• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 1990

This study was to evaluate the nature of traumatic injuries on anterior teeth of 530 patients and the prognosis of stabilized cases of 102 patients, including possible 18-follow up cases among them, treated at Dental Hospital, Yonsei Medical Center from Mar. 1983 to Feb. 1988. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The peak of monthly distribution of trauma to the anteriors was June and was the lowest in November. The ratio of male to female was 2.6 : 1. The most common incidence of the trauma to the anteriors was seen in the 3rd decades. The most chiefly involved teeth were central incisors in both upper and lower jaws. The causes of trauma were as followed in descending order by first blows, traffic accidents, falls, slip downs, and sports. The types of traumatic injuries of anterior teeth consisted of periodontal tissue injuries(55.9%), the injuries to the hard dental tissues and pulp(31.3%), and alveolar bone injuries(12.8%). 2. 35.1% stabilized anteriors were treated with root canal therapy. The success rate of stabilization was 95.3%, and 92.3% in replantation of avulsed teeth. 3. External root resorption, internal root resorption with calcification of pulp chamber or root canal, ankylosis of root, and other periapical pathosis were seen in follow-up radiographic findings. 4. Success rate of stabilization of the traumatized anteriors after 3 years showed 71.4% average.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.118-130
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to analyze the operational characteristics and to explore the substantiality plan of inpatient diets for foreigners in hospitals. Questionnaires were mail-delivered to 128 hospitals, and a total of 62 questionnaires were usable with a response rate of 48.4 percent. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win 11.0 for descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and ${\chi}^2$ test. Results can be summarized as follows. The average number of inpatient meals for foreigners in the last 6 months were 405 and 53 for general therapeutic diets and special therapeutic diets, respectively. The rates of hospitals with an exclusive department and exclusive staff for foreign inpatients were 48.4% and 53.2%, respectively. Major nationalities of foreign inpatients were China (37.5%) and Russia (31.3%), and their major medical departments were internal medicine (43.9%) and surgery (39.0%). The number of hospitals that provided inpatient diet only for foreigners was 42 (72.4%) and influencing factors were number of permitted beds (P<0.05), an exclusive department (P<0.001), and exclusive staff (P<0.01). The main type of menu was USA European style (61.1%), and the price of inpatient meals for foreigners was mostly \10,000~\25,000 (62.0%). As 75.9% of hospitals did not possess dietary slip manuals for foreigners, the case of preparing inpatient meals for foreigners in the form of a general therapeutic diet partially-modified according to disease was the majority (55.4%). Dietitians felt the need for nutrition management guidelines and dietary slip manuals (47.3%) as a substantiality plan of inpatient diets for foreigners. There is a need for exclusive foodservice standards for foreign inpatients in the changing medical environment.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.5-16
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• 2004

The geomorphic deformation of the alluvial fans by tectonic movement was investigated along the lineaments of the northem part of the Ulsan(Bulguksa) fault system. Based on the aerial photographs interpretation and field surveys Ulsan fault system was identified as an active reverse fault which has displaced the Quatemary fan deposits. Buguksa fault system strikes for the direction of NW-SE and N-S. These two lineaments of active fault are crossing at Jinty village in Gyeongju city and the fault plane forms here almost vertical dip. The lateral pressures from the two directions have possibly influenced on the formation of the vertical dip at jinty villagy. It should be resulted from that the two pressures responsible for the active reverse fault at which the one with the NW-SE strike thrusts the hanging wall of Tohamsan block southwestward and the other pressure with the N-S strike thrusts it westward over the foot wall of the fan deposits. The marine oxygen isotope stage 8(0.30-0.25 Ma. BP) and stage 6(0.20-0.14 Ma. BP) are presumed to be the ages of high and middle surfaces of the alluvial fan, repectively. The vertical displacements on the high surfaces along the Bulguksa fault system are about 1.05 m at Ha-Dong, 9.5-10.5 m at Jinhyun-Dong, and about 10 m high at Jinty village. And the vertical displacement on the middle surface was measured about 6 m high at Ha-Dong. The average slip rate of vertical displacements is calculated about 0.03-0.43 mm/y.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.231-246
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• 1999

The geomorphic deformation of the alluvial fans by tectonic movement was investigated along the lineaments of the northern part of the Bulguksa fault system. Based on the aerial photographs interpretation and field surveys Bulguksa fault system was identified as an active reverse fault which has displaced the Quaternary fan deposits. Bulguksa fault system strikes for the direction of NW-SE and N-S. These two lineaments of active fault are crossing at Jinty village in Kyungju city and the fault plane forms here almost vertical dip. Thelateral pressures from the two directions have possibly influenced on the formation of the vertical dip at Jinty village. It should be resulted from that the two pressures responsible for the active reverse fault at which the one with the NW-SE strike thrusts the hanging wall of Tohamsan block southwestward and the other pressure with the N-S jstrike thrusts it westwrd over the foot wall of the fan deposits. The marine oxygen isotope stage 8(0.30-0.25 Ma. BP) and stage 6(0.20-0.14 Ma. BP) are presumed to be the ages of high and middle surfaces of the alluvial fan, repectively. The vertical dispiacements on the high surface along the Bulguksa fault system are about 10.5m at Ha-dong, 9.5-10.5m at Jinhyun-dong, and about 10m at Jinty village. And the vertical displacement on the middle surface was measured about 6m high at Ha-dong. The average slip rate of vertical displacements is calculated about 0.03-0.043mm/y.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study aims to review the possibility of developing a road snow-melting system that can prevent slip accidents by maintaining a constant temperature of the winter roads and enhance performance of structures, including improvement of compressive strength by mixing carbon nanotube (hereafter referred to as CNT) with cement paste, the basic material. METHODS : To achieve the above purpose, an experiment was conducted by mixing power-type CNT and wrap-type CNT up to cement paste formulation by weight of 0.0wt%~4.1wt% in accordance with "KS L ISO 679(of cement strength test method)", and compressive strength was measured at 28 days of curing. In addition, the volume resistivity of the specimen was measured to test thermal and electrical characteristics, and the rate of temperature changes in specimen surface by power consumption was measured by passing electricity through the cross-sections of the specimen. Meanwhile, the criteria for checking the performance as a road snow-melting system was determined as volume resistivity of $100{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ or less. RESULTS : A comparative analysis between specimen with 0wt% CNT content in plain status and specimen containing various types of CNTs was carried out. From its results, it was found that compressive strength increased approximately 19%, showing the highest rate when 0.2wt% of wrap-type CNT was contained, but volume resistivity of $100{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ or less appeared only in specimens containing more than 0.2wt% CNT. In addition, it was observed that the surface temperature increased by $4.62^{\circ}C$ per minute on average in specimens containing 3.2wt% CNT. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, CNT was examined as an underlying material for a road snow-melting system, and the possibility of developing the road now-melting system was reviewed by conducting various experiments using CNT-Cement composites. From the experimental results, the specimens were found to have a superior performance when compared to the existing road snow-melting systems that place the heat transfer medium such as copper on the road. However, satisfactory strength performance were not obtained from the specimen containing CNT(2.0% or more) that functions as a heating element, which leads to the need for reviewing methods to increase the strength by using plasticizer or admixture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.609-616
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• 2017

National Geographic Information Institute has established a plan that preoccupies UCPs (Unified Control Points) at 2~3km intervals in urban areas by considering the distance between existing UCPs by satellite images and aerial photographs in 2015. In this study, we discussed the method of selecting the locations of optimal UCPs by simulating GPS reception environment in candidate sites for UCPs using GIS. For this purpose, we selected new candidate sites for installing UCPs using satellite images and aerial photographs, and analyzed the GPS reception environment by calculating the visibility distance from buildings around UCPs using GIS skyline analysis. The number of and the arrangement of visible satellites that are capable of GPS satellite reception from the viewpoint of sky view were showed by GIS skyline analysis. Quality evaluation results of GPS observation data were compared with average PDOP calculated from hourly PDOP and TEQC in two points of Sungkyunkwan University during 8 hours. As a result of GPS reception environment using GIS, if the PDOP increases, the data acquisition rate is lowed, and the multipath error and the cycle slip are increased. Thus, this study verified that the quality of GPS observation data can be secured by constructing three-dimensional spatial information and simulating PDOP when preoccupying multiple UCPs using GIS.