• Computers and Concrete
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-164
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• 2005

This paper summarizes an experimental study on the seismic behavior of lower stories of a mid-rise reinforced concrete frame building. Two reinforced concrete frames with two stories and one span were tested and each frame represents lower two stories of an 11-story RC frame building. Both frames were designed in accordance with Japanese design guidelines and were identical except in the variation of axial force. The tests demonstrated that the overall load-displacement relations of the two frames were nearly the same and the first-story column shear was closely related to the column axial load. The columns and beams elongated during both of the tests, with the second-floor beam elongation exceeding 1.5% of the beam clear span length. The frame with higher axial loads developed more cracks that the frame under moderate axial load.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.515-529
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• 2013

The moment-curvature relation for simple bending is a well-studied subject and the classical moment-curvature diagram is commonly found in literature. The influence of axial forces has generally been considered as compression onto symmetrically reinforced cross-sections, thus strain at the reference fiber never has been an issue. However, when dealing with integral structures, which are usually statically indeterminate in different degrees, these concepts are not sufficient. Their horizontal elements are often completely restrained, which, under imposed deformations, leads to moderate compressive or tensile axial forces. The authors propose to analyze conventional beam cross-sections with moment-curvature diagrams considering asymmetrically reinforced cross-sections under combined influence of bending and moderate axial force. In addition a new diagram is introduced that expands the common moment-curvature relation onto the strain variation at the reference fiber. A parametric study presented in this article reveals the significant influence of selected cross-section parameters.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.68-79
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• 2014

The type of turbine developed is based on the very low head of water potential source for the electric power production. The area of research is focused for the axial water turbine that can be applied at the simple site open channel with has a very low cost and environmental impact compared to the conventional hydro installation. High efficiency of axial turbine which applied to the very low potential head will made this type of turbine can be used at wider potential site. Existing irrigation weir and river area will be the perfect site for this turbine. This paper will compare the effects of the variation of swirl velocity criterion during the design of the blade of guide vane and rotor of the turbine. Effects of the swirl velocity criterion is wider known as a vortex conditions (free vortex, force vortex and swirl velocity constant), and the free vortex is the very popular condition that applied by most of turbine designer, therefore will be interesting to do a comparison against other criterion. ANSYS Fluent will be used for simulation and to determine the predictive performance obtained by each of design criteria.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2017

The offshore plant structure has been transported to the site by barge because it is hard to manufacture in site. When the structure was transported on the sea, offshore plant structures and connection were experienced repetitive submarine load. For this reason, it was known for that the axial force of high-strength bolted connection was declined. Therefore, in this study, high-strength bolted connection was evaluated the shear fatigue performance under longtime fatigue load during marine transport. The experimental variables were selected intial axial force, surface type, and bolt type because they ar important factors in the change of axial force of bolts. As a experimental results of considering various variables, the variation of axial force showed within 1%. Therefore, the high-strength bolted connection was verified structural safety under longtime fatigue load.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.33-37
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• 1994

When a bolt is tightened up to the range of plastic deformation, yielding is governed by the combined stresses due to the axial force developed in the bolt and the frictional torque developed on the thread in contact with the nut. Consideration is taken account of the fact that the unused portion of the thread has least sectional area being subject to initial yielding. Once yielding has taken place some strain hardening effect will result, Incremental stress-strain relations are used to treat the continued yielding, which is equivalent to treat continued yielding as if summing up the effects of thin walled cylinders subject to plastic deformation. M10 bolts of common and fine series thread are used for computational purposes. Variation of axial forces and frictional torques vs. the frictional coefficients tare presented together with other plots showing some characteristics of bolt under plastic deformation.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.27-34
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• 2002

In the case of reinforced concrete structures, the knowledge of load transfer in the long-term behavior analysis considering construction sequence is very important. Even though long-term behavior of concrete structures has been widely studied, the studies on the time-dependent axial force variation of shore have been scarce to date. In order to investigate the shore behaviors under actual construction conditions, a three-story test frame was constructed on a construction site. The entire construction schedule for the test frame was made to follow the schedule of an actual three-story frame. To analyze the data collected from the test frame, an analysis method based on the Winkler foundation model was developed. This analysis method accurately Predicts the time-dependent behavior of shore. The analysis results coincide well with those obtained by the Midas GENw program

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1174-1176
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• 2005

The permanent magnet(PM) overhang effect has been generally used to enhance the linkage flux in the motor. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the PM overhang effect in the new type axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM) motor with a double-sided airgap. The motor performances such as linkage flux, back electromotive force(EMF), magnetic force, etc. were analyzed according to the variation of the overhang angle. From the results, we can select the proper overhang angle of PM which improves the performance of the AFPM motor.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.489-503
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• 2022

A 1257-m-long irregular deep foundation pit located in the central of Nanjing, China was constructed using the combined full-width and half-width top-down method. Based on the long-term field monitoring data, this study analyzed the evolution characteristics of the vertical movement of the columns, internal force of the struts, and axial force of the structural beam and slab. The relevance of the three mentioned above and their relationship with the excavation process, structural system, and geological conditions were also investigated. The results showed that the column uplift was within the range of 0.08% to 0.22% of the excavation depth, and the embedded depth ratio of the diaphragm wall and the bottom heave affected significantly on the column uplift. The differential settlement between the column and diaphragm wall remained unchanged after the base slab was cast. The final settlement of the diaphragm wall was twice the column uplift. The internal force of the struts did not varied monotonically but was related to numerous factors such as the excavation depth, number of struts, and environmental conditions. Additionally, the dynamic force and deformation of the columns, beams, and slabs were analyzed to investigate the inherent relationship and variation patterns of the responses of different parts of the structure.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2004

In this paper, influence of shear on the seismic performance and failure mode of reinforced concrete piers subjected to earthquake loading is investigated. Comparative study has been carried out for reinforced concrete column tests to verify the shear-axial interaction model presented in this paper. Comparison shows that predicted shear hysteretic response agrees well with the test results. Also conducted is a nonlinear time-history analysis of a reinforced concrete bridge damaged by the Kobe earthquake using the current development. Displacement response for piers reveals that maximum displacement is considerably increased due to the effect of shear coupled with axial force variation, which leads to overall stiffness degradation and period elongation. It is therefore concluded that the response considering both shear and axial force gives better explanation regarding the seismic damage evaluation of reinforced concrete bridge piers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 1997

In this study, investigated are the effects of tool rake angles and the change of cutting conditions on the specific cutting pressure in face milling. The cutting force in face milling is predicted from the double cutting edge model in3-dimensional cutting. Conventional specific cutting pressure model is modified by considering the variation of tool rake angles. Effectiveness of the modified cutting force model is verified by the experiments using special face milling cutters with different cutter pockets and various rake angles. From the comparison of the presented model and the specific cutting pressure, it is shown that the axial force can be predicted by the tangential force, radial force and geometric conditions. Also, the rela- tionship between specific cutting pressure and cutting conditions including feedrate, cutting velocity and depth of cut is studied.