• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2003

Objective : Essential oil inhalation and He-Ne laser treatment has become increasingly available in children with nasal diseases. But the reports on the effect and prognosis have been poor. In this study, we analyzed the treatment effect, recurrence rate and the degree of recurrent symptoms. Materials/Methods: 23 children(2-10 year-old) with nasal diseases, who received essential oil inhalation with He-Ne laser treatment at least 10 times in our hospital from January 1st 2001 to December 31th 2002 were studied. Result : Ten cases are male & thirteen cases are female. The average of age was 4.91 year-old. The most frequency symptoms are nasal discharge (82.6%), nasal obstruction (78.3%), cough (47.8%), secretion sound (39.1%), sneezing (17.4%). Average numbers of treatment period, interval and treatment times are 71.79 days, 4.06 days, 18.13 times respectively. Of the 23 children, 14 children were in 'all symptom improved' at the remedial ends, and 22 children relapsed. In the degree of recurrent symptoms, 15 children were in 'more improved then before-treatment and not equal to directly remedial ends'. No case was in 'worse than before-treatment'. The final result of treatment, 6 children keep the degree of remedial ends, on the other hand 17 children are not. Conclusions : Even though, the recurrence rate was high, this combined treatment improve nasal symptoms. The final assessment is good, when the treatment-result is good, when the treatment interval is regular and when parent's are cooperative. If the symptoms continue a whole year, the result is not so good.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1999

Grain size of steels is one of the most important parameters which influence yield strength and fracture toughness. Ultrasonic wave propagating in polycrystalline materials is mostly attenuated by scattering at grain boundary. Effect of ultrasonic attenuation on average ferrite grain size of carbon steels with tensile strength $40{\sim}60kgf/mm^2$ consisting of multi phases such as ferrite + pearlite and ferrite + pearlite + bainite was evaluated. The attenuation of these steels rapidly increased with average ferrite grain diameter. Average ferrite grain diameter ($D_{av}$, ${\mu}m$) could be expressed as $1.79+22.97*a^{1/2.03}$, where a is attenuation with unit of nepers/cm. From this study, it was confirmed that nondestructive ultrasonic method could be used in measuring average ferrite grain size indirectly.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out oriental medical management and treatment of uterus myoma patients by investigating and analyzing them. We analyzed the results of medical records for 132 patients who were diagnosed as uterus myoma and visited Dong-Eui University Oriental Medical Center from March 2001 to December 2004. We investigated the frequency of symptom, the company frequency of symptom, the variety of treatment method. The frequency of symptom was dysmenorrhea 79 persons 59.85%, menorrhagia 61 persons 46.21%, subjective symptom of mass 12 persons 9.09%, infertility 4 persons 3.03%, lumbago 24 persons 18.18%, dysuria 10 persons 7.58%, dyschezia 22 persons 16.67'/), and the average number was 2.33. We investigated the company frequency of symptom, silent patients were 16 persons 12.12%, 116 persons 87.88(/) had myoma symptom. The treatment method; The frequency of taking herb medicine was 115 persons 87.12% and the average period was $50.65{\pm}5757$. The frequency of taking pill medicine was 56 persons 42.42% and the average period was $54.34{\pm}74.02$. The frequency of taking acupuncture treatment was 83 persons 62.88% and auricular acupuncture treatment was 30 persons 22.73%. We could find out the possibility of oriental medical management and treatment of uterus myoma.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.615-632
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• 2017

무작위 통제시험에서와 달리, 관찰연구에서는 편향되지 않은 인과관계를 추론하기 위한 통계적 전략이 필요하다. 최근 잠재범주분석(latent class analysis; LCA)에서 처치의 평균인과효과(average causal effect; ACE)를 추정하기 위한 새로운 방법들이 제안되었으나 이러한 방법들은 실제 데이터를 분석하는 응용 연구에 초점이 맞춰있다. 따라서 ACE의 참값을 알 수 없어 추정 방법의 성능을 평가하는 데 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Park과 Chung(2014)이 제안한 방법을 개선하여, 다항범주형 처치변수가 잠재변수인 상황에서 다항범주형 결과변수에 미치는 인과효과 추정방법을 제안하고 처치변수와 결과변수가 잠재변수 또는 관측변수를 포함하는 여러 상황에서 본 연구가 제안한 인과효과 추정방법의 성능을 모의실험연구를 통하여 평가하고자 한다. 더불어 'National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents Health'자료를 사용하여 미국 여성 청소년 성장과 약물사용에 대한 인과효과를 추론하고자 한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

To find out the effect of NPK-fertilization level and utilization method of pasture plants on the productivity of dry matter and nutrient of forages in hilly pasture, this experiment was arranged as a split block design with six treatments of 2 mainplots(N-$P_2O_5$-$K_2O$=210-150-180(wntrol), 280-200-240Kg/ha) and 3 subplots (cutting, grazing cutting+grazing alternative), and conducted at hilly land in Yeoju, Kyonggi Province 6om February, 1992 to October, 1993. In the treatment of grazing the early growth and cover degree of pasture plants wintered were more favorable. With increased NPK-application for two years, the average dry matter(DM) yield of 9,862kglha was incerased by 18% than that of the control, and the average DM yield of the cutting treatment of 10,434kaa was higher than that of others. In all treatments for two years, the average DM yield was composed of 94.0~95.1% grasses, 1.8~2.0% legumes and 2.8~4.2% weeds. The crude protein and energy productivity of forages in the treatment with increased NPK-fertilizer application increased by 20~23% than those of control, and those of cutting treatment were greatly increased than those of the grazing treatment. The average mineral content of forages in all treatments tended to be similar, Ca and Mg content and Ca/P ratio were slightly lower, and K content and K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratio of forages tended to be higher than the most desirable value of forages.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drainage effect of silk suture following aspiration of the bursa as an early treatment of chronic olecranon bursitis. Eleven cases, which have over two weeks of history and over one year of follow-up, were investigated. The average duration of follow-up was 17.5 months. The average symptom duration was 1.8 months. With an aseptic technique, the aspiration of the bursa was done with 18gauge needle and syringe and then the insertion of silk suture through the aspiration needle was performed. The amount of drainage was regularly checked $2{\sim}3$ days interval and stitch out was done at the cessation of drainage. At the follow-up, recurrence, infection, pain, and limitation of range of motion were investigated by telephone interview. Redness around the insertion site of silk suture was found in all cases, but there was no active infection or recurrence. The results were satisfactory in all cases and the average time for recovery was 10.5 days. The drainage with silk suture following aspiration of the bursa is less invasive and very effective method in the early treatment of chronic olecranon bursitis.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.33-61
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 기업주도 재직자 훈련(On-the-Job Training: OJT)에서 정규직과 비정규직 근로자 간 훈련격차와 직업훈련의 임금효과를 비교분석하였다. 이를 위하여 OECD의 주관하에 조사된 국제성인역량조사(Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies: PIAAC) 원자료에 내생성을 통제하기 위하여 비모수추정법인 성향점수매칭법(Propensity Score Matching: PSM)을 적용하였다. 비정규직을 처치집단으로 정규직을 대조집단으로 하여 훈련참여 및 훈련의 임금효과를 각각 추정한 결과 비정규직은 정규직에 비해 불리한 훈련기회에 직면하였고 훈련의 임금효과는 정규직에서는 유의하지 않았으나 비정규직에서는 훈련이 임금에 유의한 정의 효과를 보였다. 이러한 분석결과는 비정규직의 저숙련 함정 극복을 위한 정부개입의 근거를 제공하며 비정규직에 대한 훈련기회 확대가 미취업과 정규직을 잇는 가교로써 비정규직이 기능할 가능성을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 2001

An on-farm trial was conducted in temperature-controlled lactation rooms at a commercial pig farm to investigate the efficacy of broadcasting sow suckling grunts from day 4 of lactation, on increasing piglet growth to weaning. In the Broadcast treatment, sows and litters were exposed to a 3-min broadcast from loud-speakers every 42 min. The Control treatment was not exposed to the broadcast. All sows and litters had similar husbandry and piglets were provided with creep feed on the floor twice daily. In each of the three replicates in time, the Broadcast and Control treatments were allocated to different lactation rooms at random and there were 12 sows and litters per treatment per replicate. A total of four identical lactation rooms were available for the trial, each containing 28 conventional sow and litter crates with piglet heater in the creep area. A non-trial room separated the two treatment rooms in each replicate to minimise the chance that the broadcast grunt stimulation was audible to the Control treatment litters. Five "normal and average-looking" piglets from the trial litters were weighed twice, 7 d apart. The cohort of five piglets was identified by ear-tags and formed the experimental unit for the statistical analysis. The average (${\pm}SD$) age of piglets at initial weighing was 7.7(${\pm}2.22$) days. For each litter, mean piglet live weight at day 14 of lactation was estimated by linear regression of the two weights recorded seven days apart, when on average, the Broadcast treatment had been exposed to the stimulation for 10 days. Piglets in the Broadcast treatment were heavier (p<0.01) at day 14 of lactation compared to Control treatment (4.24 and 3.92 kg, respectively) and tended to have a greater average daily weight gain over the 7-d period (245 and 228 g/day, respectively; p<0.08). The results suggest piglet growth was improved by about 8% in response to the regular, timed broadcast of sow suckling grunts in the lactation shed. The independent contributions of milk and creep feed to the improved growth remain to be determined.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.581-592
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• 2013

Various data and methods are necessary to help students understand the science subject, and have interest in it. Most students like cartoons, and more easily memorize their contents. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of science cartoon reading on the academic achiements, the levels of interests in science and scientific attitudes of elementary students The study subjects were four classes of the 6th grade of G elementary school in U city. Two classes were experimental group and the others were comparison group. The students of the experimental classes were encouraged to read science cartoon related to class contents at the beginning and ending for 5 minutes respectively in instructional time. And those of the comparison classes received general science lesson. The results of this study were as follows. First, the experimental classes encouraged to read science cartoon marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test and the difference was meaningful (p<.05). This meant science cartoon reading treatment had the effect of improvement of the levels of interest in science of student. Second, the experimental classes marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test but didn't show meaningful difference. This meant science cartoon reading treatment didn't have the effect of improvement of academic achievement of students in our study. Third, the experimental classes marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test and showed the meaningful difference(p<.05). This meant science cartoon reading treatment had the effect of improvement of scientific attitudes of students. From the results thus far, we could tell that science cartoon reading had positive effects on the levels of interest in science and scientific attitudes of students in our study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2024

This study was done to investigate the effects of the incorporation of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) in diet on the production parameters of growing pigs. Exp 1: Total, 105 crossbred pigs (average body weight: 24.47 ± 2.46 kg) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. Pigs (seven replicates, five pigs per pen) were allotted randomly to three treatments. Dietary treatments: CON (basal diet); basal diet with 0.025% AJE, and basal diet + 0.050% AJE). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas were assessed in this study. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were not affected by the addition of up to 0.05% AJE. In the case of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and digestible energy (DE) were not changed in 3rd and 6th weeks of the feeding trial through the addition of AJE up to 0.05% in the growing pig diet. In microbial count, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli count at 3rd and 6th week was similar in all the treatment diets. The inclusion of AJE at levels up to 0.05% in growing pig diet had no effect on the production of NH3, H2S, acetic acid, and CO₂ in the feces. After ending the Exp 1, a total of nine pigs were divided into three treatment groups. Treatment diets were included, TRT1, basal diet + powder quercetin 30 g; TRT2, basal diet + powder quercetin 150 g; TRT3, basal diet + powder quercetin 300g. Rate of absorption in blood was increased with the higher dose of quercetin. The results suggested incorporation of AJE up to 0.05% has no significant effect on ADG, ADFI, and G:F, as well as DM, N, and DE digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs, even though no negative effect was found.