• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

In this study, inaccurate RSSI values of beacons are corrected using extended Kalman filter. For the experiment, the beacon was manufactured using Arduino Uno board and HM-10 Bluetooth module. RSSI values according to the distance between beacon and the viewer were measured at intervals of 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m, 4m, 4.5m, and 5m. To remove the irregular signal pattern of the beacon, the extended Kalman filter was applied to obtain the average and standard deviation of the actual distance and the measured distance, and it was confirmed that more than 76.6% of the irregular signal pattern was removed after using the extended Kalman filter.In addition, through the smartphone app, it was confirmed that the distance accuracy between the beacon and the measurer was less than the actual distance and the measured distance within 2m, and the standard deviation was small.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message(STM) and searching navigation(SN) on vehicle speed and distance during driving and brake response time during unexpected situation using a driving simulator. The participants included 19 college students; 9 males aged $25.2{\pm}1.0$ with $2.4{\pm}2.0years$ of driving experiences and 10 females aged $21.4{\pm}0.5$ with $1.3{\pm}0.5years$ of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a certain distance(30m) from the car ahead and a constant speed(100km/h). Average speed and average following distance were measured during 10 seconds before unexpected situation. Also, brake response time after unexpected situation was measured. Average speed was more decreased and average following distance was more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. Male maintained the assigned speed and distance better than female. The brake response time was faster during driving only than the driving with secondary tasks. And the brake response time of male was shorter than that of female.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2001

최근 급격히 증가하고 있는 교통수요에 능동적으로 대처해 나가기 위해서는 도시 가로망이 도시교통환경에서 담당하는 교통기능을 체계적으로 분석하여 도로의 기능적 위계를 이루고, 제약된 예산 하에 최대의 효율을 누릴 수 있는 교통관리계획이나 시설계획을 수립해야 할 것이다. 그러나 기능적 위계의 설정 지표 중 중요도가 높은 차량의 운행경로는 조사상 불가능하거나 큰 어려움을 내포하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 Simulation기법을 이용하여 차량의 운행경로 및 운행거리를 파악하였다. 이에 본 연구는 특정 경로에 유출입하는 교통량을 알 수 있는 경로OD교통량과 특정 경로내의 특정 노드(i, j)사이에 통과하는 경로교통량이라는 개념을 도입하였다. 이러한 통행량들을 분석하여 도시 가로망의 기능적 분류를 가능케 하는 정량적 지표를 정립하였으며, 더 나아가 효율적 투자계획 및 정책결정권자의 계획방향 판단에 일조할 수 있는 '집중관리구간' 선정영역을 제시하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from two Porphyra species, P. tenera and P. dentate from Wando located on the southern coast of Korean peninsula was amplified by PCR reaction. The amplified products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) with decamer primer and stained with ethidium bromide. The eight arbitrarily selected primers OPA-04, OPA-06, OPB-01, OPB-08, OPB-10, OPB-11, OPB-14 and OPC-10 generated the shared loci, polymorphic, and specific loci. The size of DNA bands varies from 100 bp to 2,200 bp. The complexity of the banding patterns varies dramatically between the primers and two Porphyra species. A total of 528 loci observed were identified in P. tenera and 443 in P. dentata: 22 polymorphic loci (4.2%) in P. tenera and 30 (6.8%) in P. dentata. 154 shared loci observed, the average 19.3 per primer, were identified in P. tenera and 143 loci, the aver-age 17.9 per primer, in P. dentata species. The number of specific loci in P. tenera and P. dentata was 73 and 77, respectively. The average bandsharing value was $0.623{\pm}0.008$ with P. tenera and $0.560{\pm}0.009$ within P. dentata. The average bandsharing value between two Porphyra species was $0.408{\pm}0.004$, ranged from 0.305 to 0.564. The dendrogram obtained by the eight primers indicates four genetic clusters. The genetic distance between two Porphyra species ranged from 0.076 to 0.627. The individual no. 02 of P. tenera was genetically closely related to no. 01 of P. tenera(genetic distance=0.082). Especially, two entities between the individual DENTATA no.21 and DENTATA no. 19 of P. dentata showed the longest genetic distance (0.627) in comparison with other individuals used. In this study, RAPD-PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance between two Porphyra species pairs (P<0.001).

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the distance between the coracoid process and the humeral head using an ultrasonography device when shoulder active contraction were applied according to the guided direction in the end range of shoulder mobilization. This study aims to provide essential data on treating shoulder disease patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 20 adults with healthy shoulder joints. ultrasonography (US) equipment was used to examine shoulder joint mobilization under two conditions: (1) anteroposterior (AP) joint mobilization and (2) superoinferior (SI) joint mobilization. Shoulder active contraction was assessed in the end range. The distance between the coracoid process and the humeral head was measured. A linear probe was used for US; the frequency was set to 7.5MHz, and the US image display method was set to B-mode. The US measurement values were measured in (1) the starting position, (2) the end range position, and (3) the end range position of the shoulder active contraction, and the moving distance was drawn in a straight line through the US image. The distance was determined as the measurement value, and the average values were compared. Reults: The results were as follows: (1) the measured AP Joint mobilization increased by an average of .52cm from the end range of the joint mobilization with shoulder active contraction; (2) the measured SI Joint mobilization increased by an average of .49cm from the end range of the joint. Conclusion: When shoulder mobilization is applied, the distance between the coracoid process and the humeral head increases when muscle contraction occurs through shoulder active contraction in the end range, according to the therapist's guidance. Therefore, shoulder mobilization combined with shoulder active contraction is an effective treatment method for patients with shoulder injuries.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2018

Alzheimer's disease has the significant factors for the both specific and characteristic features according to the disease progressing that are the volumetry and surface area by the brain hippocampus shrinking and thinning. However, we have suggested a shape analysis to calculate the variance by the roughness, coarseness or uneven surface on 3D MR images. For the reasons we have presented two methods: the first method is the distance calculation from major axis to edge points and the second method is the distance calculation from centroidal point to edge points on a coronal plane. Then we selected the shortest distance and the longest distance in each slice and analyzed the ANOVA and average distances. Consequently we obtained the available and great results by the longest distance of the axial and centroidal point. The results of average distances were 44.85(AD), 45.04(MCI) and 49.31(NC) from the axial points and 39.30(AD), 39.58(MCI) and 44.78(NC) from centroidal points respectively. Finally the distance variations for the easily recognized visualization were shown by the color mapping. This research could be provided an indicator of biomarkers that make diagnosis and prognosis the Alzheimer's diseases in the future.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-17
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• 1984

A long-wavelength ($1. 3\mum$) multimode fiber-optic transmission system has been developed and the field trial system has been installed over 17.3km distance in Daejeon Area by KETRI. The 45Mb/s and 90Mb/s system operate with BER $10^-9$over 17.3km distance, and they successfully operate on the route of 34. 6km length when the fiber cable is simply connected at one end. Average loss of the fiber cable shows 0. 81dB/km including splice loss and the average bandwidth over the 17. 3km distance is 170MHz.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2010

To identify Korean red-backed voles (Myodes regulus) from Korea by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, we obtained mtDNA control region sequences of 17 red-backed voles from Korea and northeast China, and these sequences were compared with the corresponding haplotypes of Myodes obtained from GenBank. We identified five red-backed voles from Mt. Changbai and Harbin as M. rufocanus and another three redbacked voles from Harbin as M. rutilus, respectively. Moreover, nine red-backed voles from Korea, showing the average nucleotide distance of 0.66% among nine haplotypes, were different from other species of Myodes, and the average distance between nine haplotypes of red-backed voles from Korea and seven haplotypes of M. rufocanus was 6.41%, whereas the average distance between nine haplotypes of red-backed voles from Korea and five haplotypes of M. rutilus was 14.8%. We identified the red-backed voles from Korea as M. regulus, and found that M. regulus is distinct in its mtDNA control region sequences as well, although we propose further analyses with additional specimens from East Asia using nuclear and mtDNA markers to confirm the distinctness of M. regulus.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2006

In the rule based modeling, data partitioning plays crucial role be cause partitioned sub data set implies particular information of the given data set or system. In this paper, we present an empirical study result of the data pattern estimation to find underlying data patterns of the given data. Presented method performs crisp type clustering with given n number of data samples by means of the sequential agglomerative hierarchical nested model (SAHN). In each sequence, the average value of the sum of all inter-distance between centroid and data point. In the sequel, compute the derivation of the weighted average distance to observe a pattern distribution. For the final step, after overall clustering process is completed, weighted average distance value is applied to estimate range of the number of clusters in given dataset. The proposed estimation method and its result are considered with the use of FCM demo data set in MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox and Box and Jenkins's gas furnace data.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.848-860
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• 1994

Generally, to get the minimum distance between two arbitrary shapes that are composed of circular arcs and lines, we must calculate distances for all the possible pairs of the components from two given shapes. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for the minimum distance problem between two shapes by using their structural features after extracting the reduced component lists which are essential to calculate the minimum distance considering the relationship of shape location. Even though the reduced component lists may contain all the components of the shapes in the worst case, in the average we can reduce the required computation much by using the reduced component lists. This method may be efectively applied to calculating the minimum distance between two shapes which are generated by the CAD tool, like in the nesting system.