• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.272-282
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• 2004

Stress is a primary health promotion issue in worksite research because psychological distress is closely related not only to workers　 health status but also to their job performance. This study identified the work environment and work condition factors affecting workers　 stress symptoms among the Korean manufacturing factory workers. A total of 7,818 factory workers employed in 1,562 manufacturing companies participated in the Korean nation-wide occupational health survey conducted by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2003. Participants were selected by the stratified proportional sampling process by standardized industry classification, company size, and locations. Trained interviewers visited the target companies and interviewed the factory workers randomly selected in each company. Work environments included physical work environments (temperature, noise, hazardous organic compounds, and so on) and psychological work environments (job demands, job control, and social support at work), and work conditions included daily working hour, rest time, and so on. Men were 71.5% and the mean age was 34.0 years old. The average working period in the present company was 6.9 years. The average stress score was 26.2 under the perfect score, 50, which means the moderate level of stress. Perceived stress had significant correlations with young age, poor physical work environment, high fatigue, bad perceived health status, and high job demands in Pearson's simple correlation analysis. Perceived health status and perceived fatigue explained 21% variance of stress symptoms and the work environment factor explained 4.8% of that; however, work condition did not have the sufficient effect. In particular, psychosocial work environment variables (job demand, job control, and social support at work) had a clear effect on stress symptoms rather than the physical work environments. Poor perceived health status, severe perceived fatigue, poor physical work environment, high job demands, low social support, heavy alcohol consumption and little exercise were significantly related to high stress symptoms in the Korean manufacturing workers.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.61-78
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• 2003

This research was conducted to identify the factors that cause school related stress among middle school students, and to develop countermeasures in order to prevent the rebellious acts of middle school students that are on the rise and to pursue after effective guidance measures. To achieve these research objectives, 856 questionnaires were distributed to the two middle schools, situated in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi Province, and these questionnaires were analyzed, using the SPSS statistical package program. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Perceived factors for School Related Stress Overall average of the perceived degree school related stress factors was a level that goes beyond the normalcy. Stress on the grade was the highest Among these, the average of question items that addressed decrease in grade was the highest of all items followed by class factors, teacher-related factors, friend-related factors, and environmental factors. Accordingly, this research demonstrated that the students feel pressured by the university entrace examination and a school life that is focused on grades. The teacher-related factors and class factors were higher than the average, and others were relatively low. 2. School Related Stress according by Individual All the factors for school related stress were statistically significant difference according to the gender, and teacher-related factors, class factors, and environmental factors were statistically significant difference according to their school years. Their grade made their grade factors statistically significant difference, and the number of friends produced a statistically significant difference result on the teacher-related factors. Wheather they had extra classes or not made a statistically significant difference result on the class factors and environmental factors, and especially the time of doing physical exercises produced statistically significant difference on the environmental factors. 3. Countermeasures for School Related Stress according by Individual As for the countermeasures for school related stress according to the individuality, the active reacting was statistically significant difference according to the gender index, and the student's degree to react passively was statistically significant difference according to their grade. The students in different school years showed statistically significant difference reactions in both passive ways and active ways. students tended to react differently in an unreality index. Lastly, Wheather they had extra classes and physical exercises made then to react passively or actively. When the results are compiled, students are most affected by the stress related to grades, which reflected the university entrance examination oriented school life. An alternative is that the development of educational program that factors in the students' talents and aptitude is needed urgently. Moreover, character and career path related guidance and education are just as important as the academics. Given that the stress factors exert some degree of influence on the countermeasures, it is necessary to block the factors in advance and for all the teachers and parents to make an effort to react actively.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.659-668
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of stress driven by the national examination and to find out correlation between stress factors and students' general characteristics. Methods : Data were collected from self-reported questionnaires by dental hygiene students in D university in February, 2012. Results : Those having good high school GPAs (p<.05) and high preliminary test scores (p<.01) towards dental hygienist (p<.05). National license examination was the most stressful factor for 54.2% of the students. Much more stressful pressure goes to students of non-scheduled admission (p<.01), students who graduated from vocational high schools(p<.01), students with good high school GPAs (p<.05), and having high preliminary test scores(p<.05). Most of the students tended to bear the burden on national written examination with an average of 4.17. The most difficult subject was oral biology introduction (average 4.52). Oral biology introduction was more stressful to students of early admission, students graduating from vocational high schools (p<.05), students with good high school GPAs (p<.05), and students who had relatively low preliminary test scores (p<.001). Conclusions : It is crucial to reduce stress factors and to develop related programs.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Based on the orthotropic hypoelasticity formulation, a constitutive material model of concrete taking account of triaxial stress state is presented. In this model, the ultimate strength surface of concrete in triaxial stress space is described by the Hsieh's four-parameter surface. On the other hand, the different ultimate strength surface of concrete in strain space is proposed in order to account for increasing ductility in high confinement pressure. Compressive ascending and descending behavior of concrete is considered. Concrete cracking behavior is considered as a smeared crack model, and after cracking, the tensile strain-softening behavior and the shear mechanism of cracked concrete are considered. The proposed constitutive model of concrete is compared with some results obtained from tests under the states of uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stresses. In triaxial compressive tests, the peak compressive stress from the predicted results agrees well with the experimental results, and ductility response under high confining pressure matches well the experimental result. The reinforcing bars embedded in concrete are considered as an isoparametric line element which could be easily incorporated into the isoparametric solid element of concrete, and the average stress - average strain relationship of the bar embedded in concrete is considered. From numerical examples for a reinforced concrete simple beam and a structural beam type member, the stress state of concrete in the vicinity of talc critical region is investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2020

The bond performance of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and that of steel bars embedded in Alkali Activated Cement (AAC) concrete are analysed and compared using pull-out specimens. The bond failure modes, the average bond strength and the free end bond stress-slip curves are used for comparison. Tepfers' concrete ring model is used to further analyse the splitting failure in ribbed steel bar and GFRP bar specimens. The angle the bond forces make with the bar axis was calculated and used for comparing bond behaviour of ribbed steel bar and GFRP bars in AAC concrete. The results showed that bond failure mode plays a significant role in the comparison of the average bond stress of the specimens at failure. In case of pull-out failure mode, specimens with ribbed steel bars showed a higher bond strength while specimens with GFRP bars showed a higher bond stress in case of splitting failure mode. Comparison of the bond stress-slip curves of ribbed steel bars and GFRP bars depicted that the constant bond stress region at the peak is much smaller in case of GFRP bars than ribbed steel bars indicating a basic bond mechanism difference in GFRP and ribbed steel bars.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2001

This study was done to examine stressors that middle-aged men experience and how they deal with them. The subjects of this study are married men at the age of thirty five to fifty, the average age is 41.43(SD=5.46),27,580,070 income,1.14 (58= 1.21) children. and married to 13.87 years. The average of every stressor of middle-aged men turned out to be similar, but they are aware of their physical stress at most, stress from family and mentality ranks at second, and stress at job is the lowest. The coping behavior towards stress shows direct-active behavior at most, direct-inactive behavior and indirect-active behavior are in the close level, and indirect-inactive behavior takes the lowest portion. From the analysis, there were differences in stressors and dealing behaviors according to individual character and the family, they use different coping ways depending on stressors. Men became to be highly conscious of the crisis of the middle-aged life in rapidly changing society and family. Therefore, we need to figure out stressors they go through and develop the strategies to cope with stress so that they could support middle-aged men's quality of life.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of stress perception and social support on subjective well-being according to differing levels of optimism. The participants in this study were 230 pre-service early childhood teachers, majoring in early childhood education at two universities located in Daegu, Gyeongbuk province. The results of this study could be summarized as follows. First, pre-service early childhood teachers were shown to be more optimistic, be more satisfied with life, and had higher positive emotion rates than average. They also showed lower stress perception and negative emotion rates than average. Second, the highly optimistic group showed higher levels than the less optimistic group in terms of both satisfaction with life and positive emotions. Third, the stress perception in both the highly optimistic group and the less optimistic group had an impact on their satisfaction with life, positive emotions, and negative emotions. The degree of peer support perceived by the highly optimistic group showed an impact on satisfaction with life and negative emotions, whereas the degree of parental support perceived by the less optimistic group showed an impact on their levels of satisfaction with life.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2024

This study aims to investigate the effecst of stress and health care patterns on sleep qualtity of college students in three regions. The data was collected from September 7 to December 8, 2023, and 454 samples of data were used for analysis. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression anlysis. The results of this study are as follows; Firstly, 42.3% of the subjects spent an average of 30 minutes to less than 1 hour in sunbathing, 37.7% of the subjects walked more than 7,000 steps a day on averag, 35.5% of the subjects did not do moderate aerobic exercise at all, 63.9% of the subjects had more than 1 hour of blue light exposure before going to sleep, and the majority of subjects' sleep quality was 'not sleeping well' (74.0%). Secondly, factors that affect the quality of sleep were found to be grade, average daily walking steps and stress. Through this results, it is necessary to make efforts to increase walking and manage stress which affect the quality of sleep for college students.

• 기계저널
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 1976

Stress analysis of tapered cylinder of reactor vessels is investigated by means of the intersection method. The tapered cylinder is approximated into three models-average cylinder, conical frustum, and ring. The results are compared with those of the finite element method program and an experiment. In this paper, the following results are obtained: (1) the best aproximation has been obtained by the ring model analysis: (2) the intersection analysis of the tapered cylinder by the ring model shows a sufficient accuracy for the stress analysis of reactor vessels.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate stress fracture of vascularized fibular grafts(VFG) by analyzing factors associated with stress fracture and the treatment results. Materials and Methods : From June 1985 to May 1998, 7 patients with stress fractures in the 38 patients with long bone defect who had vascularized fibular graft were evaluated with clinical and radiologic methods including grafted fibular length and hypertrophic index of de Boer. The average age of the patients was 35 years(range, $14{\sim}60$ years). The mean follow-up period was 20 months(range, $16{\sim}32$ months). Results: 7(18.4%) stress fractures occurred in 38 patients. Characteristics of the fractures were (1) all occurred at lower extremity of male patients treated with VFG for long bone defected caused by infected nonunion; (2) all occurred 10 months at the average(range, $4{\sim}17$ months) after VFG; and (3) the length and hypertrophic index of grafted fibula had no influence on the incidence of stress fracture. Union was obtained in 3 patients by conservative treatment. 4 patients obtained union by internal fixation; one at immediately onset of fracture; and three after failure of conservative treatment who had fracture around the knee joint. Conclusion : Stress fracture may occur during the first one year after vascularized fibular graft and more attention must be paid for prevention of it, especially in the cases of infected nonunion. Stress fracture around the knee joint was expected to lead to a good result of early union by operative treatment.