prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.002 in Group A, P<0.0001 in Group B). Then we found the effects of pN and LNR delamination on disease-free survival (DFS) had statistical significance (P=0.012 for pN and P=0.031 for LNR stratification in Group A, both of them P<0.001 in Group B). Compared to pN staging, LNR staging displayed superior performance in prognosis, the adjusted hazard ratio of recurrence being 2.07 (95%CI, 1.07 to 4.0) for intermediate risk group (P=0.030) and 2.44 (95%CI, 1.21 to 4.92) for high risk group (P=0.013) in Group A. Conclusions: LNR stratification proved an adverse prognostic factor of DFS in lymph nodes positive invasive BC using cut-off values 0.20 and 0.65, and was more predictive than traditional pN classification for 5-DFS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.991-996
• /
• 2015

Side population (SP) cells have stem cell-like properties with a capacity for self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore the presence of SP cells in human breast cancer probably has prognostic value. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of SP cells and identify the relationship between the SP cells levels and clinico-pathological parameters of the breast tumor and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 eligible breast cancer patients were consecutively recruited from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 at Yunnan Tumor Hospital. All eligible subjects received conventional treatment and were followed up for seven years. Predictors of recurrence and/or metastasis and DFS were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Human breast cancer cells were also obtained from fresh human breast cancer tissue and cultured by the nucleic acid dye Hoechst33342 with Verapami. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to isolate the cells of SP and non-SP types. Results: In this study, SP cells were identified using flow cytometric analysis with Hoechst 33342 dye efflux. Adjusted for age, tumor size, lymph nodal status, histological grade, the Cox model showed a higher risk of recurrence and/or metastasis positively associated with the SP cell level (1.75, 1.02-2.98), as well as with axillary lymph node metastasis (2.99, 1.76-5.09), pathology invasiveness type (1.7, 1.14-2.55), and tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) (1.54, 1.01-2.36). Conclusions: The SP cell level is independently associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome after controlling for other pathological factors. The axillary lymph node status, TVDT and the status of non-invasive or invasive tumor independently predict the prognosis of breast cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2017

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition accompanied by symptoms such as edema and hemorrhage. Kimchi is a traditional fermented Korean dish consisting of various probiotics. In this study, the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP55 isolated from Kimchi was studied in AD-induced mice. Orally administered Lactobacillus strain, CJLP55, suppressed AD symptoms and high serum IgE levels. CJLP55 administration reduced the thickness of the epidermis, infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils into the skin lesion, enlargement of axillary lymph nodes, and increase in cell population in axillary lymph nodes. CJLP55 treatment decreased the production of type 2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, and IL-6,which were stimulated by house dust mite extracts, in the axillary lymph node cells. Orally administered CJLP55 exhibited a therapeutic effect on house dust mite-induced AD in NC/Nga mice after onset of the disease by altering immune cell activation. The Lactobacillus strain, CJLP55, isolated from Kimchi, suppressed AD. Our results suggest its possible use as a potential candidate for management of AD.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.5879-5882
• /
• 2012

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, including Thailand. In the present study, the differential mRNA expression of SVEP1, LPHN3, KLB, ITGA7, SEMA3G, TNS1 and MMP13 genes was examined in breast cancer using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Among these genes, increased LPHN3 and MMP13 mRNA expression levels correlated with axillary-node metastasis (P=0.02). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that LPHN3 and MMP13 mRNA expression is significantly associated with axillary node status in breast cancer (P=0.04).