• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1998

preliminary study on the chemical compositions of forty seven precipitations from March 1994 to May 1995 In Yeoncheon-gun, which Is adjacent to the southern boundary of demilitarized zone (DMZ) in the northernmost tip of Kyunggi Province has been Performed. The metal cation and anion concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer and ion chromatography, respectively. pH/lon meter and direct nesslerization method were used for the concentration measurements of $H^+$ ion and $NH_46+$ ions, respectively Based on the data, the quantitative orders of the cation and anion average concentrations were $Ca^{2+}>NH_4^+>Na^+>K^+>Mg^{2+}>H^+ and SO_4^{2+}>Cl^-> NO_3^-$, respectively..The ratio of average total anion concentration to average total cation concentration was 0.97. The average pH value of the precipitations was 5.60. These results, correlation coefficients between the ion concentrations, and monthly variations of pH value and precipitation amount are used for chemical analysis on the environmental Pollution and Pollutant sources In Yeoncheon-gun of Kyunggi province near DMZ.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-25
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• 1965

A statistical study was made on the size of sample plot to be used in the preparation of a yield table. This has always been an important problem needing solution in Korea. For this purpose, 3 replications of Korean white pine plantings with block size of $80m{\times}80m$ were established in the Kwangneung Experimental Forest. A location map was prepared of the pines in the blocks and the heights and the breast height diameters measured. Then those blocks were divided into 64, 64, 16, 16, 4, 4, and 1 standed $40m{\times}80m$ and $80m{\times}80m$ each. After these divisions, the average heights, average breast height diameters, standard deviations and coefficient of variations were computed for the plots and averaged according to plot size. As the results of these computations, it was shown that the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation suddenly increased with the beginning of an increase in plot size. However, these indicated an approximately constant value at a certain limit. Although the average value decreases with the initial increase in plot size, it also indicates an approximately constant value at a certain limit. This limit was between $20m{\times}40m$ and $40m{\times}40m$. With the purpose of evaluating these facts, the average height and the average diameter were computed for the number of standing trees in the $10m{\times}10m$ plots. A negative (minus) relationship was found between the number of standing trees and the average value. As a result of above evaluation, it was found that when the size of plot area was small, a larger estimated value, was obtained as well as a smaller standard deviation and coefficient of variation. It is possible, therefore, that an incorrect value might be used in the evalution of data as the stand structure could appear to be uniform when the plot size was small. In general, when the size of plot area is larger than $40m{\times}40m$, the probability of the difficulty occurring mentioned above is estimated to be small.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.170-181
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• 2009

When a slow-moving vehicle occupies one of the lanes of a multi-lane highway, it often causes queuing behind, unlike one is caused by an actual stoppage on that lane. This happens when the traffic flow rate upstream from the slow vehicle exceeds a certain critical value. This phenomena is called as the Moving Bottleneck, defined by Gazis and Herman (1992), Newell (1998) [3], and Munoz and Daganzo (2002), who conducted the flow estimates of upstream and downstream and considered slow-moving vehicle speed and the flow ratio exceeding slow vehicle and the microscopic traffic flow characteristics of moving bottleneck. But, a study of delay on moving bottleneck was not conducted until now. So this study provides a average delay time model related to upstream flow and the speed of slow vehicle. We have chosen the two-lane highway and homogeneous traffic flow. A slow-moving vehicle occupies one of the two lanes. Average delay time value is a result of AIMSUN[9], the microscopic traffic flow simulator. We developed a multiple regression model based on that value. Average delay time has a high value when the speed of slow vehicle is decreased and traffic flow is increased. Conclusively, the model is formulated by the negative exponential function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.418-428
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• 1990

This study measured each daily intake and excretion of iron copper and cobalt of eight 20-26 years old college men during four weeks by means of analyzing their food intake urine and feces keeping their normal living pattern and maintenance body weight. This study also compared the actual measurement value of iron intake by atomic absorption spectrophoto-meter with the conversion value of it by food table. The results were as follows. Each person's average intake daily was iron 9.19±0.32mg/day, copper 0.56±0.06mg/day and cobalt 1.86±0.18mg/day. Each person's average urinary excretion daily was iron 0.53±0.07mg/day, copper 0.07±0.03mg/day and cobalt 0.13±0.01mg/day. Each person's average fecal excretion daily was iron 1.73±0.14mg/day copper 0.16±0.01mg/day and cobalt 0.46±0.08mg/day. The actual measurement value was 9.19±0.32mg/day and its conversion value 14.07±0.29mg/day : the former was 35% lower than the latter.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1986

To study the nutritional value of general hospital diet, the author surveyed in 5 hospitals which are located in Pusan. Thd information on appetite and dietary habits was taken from the questionnaire results of 166 patients and 185 non patients. The survey of nutritional value was conducted on 104 males and 61 females hospitalized patients, taking three consecutive days in each hospital. RESULTS : 1. The average nutritive value of general diet per patient per patient per day served in hospitals was 2446.601$\pm$57.31 kcal, 100.23$\pm$8.18g protein, 42.35$\pm$6.46g fat, 413.35$\pm$31.46g carbohydrate. 2. The average percentage of diet consumed by patients per day was 69.7$\pm$4.5%. 3. The average nutrient intake by patients per day was 2025.94$\pm$194.46kcal, 77.04$\pm$6.38g protein, 31.71$\pm$6.80g fat, 356.20$\pm$26.40g carbohydrate. 4. The meals were taken more regularly by patient group than by non patient group. 5. The psychological appetite was lower in patient group. 6. The patients thought hospital diet as reliable and were willing to take diets well in order to get well as soon as possible.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.145-156
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• 2007

Objectives The object of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku score in the Children who visited Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Oriental Medicinewith Growth treatment as a chief complaint. Methods Subjects were 58 children who visited Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Oriental Medicine the first time with Growth treatment as a chief complaint. We measured the height and Ryodoraku score, and we also checked bone age from some of them. This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku score in children with Growth treatment as a chief complaint. Results and Conclusions The results were follows 1. The average value of Ryodoraku score in 58 children was $41.8800{\pm}13.82641$. 2. The value of H1(肺), H5(三焦), H6(大腸), H2(心包), H3(心), F4(膀胱) and F5(膽) had significant statistical differences compared to its total average. 3. The value of F3(腎) had no relationship with Mid-Parental Height(MPH) percentile. 4. The value of F1(脾), F3(腎) and total average was classified by the height percentile values when children visitedand the difference between the predicted height percentile, and it resulted as there were no relationship between those two

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.393-402
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• 2018

Genomic DNA was isolated from the Gracilaria vermiculophylla (GRV) and G. chorda (GRC) from Jangheung located in the southern sea of the Korean Peninsula, respectively and we performed clustering analyses, DNA polymorphisms and the genetic differences. The seven selected primers OPC-01, OPA-04, OPA-05, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPB-10, and OPD-16 generated average bandsharing (BS) value, the genetic distance and dendrogram. The size of DNA bands varies from 90 bp to 2,400 bp. The average BS value was $0.859{\pm}0.004$ within GRV and $0.916{\pm}0.006$ within GRC. The average BS value between two Gracilaria species was $0.340{\pm}0.003$, ranged from 0.250 to 0.415. The dendrogram obtained by the seven primers, indicates two genetic clusters. The genetic distance between two Gracilaria species ranged from 0.059 to 0.513. The individual VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 07 of GRV was genetically closely related to VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 06 of GRV (genetic distance=0.059). Especially, two entities between the individual VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 10 of GRV and CHORDA no. 22 of GRC showed the longest genetic distance (0.513) in comparison with other individuals used. Accordingly, as mentioned above, PCR analysis showed that the GRV was a little more genetically diverse than the GRC species. We convinced that this DNA analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between two Gracilaria species pairs (p<0.01).

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.213-230
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• 1996

A study of occurrence and distribution of cellular slime molds(CSMs) in forest soils of central areas of Korea was carried out. Samples for CSMs isolation were collected from 4 study sites; Mt.Kyeryong, Mt. Taebaek, Mt. Sobaek and Mt. Sokri. In Mt. Kyeryong, six species were found. These were Dictyostelium fasciculatum, D.firmibasis, D. mucoroides, D. minutum, D. brefeldianum and Polysphondylium pallidum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 0.75, and average density(clones /g soil) was 292. The results of soil sample analyses were that the concentration of Pb was higher than any other areas. In Mt. Taebaek, seven species were found; D. fasciculatum, D.firmibasis, D. mucoroides, D. miuutum, P.pallidum. P. violaceum, P. candidum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 2.3,and average density was 1,108. Based on importance values calculated from study sites within each of three elevation ranges, several of the more widely distributed and abundant species have distribution patterns that show a response to elevation. In Mt. Sobaek, eleven species were found. These were D. fasciculatum. D.firmibasis, D. mucoroides, D. miuutum, D. brefeldianum, D. crassicaule,D. deminutivum, D. implicatum, P. pallidum. P. violaceum and P. candidum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 3, and average density was 793. Species diversity appeared to be the highest in this area. In Mt. Sokri, six species were found. These were D. fasciculatum. D. mucoroides, D. minutum, D. purpureum, P. pallidum. and P. violaceum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 2.4 and average density was 858. It was noticeable that D.purpureum were much more comrnonly found in this pinus evergreen forest. Key words: Cellular slime molds(CSMs), Importance value, Elevation, Average number of species, Average density.

• School Mathematics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.281-294
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• 2001

As a measure of the center of data, arithmetical mean, median, mode, harmonic mean and geometric mean are generally used. Students must learn qualitative aspect of average values as well as its calculation for its adequate use. As the result of the learning, they should be able to select the appropriate average value according to the characteristic of data and problem context. For this object, the historical origin and visual interpretation of average values were introduced in this paper. And to help teaching several meanings of average values, several examples including context were suggested.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2005

This study was carried out to provide radon concentration and exposure in building. The average radon concentrations of building was measured 1.37 pCi/L in basement, 0.95 pCi/L in 1st layer, 0.74 pCi/L in 2nd layer, 0.56 pCi/L in 3rd layer, and 0.4 pCi/L in 4th layer, respectively. The average radon concentration of basement was measured the higher than any other stairs. Daily average distribution of radon concentrations in building shown that radon concentrations measured in morning at 8hr was the highest value. Monthly average distribution of radon concentrations shown 0.28 ${\pm}$ 0.17 pCi/L in April and 0.82 pCi/L in December that was the highest value. The average concentrations of radon was measured 0.38pCi/L in spring. 0.44 pCi/L in summer, 0.53 pCi/L in autumn, and 0.67 pCi/L in winter, respectively. This result shown that the average concentrations of radon in winter was the higher than any other seasons. That reasons was supposed that effect of number of exchanges and using air conditions was the higher in summer than winter.